Post on 06-May-2015
WIRELESS ELECTRICITY AND
POWER TRANSMISSION
MADE BY :- MD PERWEZ ALAM (2K12/EE/079)
MOHAMMAD HAMMAD AHMAD (2K12/EE/080)MOHAMMAD YASEEN (2K12/EE/081)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, NEW DELHI-110042
SUBMITTED TO:-Mr Ram Bhagat ,Assistant professor(Dept of Electrical Engineering)
WHAT IS WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION ?
The transmission of energy from one place to another without using wires
Conventional energy transfer is using wires ,which results in large Copper loss.
But, the wireless transmission is made possible by using various technologies based on Resonant frequency ,Inductive coupling etc.
CURRENT WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
BluetoothWi-FiNFC (Near Field Communication) Satellite communicationCordless mouse, keyboard, mobiles, microphones and
headphones.
Near Field Techniques Inductive Coupling
Resonant Inductive Coupling
Far Field Techniques Laser power Transmission
Microwave Power Transmission
Solar power Satellite(SPS)
WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES
INDUCTIVE COUPLING It is based on the FARADAY’S LAW OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Make use of coils. The coils are not connected through wire or any other kind of material.
Transfer of energy is due to mutual induction.
Its based on the concept :- that an oscillating electric field produces magnetic field and an oscillating magnetic field produces oscillating electric field
RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING
Same inductive coupling(EMI) concept but the coils here operate at their resonating frequency.
Inductance induces current.
Resonance makes both the coil to operate at same frequency.
Fields are non-radiative in nature.
RIC VS INDUCTIVE COUPLING
RIC is highly efficientRIC has much greater range than inductive couplingRIC is directional when compared to inductive couplingRIC can be one-to-many. but usually inductive coupling is
one-to-oneDevices using RIC technique are highly portable
ADVANTAGES OF NEAR FIELD TECHNOLOGY
For short range transmission Aims low power transmission Need for battery is eliminated Efficient energy transfer using RIC Harmless, if field strengths under safety levels Maintenance cost is less
DISADVANTAGES OF NEAR FIELD TECHNOLOGY
Distance constraint Field strengths have to be under safety levels Initial cost is high In RIC, tuning is difficult High frequency signals must be the supply
APPLICATION OF NEAR FIELD TECHNNOLOGY
Electric automobile charging Consumer electronics Industrial purposes Sharing information
FAR FIELD ENERGY TRANSMISSION
Aims high power transmission For long range of transmission Require line of sight Radiative in nature
FAR FIELD ENERGY TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES Microwave Power Transmission (MPT) LASER Power Transmission Solar power Satellite(SPS)
MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION (MPT)
Transfers high power from one place to another. Two places being in line of sight usually.Electrical energy converted to microwave energy
using magnetron.Capturing microwave using retina.Conversion of microwave energy into electrical
energy.Transmission of electrical energy.
LASER POWER TRANSMISSION
LASER is highly directional and coherentBut, gets attenuated when it propagates
through atmosphere Simple receiver
Photovoltaic cellCost-efficient
SOLAR POWER SATELLITE(SPS)
Satellites are placed in geostationary orbit Solar energy is captured using photocells Each SPS may have 400 million photocells Transmitted to earth in the form of
microwaves/LASER Using rectenna/photovoltaic cell, the energy
is converted to electrical energy Efficiency exceeds 95% if microwave is used.
ADVANTAGE OF FAR FIELD TECHNIQUE
Efficient,Easy Need for grids, substations etc are eliminated More effective when the transmitting and receiving points are along a line-of-
sight
DISADVANTAGES
Needs line-of-sight Initial cost is high When LASERs are used,
conversion is inefficient Absorption loss is high
When microwaves are used, interference may arise Needs positioning and GPS systems.
WITRICITY
Transmission of electrical energy from one object to another without the use of wires is called as WiTricity. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting wires are
inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible.
HOW WITRICITY WORK??? Near-field inductive coupling through magnetic fields It makes use of resonating frequency to transmit energy.
THE FORGOTTEN INVENTION IS REBORN IN 2007
In 2007,6 MIT members headed by Marin Soljacic were able to successfully transmit power to a bulb within a distance of 2m at a frequency of 9.9MHz using concepts of non radiative mid range energy transfer.
Resonance
inductive coupling
Efficiency at that point was just approximately 43%
NEED OF WITRICITY
To fulfil the ever increasing demand of nation. It is efficient and reliable. Its application are eco-friendly. Safe for humans. Low maintenance cost. Fast Can be used for short-range and long-range transmission. Wireless technology is a non-radiative mode of energy
transfer, relying instead on the magnetic near field.
WHY WIRELESS OR WHY NOT WIRES ?
Conventional medium of transferring electrical energy is wires. So most of losses occurs during transmission. Globally on an average about 30%. In India its about 40% or more. Billions, trillions of $ is spend on wires and in their installation. Waste management a challenge in 21 century. 40 billion disposal batteries added to e-waste every year. PVC is non-biodegradable.
NETWORK OF WIRES ON ELECTRIC POLES IN DARYAGANJ, NEW
DELHI
BASIC PRINCIPLE USED IN WITRICITY
RESONANCE INDUCTIVE COUPLING Two objects having same resonating frequency
and in Magnetic resonance at Strongly coupled regime tend to exchange energy , while dissipating relatively little energy to the extraneous off-resonant objects.
The equipment used is sometimes called a resonant or resonance transformer.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WITRICITY
APPLICATION Automatic Wireless Power Charging :-When all the power a device needs is provided wirelessly, and no batteries are required. This mode is for a device that is always used within range of its WiTricity power source. When a device with rechargeable batteries charges itself while still in use or at rest, without requiring a power cord or battery replacement. This mode is for a mobile device that may be used both in and out of range of its WiTricity power source. Consumer Electronics Automatic wireless charging of phones, laptops, game controllers in home, car,
office, Wi-Fi hotspots. Direct wireless powering of stationary devices like flat screen TV's, digital picture
frames, home theatre accessories, wireless loud speakers etc ,eliminating expensive custom wiring, unsightly cables and "wall-wart" power supplies.
Direct wireless powering of desktop PC peripherals: wireless mouse, keyboard, printer, speakers, display, etc. eliminating disposable batteries and awkward cabling.
Industrial Direct wireless power and communication interconnections across rotating
and moving "joints" (robots, packaging machinery, assembly machinery, machine tools) . eliminating costly and failure-prone wiring.
Direct wireless power and communication interconnections at points of use in harsh environments (drilling, mining, underwater, etc.) ... where it is impractical or impossible to run wires.
Direct wireless power for wireless sensors and actuators, eliminating the need for expensive power wiring or battery replacement and disposal..
Transportation:- Automatic wireless charging for existing electric vehicle classes: golf carts,
industrial vehicles. Automatic wireless charging for future hybrid and all-electric passenger and
commercial vehicles, at home, in parking garages, at fleet depots.
MAY BE IN FUTURE
Thank you…!