WEALTHCREATIONANDTHE

STEWARDSHIPOFCREATION

WEALTHCREATIONANDTHE

STEWARDSHIPOFCREATION

Global Consultation on Wealth Creation for

Transformation

March 2017

lausanne.org•bamglobal.org

WEALTHCREATIONANDTHESTEWARDSHIPOFCREATION

ApaperfromtheGlobalConsultationonWealthCreationforTransformation

organizedbytheLausanneMovementandBAMGlobalinChiangMai,Thailand,inMarch2017.

© LausanneMovement&BAMGlobal

Permissionisgrantedtodistributethispaperforpersonalandeducationaluse,freeofcharge.Commercialuseisprohibited.Pleaseincludethisacknowledgementwhensharingandquoting:2017GlobalConsultationonWealthCreationforTransformation;LausanneMovement&BAMGlobal.WeencouragethedisseminationofthispaperandalsothevarioustranslationsoftheWealthCreationManifesto.

GlobalConsultationonWealthCreationforTransformationSeries:• WealthCreationandthePoor• RoleoftheChurchinWealthCreation• WealthCreation:BiblicalViewsandPerspectives• WealthCreationandtheStewardshipofCreation• WealthCreationwithinGlobalCulturalPerspectives• WealthCreators'ContributiontoHolisticTransformation• WealthCreationandJustice

Formoreinformationcontact:info@lausanne.org•info@bamglobal.org

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TABLEOFCONTENTS

Foreword...................................................................................................................................5

WealthCreationManifesto.......................................................................................................7

ExecutiveSummary:WealthCreationandStewardshipofCreation........................................9

WealthCreationandStewarshipofCreation:ThemesandIssues.........................................10

1.0Introduction...................................................................................................................10

2.0Abriefreviewofthebiblicalbasisofcreationcare......................................................10

3.0Intentionalstewardship................................................................................................12

4.0Innovativestewardship.................................................................................................21

5.0Readinglist....................................................................................................................32

Appendix.................................................................................................................................35

Endnotes.................................................................................................................................39

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Foreword

‘RemembertheLORDyourGod,foritishewhogivesyoutheabilitytoproducewealth’(Deut8:18).TheBibletalksaboutwealthinthreeways;oneisbadandtwoaregood.Hoardingofwealthiscondemned.Sharingofwealthisencouraged.Creationofwealthisbothagodlygiftandacommand,andthereisnowealthtobesharedunlessithasfirstbeencreated.Butalltoooftentheissueofwealthcreationismisunderstood,neglected,orevenrejected.Thesamethingappliestowealthcreators.TheGlobalConsultationonTheRoleofWealthCreationforHolisticTransformationaimedataddressingthat.Wewereabout30peoplefrom20nations,primarilyfromthebusinessworld,andalsofromchurch,missionsandacademia.DuringtheConsultationprocess2016–2017wediscussedvariousaspectsofwealthcreation,includingjustice,poverty,biblicalfoundations,culture,wealthcreators,stewardshipofcreationandtheroleofthechurch.ThefindingshavebeensummarizedintheWealthCreationManifesto,andwillalsobepublishedinseveralreportsandabook,aswellasaneducationalvideo.Allthesecontainawealthofknowledgeandinsights,basedontheScriptures,rootedinhistoryandinformedbypresent-dayconversationsandexamples.Goldinthegroundhasnoparticularvalueuntilitisdiscovered,extracted,andtraded.Usingthemetaphorofminingletmementionthree‘goldmines’thatwehavesoughttodigintoduringourConsultationprocess.ThebiblicalgoldmineFromtheManifesto:‘WealthcreationisrootedinGodtheCreator,whocreatedaworldthatflourisheswithabundanceanddiversity.WearecreatedinGod’simage,toco-createwithhimandforhim,tocreateproductsandservicesforthecommongood.Wealthcreationisaholycalling,andaGod-givengift,whichiscommendedintheBible.’Thereisalotmoregoldtobefoundinthebiblicalgoldmine.ThehistoricalgoldmineWealthcreationleadingtotransformationisnotnew.FromtheManifesto:‘Wealthcreationthroughbusinesshasprovenpowertoliftpeopleandnationsoutofpoverty.’Therearemanystoriesofholistictransformationthroughwealthcreationthroughouthistory,andsomearestilluntold.Wealthcreationhasahistoryandweneedtoexploreitfurther.Throughourreportsyoucandigintohistoricalgoldmines.

