Post on 13-Feb-2016
description
WHITE BLOOD WHITE BLOOD CELLSCELLS
LEUKOCYTESLEUKOCYTES(WBCs)(WBCs)
Dr. Shaikh Mujeeb AhmedDr. Shaikh Mujeeb Ahmed
PLASMA
CELLS
PATHOGENS
INFECTIONS
GGrranulocytesanulocytes Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) NeutrophilsNeutrophils EosinophilsEosinophils BasophilsBasophils
AgAgranulocytesranulocytes LymphocytesLymphocytes
T lymphocyte T lymphocyte B lymphocyteB lymphocyte
Monocytes Monocytes macrophage system macrophage system ThrombocytesThrombocytes (platelets) (platelets)
TYPES TYPES (CLASSIFICATION)(CLASSIFICATION)
CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION
GRANULOCYTES AGRANULOCYTES
Cell ApproximateNormal range(/µL)
Percentage of Total WBC
Total WBC 4000-11000 - - -Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
3000-6000150-300
0-100
50-70%1-4 %
0.25 - 0.5%Lymphocytes 1500-4000 20-40Monocytes 300-600 2-8
Concentration (Normal Counts)
Site of Formation Ultimately originate from same
undifferentiated multipotent stem cells in red bone marrow
Granulocytes and monocytes are produced only in bone marrow
Most new lymphocytes are actually produced by lymphocytes already in lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes and tonsils
Total number of white cells and percentage of each type may vary considerably to meet changing defense needs
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF WBCSs
Granulocytes 4-8 hours
Monocytes 10-20 hours
Lymphocytes & macrophages
months & years
Life span of leukocytes:
NEUTROPHILSNEUTROPHILS
Most Abundant WBCs 60-70 Most Abundant WBCs 60-70 %%
Size: 15-20 µmSize: 15-20 µm Nucleus: Multilobed 2-5 Nucleus: Multilobed 2-5
lobeslobes Life span: 6-8 hoursLife span: 6-8 hours
1.1. DiapedesisDiapedesis2.2. ChemotaxisChemotaxis3.3. OpsonizationOpsonization4.4. DegranulationDegranulation5.5. Phagocytosis & Phagocytosis &
DigestionDigestion
DEFENSIVE PROPERTIES DEFENSIVE PROPERTIES OF MACROPHAGES OF MACROPHAGES
NEUTROPHILSNEUTROPHILS
PMNs Digestive SystemPMNs Digestive System(Antimicrobial system)(Antimicrobial system)
ENZYMATIC GranulesGranules HeparinHeparin HistamineHistamine BradykininBradykinin SerotininSerotinin DefensinsDefensins Lysosomal enzymesLysosomal enzymes Slow reacting substance of Slow reacting substance of
anaphylaxisanaphylaxis
NON ENZYMATICNON ENZYMATICrespiratory burstrespiratory burstOO22 Free Radicals (O Free Radicals (O--22, H, H22OO22, , --OH)OH)NADPH-oxidaseNADPH-oxidaseMyeloperoxidaseMyeloperoxidaseCl- Cl- HoCl HoClHypochlorous acid “very toxic”Hypochlorous acid “very toxic”
PMNs Digestive SystemPMNs Digestive System(Antimicrobial system)(Antimicrobial system)
EosinophilEosinophil Granules contain arginine rich protein, which take Granules contain arginine rich protein, which take
acid dye (eosin)acid dye (eosin) Function: PhagocytosisFunction: Phagocytosis Chemotaxis: attracted towards chronic Chemotaxis: attracted towards chronic
inflammationinflammation Neutralises allergic products such histamine, 5-HT, Ag-Neutralises allergic products such histamine, 5-HT, Ag-
Ab complex, bradykinin (allergic disease of skin &lungs)Ab complex, bradykinin (allergic disease of skin &lungs) Phagocytosis is same as neutrophil, but less Phagocytosis is same as neutrophil, but less
efficientefficient
Eosinophils cont,Eosinophils cont, High eosinophil count:High eosinophil count:
Parasitic (hook worm, ascaris, bilharzia)Parasitic (hook worm, ascaris, bilharzia) Allergic (asthma, rhinitis, drug reaction)Allergic (asthma, rhinitis, drug reaction) Dermatological diseasesDermatological diseases
