Wheat Corn Soybean Fungicides: Efficacy and …utcrops.com/Presentations/West TN Grain...

Fungicides: Efficacy and EconomicsHEATHER KELLY, EXTENSION/RESEARCH PLANT PATHOLOGISTDANNY MORRIS, AREA FARM MANAGEMENT SPECIALISTUNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE

SoybeanCornWheat

Disease Pyramid

1. Pathogen influenced by field history, location, etc.

2. Environment promotes disease development

3. Susceptible host variety

4. Time all 3 factors have to occur at a critical time/growth stage

For yield loss to be an issue

Factors needed to result in yield loss due to disease PEST

F 10.5.1 – Spray for Scab fungus infects through the blooms (use www.wheatscab.psu.edu for risk)

F6-F9 – Scout for leaf diseases - infections begin on lower leaves (news.utcrops.com)

Image from southernstates.com

Wheat 2013-2017 Fungicide Trials

1.31.7

4.6 4.6

early early+bloom early+flag flag bloom

Fungicide Timing

Yield (bu/a) above Non-treated check

# treatments 17 2 13 35 59

Top Yield Robbing Diseases in Corn

Grey Leaf Spot

Upper side of leaf

Lower side of leaf

Southern Rust

news.utcrops.com For in season disease updates

Corn Growth Stages

Image from aganytime.com, adapted from Univ. of IL agronomy handbook, 1999

Average Corn Yield Response to Fungicides (bu/A)

2010n=160

2011n=57

2012n=343

2013n=425

2014n=462

Avgn=1447

Early(V5-V8)

3.4 2.1 -1.1 0.1 2.3 1.0

Standard(VT-R2)

4.5 0.4 4.9 4.5 7.6 5.4

Double(V5 + R1)

7.4 4.5 3.0 3.7 4.9 4.4

Summary Data from 15 states and Ontario, Canada

2014 National Corn Disease Data

Standard fungicide timing (VT-R2) observations

• Less than 5% final disease on non-treated control (n = 86):

+3.0 bu/A

• More than 5% final disease on non-treated control (n = 121):

+11.1 bu/A

Soybean Best timing for fungicide application - growth stage R3 (beginning pod ~0.25 inch long pod at one of 4 uppermost nodes on main stem)

Fungicide response factors:Variety

Field history

Disease pressure/environment

Soybean Variety Disease Trialso County Standard Trial (CST) varieties are evaluated in small, replicated plots at oMultiple locations (varying disease pressures) oWith and without fungicide application at R3

o Disease rating data: Frogeye Leaf Spot, Target Spot, Stem Canker, Sudden Death Syndrome, Charcoal rot, Cercospora Leaf Blight, and Soybean Cyst Nematode

o 2013 – 2017 data in searchable database @ http://search.utcrops.com/disease/

o Larger database is being build by group of specialists http://search.utcrops.com/

o PDFs also available @ UTcrops.com

2017 Variety Disease Data-Field history and yearly environment affects

Average yield (bu/a) response to fungicideRECM JAX WTREC

MG III 3.8 2.8 -MG IV E 3.9 -1.4 -LL MG IV E 7.0 0.6 -

MG IV L 4.1 2.8 0.9LL MG IV L 8.4 2.7 1.5MG V 4.2 3.8 -Average 5.2 1.9 1.2

http://search.utcrops.com/

2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017Disease pressure Severe Severe-Moderate Moderate-Low

MG III 5.2 4.5 3.8 3.2 7.6 2.8 - - -MG IV E 6.1 5.0 3.9 3.4 5.1 -1.4 3.5 1.9 -MG IV E - LL - - 7.0 - - 0.6 - - -MG IV L 7.5 6.6 4.1 5.0 6.2 2.8 4.6 4.4 0.9MG IV L - LL 5.6 4.8 8.4 3.5 5.5 2.7 - - 1.5MG V 7.5 6.9 4.2 5.2 8.8 3.8 - - -

Average 6.4 5.3 5.2 4.1 6.7 1.9 4.1 3.5 1.25.6 4.2 2.9

2017 Variety Disease Datahttp://search.utcrops.com/

Example scenario…

•Should I spray a fungicide on my soybeans? What’s the variety and field history? Seeing any disease?

Example scenario…

•Should I spray a fungicide on my soybeans? What’s the variety and field history? Seeing any disease?