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TheglobalgoldmineWealthcreationisnotaWesternorrich-worldphenomenon.Manymenandwomenaremakingadifferencethroughbusinessesonallcontinents.FromtheManifesto:‘WealthcreatorsshouldbeaffirmedbytheChurch,andequippedanddeployedtoserveinthemarketplaceamongallpeoplesandnations.’Weneedtolearnfromthemandothersandtoextracttheglobalgold,alsofoundinthesereports.DiscoverandextracttheintellectualwealthintheManifesto,thereportsandbooksaswellasthevideo,andletthemaddvaluetoyourlifeandwork.Sharewithothers.PleasestartbyreadingtheWealthCreationManifesto.Itwillgiveyouacontextandaframeworktobetterunderstandeachreport.PleasealsoseetheappendixConsultationonWealthCreation:BackgroundandContext.MatsTunehagChairmanoftheConveningTeam

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WealthCreationManifesto

BackgroundTheLausanneMovementandBAMGlobalorganizedaGlobalConsultationonTheRoleofWealthCreationforHolisticTransformation,inChiangMai,Thailand,inMarch2017.About30peoplefrom20nationsparticipated,primarilyfromthebusinessworld,andalsofromchurch,missionsandacademia.Thefindingswillbepublishedinseveralpapersandabook,aswellasaneducationalvideo.ThisManifestoconveystheessentialsofourdeliberationsbeforeandduringtheConsultation.Affirmations

1. WealthcreationisrootedinGodtheCreator,whocreatedaworldthatflourisheswithabundanceanddiversity.

2. WearecreatedinGod’simage,toco-createwithhimandforhim,tocreateproductsandservicesforthecommongood.

3. Wealthcreationisaholycalling,andaGod-givengift,whichiscommendedintheBible.

4. WealthcreatorsshouldbeaffirmedbytheChurch,andequippedanddeployedtoserveinthemarketplaceamongallpeoplesandnations.

5. Wealthhoardingiswrong,andwealthsharingshouldbeencouraged,butthereisnowealthtobesharedunlessithasbeencreated.

6. Thereisauniversalcalltogenerosity,andcontentmentisavirtue,butmaterialsimplicityisapersonalchoice,andinvoluntarypovertyshouldbealleviated.

7. Thepurposeofwealthcreationthroughbusinessgoesbeyondgivinggenerously,althoughthatistobecommended;goodbusinesshasintrinsicvalueasameansofmaterialprovisionandcanbeanagentofpositivetransformationinsociety.

8. Businesshasaspecialcapacitytocreatefinancialwealth,butalsohasthepotentialtocreatedifferentkindsofwealthformanystakeholders,includingsocial,intellectual,physicalandspiritualwealth.

9. Wealthcreationthroughbusinesshasprovenpowertoliftpeopleandnationsoutofpoverty.

10. Wealthcreationmustalwaysbepursuedwithjusticeandaconcernforthepoor,andshouldbesensitivetoeachuniqueculturalcontext.

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11. Creationcareisnotoptional.Stewardshipofcreationandbusinesssolutionstoenvironmentalchallengesshouldbeanintegralpartofwealthcreationthroughbusiness.

AppealWepresenttheseaffirmationstotheChurchworldwide,andespeciallytoleadersinbusiness,church,government,andacademia.1

• Wecallthechurchtoembracewealthcreationascentraltoourmissionofholistictransformationofpeoplesandsocieties.

• Wecallforfresh,ongoingeffortstoequipandlaunchwealthcreatorstothatveryend.

• Wecallwealthcreatorstoperseverance,diligentlyusingtheirGod-givengiftstoserveGodandpeople.

