Post on 01-Nov-2018
WILDLAND FIRE SUPPRESSION with Heavy Equipment in Spain
Juan Bautista García EgidoDomingo Molina Terrén
1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background
2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams
3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain.
4. Efficiency/Performance of lines implementation. Cost
5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain
6. Next Challenges (innovation and development)
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Outline
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1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background
FOREST MAP OF SPAIN
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1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background
-Number of Fires and area affected:
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1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background
-Evolution of % of the Large Fires (>500 ha) and Evolution of % of area
affected by Large Fires:
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1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background
USA 1940
CANADA (Alberta 1940)
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1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background
Indeterminate place, Building terraces 1958
Ciudad Real, AforestationRiofrío Plough1975
FOTOTECA FORESTAL, DGB-INIA
CIUDAD REAL 1980, PumperCat/Caterpillar D7
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1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background
Map showing the number of heavy equipment teams by Regions (Size of Icon) Map Credit: Juan José Fernández
TYPES OF FIRE AGENCIES IN SPAIN
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2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams
Eartmoving machines:
- Dozers (68)- Excavators
Machines to cut and extract products:
- Harvesters and Feller-Bunchers
- Skidder and Forwarders
Machines with tanks:
- Pumpercats
- Skidgines
Other implements and machines:
- Walking excavators/Mulchers/Agricultural tractor with ploughs
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2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams .
DOZERS/EXCAVATORS
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2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams
HARVESTERS/FELLEN-BUNCHERS/SKIDDERS
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2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams
PUMPERCATS
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2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams
AGRICULTURAL PLOWS OVER TRACK AND WHEELEDTRACTORS. LUCKY MACHINES
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2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams
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2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams
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3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct attack. Fuel Models: Grass, Shrubs (4,5) and Clear Forest (11)
Ciudad RealCiudad Real
ZamoraToledo
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FUEL MODEL VEGETATION DESCRIPTION Yields km/hr IN
CONTOUR LINE
Yields km/hr IN
DOWNHILL
OPERATIONS
4 Shrubs> 2 m 0,5-1 1,5
5 y 6 Shrubs < 1 m 1,50 2
7 Shrubs de 0,5-2 m in conifers 0,50 1
8 y 9 Forest of conifers 0,50 0,7
10 Forest with debris 0,30 0,5
11 Forest clear 0,40 0,6
12 y 13 Debris predominant 0,70 0,9
Performance of construction of control lines (in Spain) with dozer according Ayala andHolguin (2000) in "La defensa contra incendios forestales. Fundamentos y experiencias".
3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct attack. Fuel Models: Grass, Shrubs (4,5) and Clear Forest (11)
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Ciudad Real
3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct attack. Fuel Models: Grass, Shrubs (4,5) and Clear Forest (11)
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3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct Attack. Fuel Models: Shrubs and Conifers (7) Forest and Debris (8, 9, 10, 12, 13)
ToledoCáceres
Lleida
Cuenca
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Cuenca
Albacete
3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct Attack. Fuel Models: Shrubs and Conifers (7) Forest and Debris (8, 9, 10, 12, 13)
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3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct Attack.
1º Dozer2º Dozer
Hand toolcrew
Dozer Boss
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3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct Attack.
Aerial Resources
2º Dozer
1º Dozer
Aerial support
1º Dozer
2º Dozer
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3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Paralel/Indirect Attack.
Ciudad Real
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3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Paralel/Indirect Attack.
Ciudad Real
Valencia
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3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Control of fire perimeters.
Ciudad Real
Albacete
Ciudad Real
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3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Creating access to other resources.
Albacete
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3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Creating access to other resources.
Albacete
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Firelines restoration
3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Creating access to other resources. Firelines restoration
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Firelines restoration
3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Creating access to other resources. Firelines restoration
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4. Efficiency/Performance of lines implementation
FUEL MODEL VEGETATION DESCRIPTION Yields km/hr IN
CONTOUR LINE
Yields km/hr IN
DOWNHILL
OPERATIONS
4 Shrubs> 2 m 0,5-1 1,5
5 y 6 Shrubs < 1 m 1,50 2
7 Shrubs de 0,5-2 m in conifers 0,50 1
8 y 9 Forest of conifers 0,50 0,7
10 Forest with debris 0,30 0,5
11 Forest clear 0,40 0,6
12 y 13 Debris predominant 0,70 0,9
Performance of construction of control lines (in Spain) with dozer according Ayala andHolguin (2000) in "La defensa contra incendios forestales. Fundamentos y experiencias".