•AgriGold G4835 RX variety, have it in multiple fields with different histories Based on variety trial data, spraying a fungicide at R3 protected:

6.5 bu/a in severe disease pressure location

0.9 bu/a in moderate disease pressure location

1.9 bu/a in a low disease pressure location (after wheat)

◦ Across all locations, average of 3.1 bu/a fungicide response

2017 Fungicide TrialsConducted at 2 to 3 locations

Fungicides applied at R3 growth stage

Verification

5 highly effective fungicide combinations evaluated across 3 cultivars, varying in disease susceptibility

Make Your Own Mix

Fungicide combinations compared to pre-mixed fungicide across FLS susceptible cultivar

Verification Trials 2017Across all locations, all products significantly protected yield, regardless of cultivar, but analysis by location showed…

◦ No effect on yield from cultivar or fungicides at low disease pressure location (wheat-beans)

48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64

Topguard EQ (quadris+topguard)

Acropolis (domark+topsin)

Quadris Top SBX

Quadris+Tilt+Topsin

Priaxor+Tilt

Yield (bu/a) Response at Mod-Severe Pressure Location

Table 3 – in report

Verification Trials 2017Across all locations, all products significantly protected yield, regardless of cultivar, but analysis by location showed…

◦ No effect on yield from cultivar or fungicides at low disease pressure location (wheat-beans)

48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64

Topguard EQ (quadris+topguard)

Acropolis (domark+topsin)

Quadris Top SBX

Quadris+Tilt+Topsin

Priaxor+Tilt

Yield (bu/a) Response at Mod-Severe Pressure Location

Table 3 – in report

b 46.3

a 53.4

a 53.7

a 55.8

a 55.9

a 57.1

45 50 55 60

Quadris Top SBX

Priaxor+Tilt

Quadris+Tilt+Topsin

Acropolis

Topguard EQ

Yield (bu/a) FLS Suscept. Cultivar -AG4934, Severe Disease Pressure

b 49.4

b 51.3

b 52.1

b 52.6

b 52.8

a 57.0

45 50 55 60

Acropolis

Quadris+Tilt+Topsin

Quadris Top SBX

Topguard EQ

Priaxor+Tilt

Yield (bu/a) FLS Resistant Cultilvar -AG4632, Severe Disease Pressure

Table 4 in report

Fungicide Trials – make your own mix

c 46.3

b 49.8

ab 50.4

ab 51.3

ab 52.0

a 53.3

42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0

Non-treated Check

Quadris+Tebu Star

Quadris

Quadris+Tilt (4+4)

Quadris+Tilt (6+3)

Quadris+Domark

2016 Jackson - Yield (bu/a)

Fungicide Trials – make your own mix

b 48.6

a 52.8

a 53.9

a 54.3

a 55.0

a 55.2

44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0

Quadris+Tilt

Quadris+TebuStar

Quadris+Domark

Quadris+Proline

Aproach Prima

Quadrist+Tilt+Topsin

Quadris+Topguard

2017 Yield (bu/a) - across 2 locations

* Phytotoxicity noted

† Significantly lower FLS ratings than non-treated

Resources for fungicides:

UTcrops.com

Fungicide efficacy tables

• Diseases listed across the top

• Products listed down the left, grouped by fungicide MOA

• Each product rated from Poor to Excellent

Economics of Fungicide Applications- Review economics of fungicide applications in the following crops:

◦ Wheat

◦ Corn

◦ Soybeans

- Various scenarios for each crop

- Break-even charts for each crop

Economics of Wheat Applications- Evaluate applying an early applied fungicide versus spraying at bloom

- Targeted disease is septoria and head scab (Fusarium Head Blight/FHB)

- Early application is tebuconazole and bloom application is Prosaro

Fungicide Application in WheatWheat

Scenario: Apply full rate of tebuconazole early

Benefit

Yield Increase (bushels per acre) 1.30

Price per bushel 4.50$

Gross Revenue Gain from Fungicide Application 5.85$

Expenses

Chemicals:

Tebuconazole (Early Application) 2.65$

Application Costs (equipment, repair, fuel, & labor) 5.07$

Total Expenses 7.72$

Net Gain from Fungicide Application per Acre (1.87)$

Fungicide Application in WheatWheat

Scenario: Apply full rate of Prosaro at bloom

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Prosaro (Bloom Application) 12.46$

Net Gain from Fungicide Application per Acre 8.57$

Break-even Points for Wheat Fungicide Application

Wheat price

($/bu) 10.00$ 12.00$ 14.00$ 16.00$ 18.00$ 20.00$ 22.00$ 24.00$

4.00$ 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

4.25$ 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.6

4.50$ 2.2 2.7 3.1 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.3

4.75$ 2.1 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.1

5.00$ 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8

5.25$ 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6

5.50$ 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.4

5.75$ 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.8 4.2

Break-even Scenarios for Wheat

Application cost ($/A)

Fungicide Application in Corn- Evaluate fungicide response in corn based on summary data from 15 states and Ontario, Canada

- Look at early application (V5-V8) versus standard application at (VT-R2)◦ Evaluate applications in high disease pressure versus low disease pressure

◦ Main diseases include southern corn rust and grey leaf spot

Fungicide Application in Corn – 15 State & Ontario Study

Scenario: Southern Rust and Gray Leaf Spot; Early Application (V5-V8) with full rate

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Stratego YLD (Early Application) 11.48$

Fungicide Application in Corn – 15 State & Ontario Study

Scenario: Southern Rust and Gray Leaf Spot; Standard Application (VT-R2)

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Stratego YLD (Standard Application) 11.48$