AdmaioremDeigloriam—ForthegreatergloryofGod

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ExecutiveSummary:WealthCreationandStewardshipofCreation

Thecareofcreationisonewithwealthcreation,andwealthcreationiskeyinstewardingcreation.First,intentionallystewardingtheirbusinessesfollowingthecreationmandate,wealthcreatorswitnessChrist’sloveforhiscreationtoothers,andpresagescreation’sfullrestoration.Second,wealthcreatorscanapplytheirinnovationandingenuitytomeettheenvironmentalchallengesweface.Wealthcreatorsrealizeenvironmentalstewardshipisaspiritualexercise.Itisareconversiontoconservation.Itisaspiritualbattleagainsttheforcesofgreedandselfishnesswithweaponsofgracethroughthecreationofwealthforthecommongood.Seeingcreationasgood,realizingcreationisnotourstoownbuttosteward,realizingwehavebeencommandedtoworkthegroundandprosperfromitsfruits,givesustheperspectiveofloveasweuseallthetalentsGodhasgiven.Thebasicbiblicalpremiseforman’sinteractionwithcreationandcreationwithdignifiedworkisclear.Inthebeginning,Godworkedtomakehiscreation.2WeacknowledgehimasCreator.Hiscreativeworkgaveustheresources‘toworkitandkeepit’(Gen1:15).Wearestewards.Ithadbeengiventousasagoodgifttouseandcarefor.Acreationstewardseesbusinessasawebofrelationships,notalinearprogression.Thepremiseofthiswebcomesfromanecologicalunderstandingofeverythingbeingrelatedtoeverythingelse.Thispaperisacalltoaction.ItisacalltoactionforChristianstoleadthechargeincreationcare,tobringbackhopetothedebateofenvironmentalstewardship.Itisacalltocollaboratewithallpeopleofgoodwilltotakecareofourcommonhome.Itisacalltoorganizescientistsandwealthcreatorstoworktogethertoprovidesolutionsforenvironmentalproblems.Itisacalltoprovidepracticalguidelinestohelpwealthcreatorstoruntheirbusinessesandpersonallifeasenvironmentalstewards.

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WealthCreationandStewarshipofCreation:ThemesandIssues

MarkPoletandFrancisTsui31.0IntroductionWealthcreationstartswiththerichprovisionthatGodhasgiven.Thecreationofwealthcannottakeplaceattheexpenseoftheenvironment.Indeed,aswealthcreatorswearecommandedtobefruitful(Gen1:28)4,nottoexploit.Wealldependoncreation.Wearestewardsofitasweengageinthevalue-addingprocessesofinnovation,business,andwealthcreationwhileminimizingdamagetotheenvironment.Indeed,ourchallengeandcommandistorestoreit.Thischapterexaminestwokeyareas.

• Creationcareisnotoptional.Environmentalstewardshipisagodlycommandandanintegralpartofwealthcreationthroughbusiness.

• Wealthcreatorsarecalledtousetheirskills,creativity,andresourcestoaddresssomeoftheworld’senvironmentalandsustainabilitychallenges,andtoparticipateinGod’srestorationofcreation.

Thispaperisdividedintothreesections:abriefdiscussionofthebiblicalbasisofcreationcareasitrelatestoworkandwealthcreation(Section3);acallforintentionalstewardshipwithinallbusinesses,(Section4);andacallforinnovationforwealthcreatorstoseewheretheiruniquegiftscanmeetenvironmentalneedsandachievesustainabledevelopment(Section5).2.0AbriefreviewofthebiblicalbasisofcreationcareThebasicbiblicalpremiseforman’sinteractionwithcreationandcreationwithdignifiedworkisclear.Inthebeginning,Godworkedtomakehiscreation.5WeacknowledgehimasCreator.Hiscreativeworkgaveustheresources‘toworkitandkeepit’(Gen1:15).Thatwearestewards,notowners,isclearlyestablishedinthecreationmandateinGenesis1:28,wherewereceivebothblessingsandcommandstobefruitfulstewards.Creationisnotours,itisGod’s.Ithadbeengiventousasagoodgifttouseandcarefor.Itisoursforaseason,evenwhenmanagedasprivateproperty.Withpropertyorresourcerightscomestheresponsibilityofprimarystewardofthatresource.Ourbiblicalbasissetsusapartfromotherswhoareconcernedabouttheenvironment.

• WeworshiptheCreator,notthecreated.Westandagainstpantheismandearth-

worship,knowingweworkinGod’sgarden.• Weseeenvironmentalstewardshipasaspiritualbattle.Whiletheworldhasbeen

madecorruptthroughsin,ithasbeenrestoredthroughChrist.• Weareresponsibleforthegenerationsfollowing.Wedonotbelieveinnihilismor

existentialism;webelieveintheeternalprovidenceofGod.

