sSPRESENTATION BY :Mukesh Kumar,SDFOChakrata Forest Division,Chakrata (Uttarakhand)INDIA.

WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 2014

Dealt with :• World Environment Day (WED)

• WED: Earth Anthem• WED Theme, 2014 :

Small Islands and Climate Change • Campaigns• SEA LEVEL RISE• MELTING GLACIER• GREEN HOUSE

• GREEN TECHNOLOGIES• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

• Source : google.com

World Environment Day (WED)

Official name : UN World Environment DayAlso called Eco Day / Environment Day/

WEDType : GlobalDate : June 5

Frequency : annual

World Environment Day• World Environment Day ('WED') is celebrated every year on June 5 to raise

global awareness to take positive environmental action.

• To protect nature and the planet Earth. It is run by the

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

World Environment Day

• WED was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972 on the day that United Nations Conference on the Human Environment began.

• The first World Environment Day was celebrated in 1973.

• Since then it is hosted every year by a different city with a different theme.

World Environment Day

•World Environment Day falls in spring in the

Northern Hemisphere and fall in the Southern Hemisphere,

and midsummer in the Tropical regions.

World Environment Day

• 1972, It was the first occasion on which the political, social and economic problems of the global environment were discussed at an intergovernmental forum with a view to actually taking corrective action.

• The first World Environment Day was celebrated in 1973.

• Since then it is hosted every year by a different city with a different theme.

WED: Earth Anthem

WED: Earth Anthem

• "Earth Anthem" by poet-diplomat Abhay K was launched in June 2013 on the occasion of the World Environment Day by Kapil Sibal and Shashi Tharoor, Union Ministers of India at a function organized by the Indian Council of Cultural Relations in New Delhi.

• It is in eight languages including all official languages of the United Nations viz. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish.

• The other two languages are Hindi and Nepali.

WED: Earth Anthem• Our cosmic oasis, cosmic blue pearl

the most beautiful planet in the universeall the continents and the oceans of the world

united we stand as flora and faunaunited we stand as species of one earth

black, brown, white, different colourswe are humans, the earth is our home.

Our cosmic oasis, cosmic blue pearlthe most beautiful planet in the universe

all the people and the nations of the worldall for one and one for all

united we unfurl the blue marble flagblack, brown, white, different colours

we are humans, the earth is our home.• ( Earth Anthem Lyricist Abhay K, Music composer Sapan Ghimire and singer Shreya

Sotang)

WED Theme, 2014Small Islands and Climate

Change

WED Theme, 2014• The 2014 theme for world Environment Day:

'Small Islands and Climate Change’.• The official slogan for the year 2014: 'Raise Your Voice , Not The Sea Level’.

• This is in support of the UN's designation of 2014 as the International Year of Small Island Developing States (SIDS).

Small Islands

WED:SIDS as its Theme• The objectives are to help build momentum

towards the Third International Conference on SIDS in September 2014 and encourage a greater understanding of the importance of SIDS and of the urgency to help protect the islands in the face of growing risks and vulnerabilities, particularly as a result of climate change.

Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

• These are low-lying coastal countries that tend to share similar sustainable development challenges, including small but growing populations, limited resources, remoteness, susceptibility tonatural disasters, vulnerability to external shocks, excessive dependence on international trade, and fragile environments.

Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

• Their growth and development is held back by high communication, energy and transportation costs, irregular international transport volumes, disproportionately expensive public administration and infrastructure due to their small size, and little to no opportunity to create economies of scale.

Small Island Developing States (SIDS)• The SIDS were first recognized as a distinct

group of developing countries at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992.

• The Barbados Programme of Action was produced in 1994 to assist the SIDS in their sustainable development efforts.

• The United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States represents this group of states.

Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

• Many SIDS now recognise the need to move towards low-carbon, climate resilient economies, as set out in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) implementation plan for climate change-resilient development.

• SIDS often rely heavily on imported fossil fuels, spending an ever-larger proportion of their GDP on energy imports.

• Renewable technologies have the advantage of providing energy at a lower cost than fossil fuels and making SIDS more sustainable.

List of SIDS• Currently, the

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs lists 52 small island developing states. These are broken down into three geographic regions:(1) theCaribbean;

(2) the Pacific; and (3) Africa, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean and South China Sea (AIMS)

LIST OF SIDS

LIST OF SIDS

LIST OF SIDS

LIST OF SIDS

LIST OF SIDS

Map showing SIDS

Year, WED Theme & Host City

Year, WED Theme & Host City

Year, WED Theme & Host City

Year, WED Theme & Host City

Campaigns

Media campaigns• NDTV launched "Greenathon" Campaign in the year

2008 and served as India’s first ever-nationwide campaign to save the environment

• Zee News launched 'My Earth, My Duty’ campaign. This campaign has entered the Limca Book of Records for a novel effort: for planting more than 73 lakh (7,300,000) trees in one single day across 34 cities and 2.5 lakh (250,000) villages on 25 August 2010.

Children's efforts• In 2012, Project Earth, an Online Eco Platform

teamed up with Rio+20 and Launched ' World Environment Day Global School Contest 2012 ' to promote awareness among today's youth.

• Every country had a winner.• Project GreenOman,The winner from Oman,

was an Eco organization founded by Hridith Sudev and is a full fledged kid's Eco Organization now.

Events associated with WED

• Eco Action Day:• It is celebrated since 2007 in

Singapore to inspire individuals to reduce energy

use at the workplace.

SEA LEVEL RISE

REASONS OF SEA LEVEL RISE

• GLOBAL WARMING :a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants.

• Another term for "global warming" is "climate change."

Reasons of sea level rise• There are two main causes of sea level rise:• 1. As air temperatures rise (due to climate

change) the water in the oceans is warmed and expands. This process is called thermal expansion.

