Workers (pt 2)Workers (pt 2)

Dangers of workDangers of work

Mining- Mining- Children workers (why?)Children workers (why?)

Mills often locked (why?)Mills often locked (why?) Machines could be deadly *(no Machines could be deadly *(no

safety law)safety law) No pollution lawNo pollution law

Child ‘drawer’Child ‘drawer’

New Jersey, 1910New Jersey, 1910

Fatigue due to long hours/even Fatigue due to long hours/even worked during lunch!worked during lunch!

Poor general conditions -Upton Poor general conditions -Upton Sinclair Sinclair The JungleThe Jungle

1882- 675 workers killed on job per 1882- 675 workers killed on job per wk –120 today (RR killed 30,000 in wk –120 today (RR killed 30,000 in 1881 alone!!)1881 alone!!)

West Virginia mine West Virginia mine workerworker

(purpose of unions- class example)(purpose of unions- class example)

Rise of Labor UnionsRise of Labor Unions

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor- Philadelphia; 1869- Philadelphia; 1869 Open to all- skilled or unskilled Open to all- skilled or unskilled

(differences?)(differences?) Terence PowderlyTerence Powderly

Goals:Goals: 8 hour day8 hour day Equal pay for equal workEqual pay for equal work End child laborEnd child labor

(next day!)(next day!)

American Federation of American Federation of LaborLabor

Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers Unionize only skilled workersUnionize only skilled workers No womenNo women Collective bargainingCollective bargaining- workers - workers

negotiate as a group with employersnegotiate as a group with employers

Industrial Workers of the Industrial Workers of the WorldWorld

““Wobblies”Wobblies” Radical group; many socialists Radical group; many socialists

involved (blamed for violent acts of involved (blamed for violent acts of sabotage!)sabotage!)

Unskilled workersUnskilled workers Miners, migrant farm workers, textile Miners, migrant farm workers, textile

workers (tried to unite them)workers (tried to unite them)

NYC 1914NYC 1914

CNLU- Labor union for African-CNLU- Labor union for African-AmericansAmericans

WTUL- (women’s trade union WTUL- (women’s trade union league)Union for Women (garment league)Union for Women (garment workers)workers)