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• Weliveheretobeasolutionandtoencouragepeopletoacceptsalvation.• Wearenotfearmongers;wearefearlessandcourageous(Josh1:9).Aswealth

creators,werelyondatatomakeourKingdombusinessdecisions.• WeembodythepersonofChristinthewaywegoaboutourworkandserviceof

creationcare.Wegobeyondwordsandact,butalwaysasanambassadorofChrist.• Inthecreationcarecommunity,thereisroomfortheprophet,whopointsoutthe

environmentalchallengesandopportunitiesweface;thepriest,whogivesusthetheologicalbasisforouractions,alwaysbringingusbacktothecreationmandateandtherestoredcreationthroughJesus;andtheking,thewealthcreatorandotherswhoacttoexecutethemandate.

GodisseenthroughhisBookofCreation(Rom1:20).TomarthatbookistotakeawayitsvaluetoshowGodtotheworld.Creationitselfgroansasitissetfreefromthebondageofcorruptionintoredemptionalongwithus(Rom8:20-22),untilitsfinalrestoration(Rev22:1-5).Corruptionisinpartmanifestedbythepollutioncausedbyman’sactivities.WhenwewalkedwithGodinthegarden,wehadeverything.Workwasworship.Placedinthegardentoworkandbehisstewards,careoftheenvironmentisasoldascreationitself.Caringforcreationthroughourbusinessesshouldbeasnaturalasbreathing.2.1ConfessionWhensinentered,povertyentered.Thegreatestsinforawealthcreatorispovertyofthought.Thatpovertycausesthewealthcreatortofocusonlyonthefinancialresults,attheexpenseofpeopleandtheplanet.Wetirethesoil,striptheland,sullythelandandwater,allinthenameofprofit,ratherthanrunningourbusinessinthenameofourFather.Environmentaldegradationstartswithpollutionofthemind.AsWendellBerrysays,

Ourdestructionofnatureisnotjustbadstewardship,orstupideconomics,orabetrayaloffamilyresponsibility;itisthemosthorridblasphemy.ItisflingingGod’sgiftinto(h)isface,asifthereisnoworthtothembeyondthatassignedtothembyourdestructionofthem.6

WeconfessoursinandweaknessofthoughtandgraspthesavingrestorativegraceofforgivenessthroughJesusChrist(Rom8).2.2RedemptionAsaredeemedpeople,welookforwardtoarestoredcreationandtheeliminationofpoverty,toanabundantlife,(John10:10).Afairdistributionofwealthincludesafairdistributionofenvironmentalresources.Weareapeopleofhope,anddeterminedtoexpressthathopeinarecommitmenttoproperstewardship.WecelebratetheprovisionGodhasgiven;hehasgivenustheincrease,theabilityandtheresourcestocreatewealth(1Cor3:6-7).Wegivehimallthegloryandworshipthroughourwork.Ourworktowardsarestoredcreationnowpresagesthenewheavenandnewearth,(Rev22:1-5).