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4. Efficiency/Performance of lines implementation. Costs
The service dozer and lowboy prices, for 10 hours in the presence of the team and 24 hours of on call availability with two full shifts machine operator and lowboy driver range from (Prices of Dozer Service in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) for 2012):
- Dozer type 1> 200 hp: The hourly cost of the dozer and lowboy is about 87.2 €/hour.
- Dozer type 2 <200 hp: The hourly cost of the dozer and lowboy is about 72.1 €/hour.
The price of the extra hour in suppression tasks for dozer type 1> 200 HP: 75 €/hour + VAT (Tax) = 90.75 €/hour.
(1 Euro=$1.11 USD or $1.44C CAD).
Most Technical Conditions of the Heavy Equipment in different Regions in Spain also has a portion of work by hours, hectares or linear meters, to review firebreaks or improvement of roads.
Dozer production rate in Spain, determined by Ayala and Holguin (2000), can be determined operational costs, applying the price extra hour of 90.75 €/hour (track-type tractor Type 1). Therefore these operational costs would range between 30 €/km-303 €/km.
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Actions to ensure the intrinsic safety of the heavy equipment used in suppression wildland fires
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5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain
- Heavy Equipment Sets (HES) are highly adapted to the forest environment and to wildlandfires. They have an excellent great grip and stability on steep slopes (<75 %), slippery surfaces and rough land. They have greater maneuverability than other resources.
- HES are able to handle direct attacks on high intensity (>2,5 m) fireline wildland fires.
- HES are used to implement emergency road access.
- HES are used to save time and hours of manual work in fire line control; therefore, unloading work to be allocated to other tasks.
- HES perform fire line control faster and in a less expensive manner.
- HES eliminate part of safety iusses by reducing the number of people in your work area.
- HES allow safer night time line building operations, especially where dead trees or branches(widow-makers) exist.
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5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain
- In Spain, it is necessary to establish a training program for dozer boss, machine operators, and lowboy drivers to standardize and rank their capabilities (as regulated the Regional Fire Agencies) so they can fit into a system like the Incident Command System (ICS).
- In order to successfully introduction the HES and be truly effective it is also necessary to train middle managers and command officers in the equipment characteristics, types, potential utilities and integration within suppression operations.
- The integration of the figure of Strike Team Heavy Equipment in the Incident Command System of the Regional Governments is necessary.- Investigation of accidents (and near-hits) involving heavy equipment is needed in order to establish the causes and resulting conclusions.
- Is necessary to carry out the firelines restoration after the wildland fires.
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HES in Spain need the figure of Stike TeamHeavy Equipment
5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain
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HES in Spain need the figure of Strike Team Heavy Equipment
Guadalajara
5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain
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LESSONS LEARNED. ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS (Guadalajara). 2012
5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain
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LESSONS LEARNED. ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS (Ciudad Real). 2009
5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain
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LESSONS LEARNED. ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS. (Zamora) 2002
5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain
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6. Future challenges (innovation and development)
Community Fire Shelter (Development by Safety Zone a Spanish Company)
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6. Future challenges (innovation and development)
Development tools such as water tanks approved for dozers and forwarders with CE labeling
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6. Future challenges (innovation and development)
Remote Control
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6. Future challenges (innovation and development)
Simulated virtual environments
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6. Future challenges (innovation and development)
Other types of incidents
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Summary
1. Dozers and used in Spain in fire suppression.
2. More use, more training, and more efficiency is expected in the new future.
3. We use both “direct” and “parallel attack” (along with technical fire). Indirect attack and securing the control line (latter action) too.
4. Challenges
5. Training in dozer use at all levels, from drivers to fire chiefs. And in masterFUEGO (a M. Sc. program)
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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Juan Bautista García
jbgarcia@geacam.com
WILDLAND FIRE SUPPRESSION with Heavy Equipment in Spain
Juan Bautista García EgidoDomingo Molina Terrén