BasophilsBasophils Weak phagocytic cellsWeak phagocytic cells Granules contain polysaccharide granules > Granules contain polysaccharide granules >
base methylene blue color.base methylene blue color. Similar to mast cells releases its granules Similar to mast cells releases its granules
containing heparin, histamine, 5HT. Which containing heparin, histamine, 5HT. Which causes inflammation reactioncauses inflammation reaction
MONOCYTESMONOCYTES No Granules but No Granules but
VacoulesVacoules Size: 15-20 µmSize: 15-20 µm More Efficient than More Efficient than
NeutrophilsNeutrophils Life span: 10-20 hours Life span: 10-20 hours
in bloodin blood
MACROPHAGESMACROPHAGES Two typesTwo types
FixedFixed MobileMobile
Reticuloendothelial Reticuloendothelial SystemSystem
Monocyte/Macrophage Monocyte/Macrophage SystemSystem
Consist of;Consist of; MonocytesMonocytes Mobile macrophages Mobile macrophages fixed tissue macrophages fixed tissue macrophages specialized endothelial cells in specialized endothelial cells in
bone marrow, spleen and bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodeslymph nodes
TISSUE MACROPHAGE SYSTEM
Reticuloendothelial SystemReticuloendothelial SystemMonocytes/Macrophage Monocytes/Macrophage
SystemSystemExamples are: -Examples are: -1.1. Tissue macrophages in Skin and Tissue macrophages in Skin and
Subcutaneous tissues (Histiocytes)Subcutaneous tissues (Histiocytes)2.2. Macrophages of Lymph NodesMacrophages of Lymph Nodes3. 3. Alveolar macrophagesAlveolar macrophages4.4. Tissue macrophages in Liver sinusesTissue macrophages in Liver sinuses (Kupffer Cells)(Kupffer Cells)5.5. Macrophages of Spleen & Bone Macrophages of Spleen & Bone
marrowmarrow6. Microglia in Brain6. Microglia in Brain
Tissue macrophages in Tissue macrophages in Liver sinusesLiver sinuses
Lymphocytes Provide immune defense against targets for which
they are specifically programmed Live about 100 to 300 days 2 types of lymphocytes
B lymphocytes Produce antibodies which circulate in blood Responsible for antibody-mediated or humoral immunity
T lymphocytes Do not produce antibodies Directly destroy specific target cells by releasing
chemicals that punch holes in the victim cell (cell-mediated immunity)
Target cells include body cells invaded by viruses and cancer cells
Lines of DefenseLines of DefenseResponse to InflammationResponse to Inflammation
1.1. 11stst line of defense – Tissue macrophages & Physical line of defense – Tissue macrophages & Physical BarriersBarriers2.2. 22ndnd line of defense – Neutrophil Invasionline of defense – Neutrophil Invasion
of the inflamed areaof the inflamed area
3.3. 33rdrd line of defense – Monocytes –macrophage line of defense – Monocytes –macrophage invasion of inflamed area invasion of inflamed area
4.4. 44thth line of defense – Increased production line of defense – Increased production of granulocytes and of granulocytes and
Monocytes by Bone marrowMonocytes by Bone marrow
1st1st line of defense – Tissue macrophages line of defense – Tissue macrophages
2nd2nd line of defense – Neutrophil Invasion line of defense – Neutrophil Invasion
3rd3rd line of defense – Monocytes –macrophage line of defense – Monocytes –macrophageTHIRD
4th4th line of defense – Increased line of defense – Increased production of granulocytes and production of granulocytes and
Monocytes by Bone marrowMonocytes by Bone marrow
IMPORTANT TERMSIMPORTANT TERMS LeukocytosisLeukocytosis LeukopeniaLeukopenia NeutrophiliaNeutrophilia LeukemiasLeukemias PusPus
Formation of PusFormation of Pus
Dead Neutrophils Dead Neutrophils Dead Macrophages Dead Macrophages Necrotic tissueNecrotic tissue
Thank youThank you