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2.3OutreachWerageattheactsofmanincorruptingtheair,waterandland.WearedeterminedtorestoreGod’sgoodearth.WeareopentoworkwithmenandwomenofpeaceofallfaithstorestoretheenvironmentandcelebrateGod’sabundantprovision.Insodoing,wemustrememberweoftenstartfromaverydifferentplacethanothersconcernedfortheenvironment.WehonortheCreator;wetakejoyincreation.Wedonotworshipthecreated.E.O.Wilson,averywellrespectedsecularscientist,isanexampleofthosewhoarereachingbacktous.Inaninterviewonhisbook,TheCreation7,hesays,‘Secular-basedscience...extend(s)thehandoffriendship(toreligiousbelievers)andtosay,mayweforgetforawhileourmetaphysicaldifferencesandtheculturewar,putthemaside,andmeetonthiscommongroundofsavingthecreation.’8PopeFrancisresponds,‘Now,facedaswearewithglobalenvironmentaldeterioration,Iwishtoaddresseverypersonlivingonthisplanet.’9WefollowGod’spersonalitythroughearthkeepingandcultivating.Caringfortheenvironmentalsoallowsforanopeningtosharethegospelofthosewhocarefortheplanet.3.0IntentionalstewardshipAlongwiththespiritual,financial,andsocialbottomline,theenvironmentalbottomlineisanintegralmeasureofaGod-centeredsuccessfulbusiness.Thesubjectofthisseriesiswealthcreationforholistictransformation.TheworkofwealthcreatorsincludessharingtheGoodNewsofsalvationthroughJesus,improvingthefinancialwellbeingofsocietyandthestaffwithintheircompanies,providingthedignityofworkandthestabilitythatensuesfrommeaningfullongtermemployment,developingasocietywhereweloveeachotherasweloveourselves,andprovidingthecleanenergy,water,airandlandonwhichwelive.ThewealthcreatoracknowledgesthisinextricablylinkedwebofrelationshipwithChrist,societyandcreation.Environmentalstewardship,then,isnotanadd-on.Itisnotpartofamarketingplanto‘lookgood’.ItisaGod-givencommandtostewardhiscreation.Byaffirmingone’sbusinessandpassionforwealthcreationasanimportantpartofthebusinessecologyandaninstrumentinmeetingtheculturalmandate,creationwillberestoredandopportunitiesforwealthcreationwillbeseen.Eachbusinessrunbywealthcreatorshasaspecialty,aGod-gift,andpointsofexcellencethatcanbeappliedtoapressingenvironmentalissue.Atransportationcompanycanworkoninnovativefuelefficiencyandimprovetransportationofneededmedicines.Arestaurantcansourceitsfoodstockswithcare,10andreducefoodwastebysupportingthefoodbankwithexcess,thencompostingtherest.Anofficecaninstallpassivecooling,energyefficientlightingandprovideincentivestoreducecommutingorincreasetheuseoflesspollutingtransportfortheiremployees.Companieshavetheadvantageofscaleandresourcestodomuchgoodquickly.Environmentaldisciplineisfinancialdiscipline

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(conservationofresources),socialdiscipline(respectoflocalcommunitiesandtheresourcesundertheirstewardship),andspiritualdiscipline(obeyingGod’scommandmenttostewardtheearth).Thebottomlinesareintegralandaresplitintofourforconvenience,butnotinpractice.Acompanyisnottrulyprofitableuntilitaffectsapositivereturnineachbottomline.Stewardshipisintentionalandrequiresdisciplinetocarryitout.Sustainablelivingisto‘aimforafull,justandresponsibleenjoymentoftheamazinggiftsthatourgenerousGodhasprovidedforus.’113.1EverybusinessisanenvironmentalbusinessSinceenvironmentaldisciplineisintegralinanybusinesscommittedtorunwithexcellence,everybusinessisanenvironmentalbusiness.Theapplicationoftheinterconnectedstrategiesofpollutionprevention,productstewardshipandsustainabledevelopmentisessential.12Allbusinessesaffecttheenvironmentfromwheretheyextracttheirresourcesandwheretheydepositthematerials(andwaste)theyproduce.Theworkofoneenvironmentalconsultantaloneserved23industrysectorsinhelpingthemmeettheirenvironmentalrequirements.13Thisworkfoundtheintegrationofenvironmentaldisciplineandfinancialdisciplinewasanalmostone-to-onecorrelation.Ifthesitewasamess,theaccountingwasamess.Wealthcreators,whatevertheirbusinessis,actascreationstewardstorestorecreationbecauseitisGod’scommand,notjusttofulfillregulatoryobligationsorforpublicrelations.3.2HowtochooseandwhatarewemeasuringagainstAsstewards,wehavebeengivenagreatdealofautonomytodecidewhatwouldbethemostappropriatecourseindecidingwhatisbestforthebusinessinitsenvironment.Thechallengeofmeetingallfourbottomlinesisconsiderable.WhileBAMGlobal’sCreationCareConsultationTeamwillbediggingdeeperintodecisiontrees,developingmetricsandtoolstoassisttheBAMbusiness,someprinciplescanbediscussedhere.3.2.1RegulatorycomplianceWealthcreatorscomplywiththeregulations.Sadly,insomejurisdictions,thisputsthematashort-termdisadvantageagainsttheircompetitors.Theissueisnottheregulationsthemselves;rather,itistheneedforequalapplicationandfairenforcement.Ifregulationsareinconsistentlyenforced,alessupstandingcompetitormayrealizeshort-termprofitscomparedtoawealthcreator’scompliantenterprise.However,wearecalledto,asmuchaspossible,liveatpeacewithallmen(Rom12:8).Romans13:1-3and1Peter2:13-17continueswithguidanceonhowtorespectauthorities.Wealthcreatorsleadtheway.3.2.2AgoodstewardunderdifferenteconomicsystemsThischapterdoesnotopineonwhateconomicsystemismostbiblical.Broadlyspeaking,theaccesstoresourcesintoday’sworldisorganizedthroughacombinationofprivatepropertyrights,statecontrol,ormanagementofthecommons.TheauthorshavewitnessedsitesinNorthAmericawhoseprivateownersshownoregardfortheirleakingundergroundgasolinetankscontaminatingtheirsiteandtheirneighbours’property.Wehaveseenovergrazed

