Welcome to Unit TwoAP-362

Kaplan University

Introduction to Astrophysics

Wrong slide???

What’s Due This Week?

• This week (Unit), you will be completing the following assignments:

• The Unit #2 Discussion Board• The Unit #2 Quiz• The Unit #2 Live Seminar or the 300-word Alternate

Essay Assignment

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E

PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger

©2007 Pearson Education, Inc.

3

Unit Two- CJ101

The Crime Picture

Grading Tips for the Live Seminars

• Arrive BEFORE the scheduled start time (5 minutes?)

• Stay on topic• Avoid side conversations• Participate (post) regularly during the hour• Avoid posts such as “I agree”, “Good point”,

“Nice answer”, etc.

Grading Tips for the Live Seminars• Make good posts: “ I believe the 4th

Amendment is the most important because it protects use against unreasonable searches”.

• Don’t log out of the seminar early• While I may not be able to respond to each

comment posted, I do review the seminar log when evaluating your level or participation for your grade.

Just in case!• Each Unit/Week begins on Wednesday and

ends the following Tuesday @ 12:00 midnight, ET.

• I have until the following Sunday to enter your grades into the Gradebook (I try to post them sooner)

• You can NEVER make up a missed quiz!

• Each Unit has a Discussion Board Question• Must post a 100 word answer to that question

as early in the week as possible.• Must post at least two additional100-word

quality reply to other students by Tuesday, midnight, ET

• Spelling, punctuation, and grammar do count

Alternate Seminar Essays• For students that missed the Thursday

evening Seminar, you can still make up the lost points by completing the 300-word alternate seminar essay assignment. The essay should be a summary of the unit topic, and you can review the archived file in the KHE Seminar window.

• To access the Seminar Archive….

Select “Enter KHE Seminar” from the remote window the appears when you first enter the

Kaplan website.

Select the correct date for the missed Seminar (listed by Year/Month/Day) by clicking on it with your mouse.

Click on the “Load Class” button and the seminar will load and play for your review.

Terminology

• Violent Crime– Crimes against people that are violent in nature

• Property Crime– Crimes committed against property

• Clearance Rates– Number of crimes reported versus number of

crimes solved

Crime Statistics

• Provide an overview of crime in this country• Decision makers use crime statistics to – Evaluate existing programs– Plan new legislation– Design new programs– Determine needs

Sources of Crime Statistics

• Uniform Crime Report (UCR)* Crimes reported to police

• National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)* Crimes reported by victims

Uniform Crime Report

• Since 1930, FBI has been compiling statistics on crimes known to police

• Police departments (about 16,000) voluntarily submit data

• FBI puts data into the Crime Index

What is the Crime Index?

• Measures Part 1 offenses of the UCR• Gives crime rate number and comparisons for

regions, dates, crimes

Part 1 Offences (8)

• MurderThe unlawful killing of another human being.

● Least likely of the part 1 crimes ● Most likely to be cleared

Part 1 Offences (8)

• Forcible RapeSexual relations with another by force and/or

without consent ● Least reported of all crimes ● Under UCR, only includes rapes of females Rape is broken down into a variety of categories

(sexual battery, statutory rape, date rape)

Part 1 Offenses (8)

• RobberyThe unlawful taking or attempted taking of the property of another in the presence of the victim with the use of threat or force

Part 1 Offenses (8)

• Aggravated AssaultThe unlawful, intentional inflicting or attempting to inflict serious bodily harm or injury of another● Assaults broken down into 2 categories

SimpleAggravated

Part 1 Offenses (8)

• Theft/LarcenyThe unlawful taking or attempting to take the

property of another with the intent to permanently deprive the other

● often not reported because loses are small ● includes trains, planes, boats, most farm

equipment

Part 1 Offenses (8)

• Motor Vehicle TheftThe theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle

● motor vehicle is anything that is a self propelled road vehicle that runs on land surface and not on rails

● high reporting rates/low clearance rates

Part 1 Offenses (8)

• BurglaryThe unlawful entry of a dwelling to commit a felony

or theft

Part 1 Offenses (8)

• ArsonMalicious, intentional burning of a structure.

●damage must occur

Property v. Person

PropertyTheft

Motor Vehicle TheftBurglary

Arson

PersonMurder

Forcible RapeRobbery

Aggravated Assault

Part II Offenses

• All crimes except Part 1 crimes and traffic offenses

• Less serious crimes– Fraud– Vandalism– DUI– Gambling

The New UCR

• To enhance the quantity, quality and timeline of crime data collection the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is being created

• Will look at every single crime that is committed

The New UCR

• Advantages– Looks at all crimes– More accurate– Differentiates between attempt and commission

of a crime– Collect weapon information– Restructures assault and rape

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

• Began in 1972 to discover the “dark figure of crime”

• Based on victims self reporting crimes• Gathered by the US Bureau of Justice Statistics• Include 6 Part 1 crimes (not arson or murder)

UCR v. NCVSHow are they the same

Both provide crime estimates

Both limit types of crimes

Both limit how they collect info

UCR v. NCVSHow are they different

• NCVS crimes are reported by victims. May not have been reported to police

• NCVS looks at household crimes (total crimes per household, not person)

• NCVS polls more people

Crime typology

• Classification of crimes along a particular dimension– Legal categories– Offender motivation– Victim/offender characteristics

Crimes against women

• Crimes in which a women is the victim• Crimes committed specifically targets women• Usually crimes of violence– Rape– Domestic abuse– Stalking

Crimes against elderly

• Crimes committed against elderly people• Victim and offender usually strangers• Both property and violent crimes• Abuse/neglect by caregivers/family• Often victims of theft/fraud schemes

Hate Crimes

• Crimes which there is evidence of prejudice bases on race, color, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion

• Hate crimes are punished more severely

Corporate & White Collar Crimes

• Corporate– Violation of statute by a corporate identity (those acting

on behalf of a corporation)– “crime in the suits” – Usually non-violent

• White Collar Crimes– Unlawful activity of members of highly organized group– Usually they supply illegal goods and services

Gun Crime

• The 2nd Amendment provides the Constitutional right to bear arms

• Approximately 1 million serious crimes committed a year involve the use of handguns

• Public concern has lead to creation of new laws regarding firearms– The Brady Handgun Bill (1994)

Drug Crime

• Drugs and Crime– Drug crimes not accounted for by UCR or NCVS– Over ½ of inmates admit to being under the

influence of drugs/alcohol when they committed their offense

– Using drugs/alcohol leads to other crimes

High Technology and Computer Crime

• Computer Crime– Any crime perpetrated through the use of a computer

• Software piracy– Unauthorized duplication of software and other data

• Computer virus– A computer program designed to secretly invade other

systems and alter the information/how they operate

Terrorism

• No single definition• In general, defined as:– a violent act or an act dangerous to human life

committed in violation of criminal laws to intimidate to coerce a government or civilian population

The Cost of Crime

• Crime costs individuals about $17.6 billion dollars a year

• That doesn’t include time lost from work, medical expenses

• Commercial costs about $1.2 billion dollars a year• State, local and federal expenditures total over $147

billion (investigation-prosecution)

Classifications of Crime

• Define Felony crimes…..

Classifications of Crime

• Define Felony crimes…..

A felony crime is any crime that carries, upon conviction, a prison sentence of more than 1 year, and/or a fine that is equal to or exceeds $5,000.00

Classifications of Crime

• Define Misdemeanor crimes…..

Classifications of Crime

• Define Misdemeanor crimes…..

A Misdemeanor crime is any crime that carries, upon conviction, a jail sentence of less then 1 year, and/or a fine that is equal to or less than $1,000.00