• 2. As ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase the amount of water in the oceans.

Current sea level rise• Current sea level rise is about 3 mm/year worldwide.

• According to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA), "this is a significantly larger rate than the sea-level rise averaged over the last several thousand years", and the rate may be increasing. Sea level rises can considerably influence human populations in coastal and island regions and natural environments like marine ecosystems.

Effects of Rising Sea Level

MELTING GLACIER

MELTING GAUMUKH GLACIER

MELTING GAUMUKH GLACIER

GREEN HOUSE

GREEN HOUSE• A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse) is a

building or complex in which plants are grown.• The structures range in size from small sheds

to industrial-sized buildings. A miniature greenhouse is known as a cold frame.

• Commercial glass greenhouses are often high tech production facilities for vegetables or flowers.

GREEN HOUSE

• May be glass greenhouses or plastic greenhouses.• The glass greenhouses are filled with equipment

like screening installations, heating, cooling, lighting and also may be automatically controlled by a computer to maximize potential growth.

• Plastics mostly used are polyethylene film and multiwall sheets of polycarbonate material, or PMMA acrylic glass.

GREEN HOUSE

• Greenhouse ventilation

• Greenhouse heating

• Greenhouse carbon dioxide enrichment

Greenhouse gases• Greenhouse gases are those that can absorb and emit infrared radiation, but

not radiation in or near the visible spectrum. In order, the most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are:

• Water vapor (H2O)

• Carbon dioxide (CO 2)

• Methane (CH 4)

• Nitrous oxide (N 2O)

• Ozone (O 3)

• CFCs

Greenhouse gases • By their percentage contribution to the greenhouse effect on

Earth the four major gases are:• water vapor, 36–70%• carbon dioxide, 9–26%• methane, 4–9%• ozone, 3–7%• The major non-gas contributor to the Earth's greenhouse

effect, clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation and thus have an effect on radiative properties of the atmosphere.

Non-greenhouse gases• The major atmospheric constituents:• nitrogen (N2)

oxygen (O) and argon (Ar),• are non- greenhouse gases.

Causes of Greenhouse gases

•Sun’s energy passes through atmosphere:

•26% is reflected or scattered.•19% absorbed by clouds, gases, and particles.•4% reflected to space by surface.•51% reaches the surface.

Causes of Greenhouse gases

•Greenhouse gases increase through human activity : •Deforestation and agriculture•Burning of fossil fuels, gasoline, oil•Burning of wood and coal •Burning of organic matter •CFC’s•Population Growth •Use of fertilizers•Industries

Effects of Greenhouse gases

•Heating of the ground•Melting of ice and snow•Evaporation of water•Plant photosynthesis

Effects of Greenhouse gases

•Climate changes•Melting of polar ice caps•Increase in sea level •Flooding in coastal areas•Ocean Acidification •Rise in tides

Effects of Greenhouse gases

•Changes in flora and fauna •Species becoming

endangered/extinct•Heavy drought•Spread of disease •Change in weather patterns

Measures to Minimisse Greenhouse Gases

• GREEN/ECO-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY.• ALTERNATE/RENEWABLE ENERGY.• PROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIAL• LAND-USE CHANGE.• CARBON-SINK.• AFFORESTATION.• CONSERVATION OF FORESTS.

GREEN TECHNOLOGIES

INSPIRING GREEN TECHNOLOGY

INSPIRING GREEN TECHNOLOGY

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(IPCC)

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by the World Meteorological Organization

(WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1988.

Objective Of IPCC• The main objective of IPCC was to

assess scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to the understanding of human induced climate change, potential impacts of climate change and options for mitigation and adaptation.

The IPCC Working Groups• The IPCC has three working groups and a task force.

• Working Group I (WG I) : The science of climate change

• Working Group II (WG II) : Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability

• Working Group III (WG III) : Mitigation of climate change

• Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI)

Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI)

• The TFI was established by the IPCC, at its 14th session (October 1998), to oversee the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme (IPCC-NGGIP).

• This programme had been undertaken since 1991 by the IPCC WG I in close collaboration with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Energy Agency (IEA).

• In 1999, the Technical Support Unit (TSU) set up at the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) in Japan took over this programme in accordance with a decision taken by the IPCC at its 14th session.

Objective Of TFI• The objectives of the TFI are:• to develop and refine an internationally-agreed

methodology and software for the calculation and reporting of national GHG emissions and removals; and

• to encourage the widespread use of this methodology by countries participating in the IPCC and by signatories of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

IPCC Reports• The IPCC has completed four assessment reports, developed

methodology guidelines for national greenhouse gas

inventories, special reports and technical papers.

IPCC Reports• Wetlands Supplement New!• The 2013 Supplement to the 2006

IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:– Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement) was

adopted/accepted by the IPCC Plenary at its 37th session (IPCC 37) in Batumi, Georgia, 14-18 October 2013, and was published on 28 February 2014.

IPCC Reports• Kyoto Protocol Supplement New ! • The 2013 Revised Supplementary Methods

and Good Practice Guidance Arising from the Kyoto Protocol (KP Supplement):

• was adopted/accepted by the IPCC Plenary at its 37th session (IPCC 37) in Batumi, Georgia, 14-18 October 2013, and was published on 28 February 2014.

GREEN HOUSE GASES : IPCC Reports

GREEN HOUSE GASES : IPCC Reports

Future Meetings of IPCC

• Expert Meeting on Application of 2006 IPCC Guidelines to Other Areas, 1 - 3 July 2014, Sofia, Bulgaria.

• Expert Meeting on Systematic Assessment of TFI Products, 25 - 27 August 2014, To be determined.

THANK YOU