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pasturelandsincentralAsiawhereneighbourshaveoverexploitedthecommonland,causingerosionandlossofproductivity.Wehavechokedonairfouledwithparticulatematterincountriesrunbythestate.Wehavealsoseenprivatecompaniesworkingonpubliclandsrestoringminesintoproductive,ecologicallystable,lakes.WehavewitnessedthestaterestoreriverstohealthinEurope.Wehaveseennot-for-profitorganizationsandprivatecorporationscombinetoprovideinnovativecompostingsolutions.‘Whatonecanobserveintheworld,however,isthatneitherthestatenorthemarketisuniformlysuccessfulinenablingindividualstosustainlong-term,productiveuseofnaturalresourcesystems.’14Whetherthewealthcreatorhasprivatepropertyundertheirstewardshiporusesresourcesmanagedascommons,theymustbe‘saltandlight’inmanagingsuchgifts,carefullymanagingthegardenofresourcesforwhichtheyhavebeengivenauthoritytomanage,tothegloryofGodandthebenefitofhumanity.3.2.3NotwoforonedealsOnedoesnotdeveloponeresourceandintheprocessdestroytwoothers.Ifonemustremoveastreamandforestedlandtoextractgravel,afterthegravelisused,onerestoresthelandtoitsequivalentproductivity.Theword‘equivalent’ratherthan‘original’isusedintentionally.Rebuildinganecosystemtoitsoriginalcapabilityisdifficult:changesinsoilandhydrologicalcharacteristicsalonecausedbyresourceextractionmakeitverychallengingtore-establishthepreviousecosystem.However,puttingthelandbacktowhereexistingspeciescanflourishisawell-developedart.3.2.4JubileeandjoyItisnotalldrudgerybeingacreationsteward.Wetakejoyinthegarden.Justaswegloryinrelationships,especiallywhenwewitnessGodbringingsomeonetohimself,justaswelikeaprofitablebottomline,wecantakejoyincreation,whetheritismarvelingataremarkablevista,orgreeningyourbusinesspremiseswithflora.3.2.5Risk,probabilityvs.consequence‘Wedonotliveinarisklessuniverse....Therealchallengeintheenvironmentalsituationistothinkthroughwhichriskstoaffordandwhatrisksarenotpermissibleandwheretodrawtheline.’15Nowthatthewealthcreatorapproacheshisownbusinessandnewopportunitieswithanunderstandingofallbottomlines,riskmanagementtoolsthathelpbalanceresponsesbasedonprobability(thechanceofsomethinghappening)andconsequence(theseverityoftheevent)willhelpleadthewealthcreatortotheappropriatedecision.SometoolsareintroducedintheSelfDirectedAuditsection.3.2.6ValueandresidualimpactsInmorecomplexprojects,valuedecosystemcomponentsareidentifiedaspartofthebusinessplanningcycle.Suchcomponents,whethersocial,structural,orenvironmentalareanelegantwayofwalkingthroughone’splanningcycleandunderstandingthebusinessenvironmentinwhichthewealthcreatorisdeterminedtolook.3.2.7Thethinredline

