Dr. Stan GregoryDr. Stan GregoryDepartment of Fisheries & WildlifeDepartment of Fisheries & WildlifeOregon State UniversityOregon State University

Vannote et al. 1980

15N tracer recovered (%)

Forest

Streams

Agricultural

Streams

Urban

StreamsOrganic matter 9 – 58 8 – 64 38 – >99

Gaseous N2 and N2O loss <1 1 – 15 <1 – 10Downstream loss as NO3 55 – 79 44 – 89 <1 – 53

Frady 2005Frady 2005

Banks 2005Banks 2005

Gregory et al. 1991

OG VanSickle & Gregory 1990

CC VanSickle & Gregory 1990

OG Murphy and Koski 1989

OG McDade et al.1990

HypothesisHypothesis

AquaticAquatic•SlowSlow•PhysicalPhysical•SurfaceSurface

TerrestrialTerrestrial• FastFast• BiologicalBiological• DeepDeep

Aquatic Placement

Terrestrial Placement

Alnus rubra Decay Progression

Aquatic

Terrestrial

Year 2 Year 6 Year 14

Pseudotsuga menziesii Decay Progression

Aquatic

Terrestrial

Year 2 Year 6 Year 14

Percent Remaining Mass

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00

Time (years)

Pe

rce

nt

Re

ma

inin

g M

as

s

ALRU Aquatic PSME Aquatic TSHE Aquatic

ALRU Terrestrial PSME Terrestrial TSHE Terrestrial

Mack Creek Cutthroat Trout

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Num

bers

Per

100

m

Clearcut Old Growth

Resident trout populations (Mack Creek)Resident trout populations (Mack Creek)CV = 26%CV = 26%

Anadromous salmon populations (Coast Anadromous salmon populations (Coast Range)Range)

CV = 60%CV = 60%

Flynn CreekFlynn CreekBefore logging CV = 39%Before logging CV = 39%After logging CV = 42%After logging CV = 42%

Needle BranchNeedle BranchBefore logging CV = 39%Before logging CV = 39%After logging CV = 130%After logging CV = 130%

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

Max

imum

Dail

y Disc

harg

e (cfs

)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Peak Flow (cfs)

Num

bers

per

100

m

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Annual Peak Flow (cfs)

Cut

thro

at D

ensi

ty (#

/m2)

Clearcut Old-growth

Flynn CreekFlynn Creek

Deer Deer CreekCreek

Needle Needle BranchBranch

StreamStream FlynnFlynn DeerDeer NeedleNeedle1959-651959-65 2.242.24 3.013.01 2.342.341966-741966-74 1.581.58 3.733.73 3.133.131988-961988-96 1.751.75 2.202.20 3.243.24

CVCV (standard deviation/mean) (standard deviation/mean)1959-651959-65 23.723.7 17.217.2 33.533.51966-741966-74 55.055.0 39.739.7 67.667.61988-961988-96 28.628.6 39.139.1 55.755.7

StreamStream FlynnFlynn DeerDeer NeedleNeedle1959-651959-65 3.653.65 2.742.74 3.343.341966-741966-74 3.423.42 2.802.80 1.711.711988-961988-96 2.162.16 2.102.10 1.791.79

CV (standard deviation/mean)CV (standard deviation/mean)1959-651959-65 47.947.9 40.340.3 16.616.61966-741966-74 14.514.5 22.722.7 45.345.31988-961988-96 35.335.3 24.824.8 66.566.5

Arkle and Pilliod 2010Arkle and Pilliod 2010

Arkle and Pilliod 2010Arkle and Pilliod 2010

Arkle and Pilliod 2010Arkle and Pilliod 2010

Increased aquatic primary productionIncreased aquatic primary productionIncreased nutrient uptake by algaeIncreased nutrient uptake by algaeIncreased quality of allochthonous Increased quality of allochthonous inputsinputsIncreased temperature can increase Increased temperature can increase growth and rates of biological growth and rates of biological processesprocesses

Increased temperature can decrease Increased temperature can decrease growth, increase disease, increase growth, increase disease, increase competition, and cause mortalitycompetition, and cause mortalityDecreased uptake of nutrients by Decreased uptake of nutrients by riparian plantsriparian plants

Decreased inputs of large wood Decreased inputs of large wood Decreased habitat complexityDecreased habitat complexityDecreased refuge during floodsDecreased refuge during floodsDecreased channel stabilityDecreased channel stabilityDecreased food and nutrient Decreased food and nutrient retentionretention

Proportion of landscape and river network Proportion of landscape and river network in early seral forestsin early seral forestsProportion of riparian areas in early seral Proportion of riparian areas in early seral stagesstagesNetwork patterns of environmental Network patterns of environmental factors, nutrients, and physical structurefactors, nutrients, and physical structureNetwork pattern of aquatic ecosystemsNetwork pattern of aquatic ecosystems