Fungicide Application in Corn – National Corn Disease Data

Scenario: Standard Application (VT-R2) less than 5% of final disease on non-treated control

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Fungicide Application in Corn – National Corn Disease Data

Scenario: Standard Application (VT-R2) more than 5% of final disease on non-treated control

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Break-even Points for Corn Fungicide Application

Corn price

($/bu) $8 $10 $12 $14 $16 $18 $20 $22 $24

$3.00 2.7 3.3 4.0 4.7 5.3 6.0 6.7 7.3 8.0

$3.25 2.5 3.1 3.7 4.3 4.9 5.5 6.2 6.8 7.4

$3.50 2.3 2.9 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.1 5.7 6.3 6.9

$3.75 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.3 4.8 5.3 5.9 6.4

$4.00 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

$4.25 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.6

$4.50 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.1 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.3

$4.75 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.1

Break-even Scenarios for Corn

Fungicide Applications in Soybeans- Evaluate fungicide applications in different maturity groups of soybeans

- Look at the disease pressure of soybeans and how that impacts the economics of a fungicide application

- Consider the potential impact that a variety’s disease package has on fungicide applications

- All data for soybeans comes from the 2015-2017 variety disease data testing conducted by UT Extension

Fungicide Applications in Group III Soybeans

Soybeans

Scenario: Varying Diseases; Application (R3); Maturity Group 3;

Severe Disease Pressure

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Sample Fungicide Treatment (Quadris Top SBX) 14.65$

Soybeans

Scenario: Varying Diseases; Application (R3); Maturity Group 3;

Moderate Disease Pressure

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Fungicide Applications in Late IV Soybeans

Soybeans

Scenario: Varying Diseases; Application (R3); Maturity Group

Late 4; Severe Disease Pressure

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Soybeans

Scenario: Varying Diseases; Application (R3); Maturity Group

Late 4; Low Disease Pressure [Soybeans Planted after Wheat]

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Fungicide Applications in Soybeans: Comparison Between Resistant and Non-resistant Varieties

Soybeans

Scenario: Varying Diseases; Application (R3); FLS Susceptible

Variety; Severe Disease Pressure

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Soybeans

Scenario: Varying Diseases; Application (R3); FLS Resistant

Variety; Severe Disease Pressure

Benefit

Yield Increase (bushels per acre) -0.50

Gross Revenue Gain from Fungicide Application (4.85)$

Expenses

Chemicals:

Fungicide Applications in Soybeans: Comparison Between Resistant and Non-resistant Varieties

Soybeans

Scenario: Varying Diseases; Application (R3); FLS

Susceptible Variety; Severe Disease Pressure

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Sample Fungicide Treatment (Priaxor + Tilt) 16.25$

Soybeans

Scenario: Varying Diseases; Application (R3); FLS

Resistant Variety; Severe Disease Pressure

Benefit

Expenses

Chemicals:

Sample Fungicide Treatment (Priaxor + Tilt) 16.25$

Break-even Points for Soybean Fungicide Applications

Cost for Various Treatments:◦ Priaxor + Tilt = $16.25 - Generic Quadris + Generic Tilt = $13.32

◦ Quadris Top SBX = $14.65 - Generic Quadris + Generic Tilt + Topsin = $18.94

◦ Per acre application cost of $5.07 - Total Costs for all treatments = $18.39 - $24.01

Soybean price

($/bu) 10.00$ 12.00$ 14.00$ 16.00$ 18.00$ 20.00$ 22.00$ 24.00$

8.75$ 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7

9.00$ 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7

9.25$ 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.6

9.50$ 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5

9.75$ 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5

10.00$ 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4

10.25$ 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3

10.50$ 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3

Break-even Scenarios for Soybeans

Break-even Points for Soybean Fungicide Applications

Cost for Various Treatments:◦ Priaxor + Tilt = $16.25 - Generic Quadris + Generic Tilt = $13.32

◦ Quadris Top SBX = $14.65 - Generic Quadris + Generic Tilt + Topsin = $18.94

◦ Per acre application cost of $5.07 - Total Costs for all treatments = $18.39 - $24.01

Soybean price

($/bu) 10.00$ 12.00$ 14.00$ 16.00$ 18.00$ 20.00$ 22.00$ 24.00$

8.75$ 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7

9.00$ 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7

9.25$ 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.6

9.50$ 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5

9.75$ 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5

10.00$ 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4

10.25$ 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3

10.50$ 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3

Break-even Scenarios for Soybeans

Here, a 3 bushel increase from the fungicide application is needed for a profitable return.

Take Away from Economic Analysis

Cost of application has a large impact on the net return from fungicide application.

Know the fields environment and growing conditions to calculate the benefit of a fungicide application.

Factors to consider: moisture, seed variety disease package, historical presence of disease, and signs of existing disease.

You should consider all costs of fungicide application including: chemicals, equipment, labor, fuel, and time.

Wheat Corn Soybean Fungicides: Efficacy and …utcrops.com/Presentations/West TN Grain...

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