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Decisionsinenvironmentalstewardshipareoftenascomplexastheecologythosedecisionsaretryingtoprotect.However,thereisoneinstancewherealineshouldnotbecrossed,andthatiswhengeneticdiversitywouldbelost,eitherinthelossofaspeciesorthelossifauniqueecosystem.Oncethatgeneticmaterialisgone,itisgoneforever.ItislikerippingabookoutofthepageofGod’sBookofCreation,nevertobereadagain.Asisdiscussedelsewhere,‘Everyextinctionisalossofpotentialsolution.’163.3AnecologicalbasistobusinessWhatdoestheworkofacreationstewardlooklike?Acreationstewardseesbusinessasawebofrelationships,notalinearprogression.Thepremiseofthiswebcomesfromanecologicalunderstandingofeverythingbeingrelatedtoeverythingelse.Totakethisparallelfurther,‘theenvironmentofananimal’,forinstance,‘consistsofeverythingthatmightinfluenceitschancetosurviveandreproduce.17’Thesamepremiseappliestoabusinessintermsofitsabilitytosurviveandreproduce.Thisapproachinbusinessbreaksopentwoopportunities.3.3.1FillinginthenicheInanecosystem,bareareasoramissingaspectofafoodchainarefilledinbyanorganismthattakesadvantageofthegap.Ifthereisbareearth,eventuallyaseedfromaplantadaptedtodisruptionwillfallthereandgrow.Thesameinbusiness.Bytakinganecologicalapproachtomarketanalysis,abusinesspersoncanseeagapintheeconomicwebofhismarket,andfillit.Theycanalsoseewhereweedsfillinwherethegoodseedshouldbe.Inthewebofthings,ifgoodseedsarenotsewn,badweedswillfillinanygaps(Matt13:24-30).Thebadseeds,forexample,deforestation,thesextrade,unsustainableconsumption,andillegalresourceextraction,areevident.Businesspersonsoffaithcanhelpweedoutthesebadseeds.Deforestationcanbehaltedbyprovidingalternativesourcesoffuelandinnovativeagriculturepractices.Thetemptationtoenterthesextradecanbereducedbyprovidingdignifiedworkalternativestotheparticipants.Illegalresourceextractioncanbereplacedwiththoughtful,plannedinitiativesthathonortheCreatoroftheresourcesinthefirstplace.‘Bareareas’aremoredifficulttosee,butexamplesincludethelackofavailableelectricityandthelackofinternet.Countriesarelookingforinnovativewaystoconnecttheirpeoples.Canada,forinstancehassetauniversalbroadbandgoalof50Mbsandunlimiteddata.18Buildingandrestoringadistributedenergylociandrobustenergygridisaworldwideopportunity.Opportunitiesexistintheseandmanyotherareasforwealthcreatorstocreatevaluewhileprovidingservicesthathaveanimplicitsocialgood.‘Inthedynamicprocessesoflife,theoveralltrendhasbeentowardsincreasingdiversityandcomplexity,’19Wealthcreatorsareadmirablysuitedtoseethesubtlenichesthatareavailablewheretheycanaddvalue.3.3.2WebofrelationshipTheecologicalapproachalsoacknowledgeswebsofrelationship.Abusinessinfluencesandisinfluencedbyacentrumofdirectlyactingcomponentswithinawebofindirectlyactingcomponentsinanalmostinfinitebranchingchain.20Byhonoringallthosethatdobusiness

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withone,whetherinthesupplychainorperipheraltoit,onecanseizetheopportunityfordiscipleshipandspreadingtheLight.Inecology,everylivingthingreliesoneverythingelse.Thesamegoesinbusiness.Businesspersonsoffaithacknowledgethateveryclient,everyworker,everysupplier,eveneverycompetitororbureaucratisapreciousandbelovedcreationofGod.Wearecommandedtoloveourneighbor(Luke10:27),indeedtoloveourenemy(Matt5:43-45).Thewealthcreatedisthewealthofrelationship.Inaddition,awealthcreator’spurchasingpowercanbeaforceofdisciplineandgoodinraisingthequalityofhissupplychain.Wherepossible,purchasingfrommenandwomenofpeace,whostriveforgoodworkplacepractices,reducedcorruption,andenvironmentalintegrityrewardthosewhotheythemselvesstrivetobegoodstewards.Thesesamebusinesspersonsacknowledgethatcreationisgood(Gen1:10ff)andbelongstotheLord(Ps24:1).InGod’shandisthelifeofeverycreatureandthebreathofallmankind(Job12:10).ThegardenthatistheEarthneedstobeworkedandcaredforcarefully.WhengoodstewardsconsidertheworkofGod’shands,theyarefilledwithaweatthewonderandbountyofGod’screation(Ps8:3).Incontrast,thosewhoforgetthesewondrousworks(Ps106:7)bringgriefatthedespoliationofGod’screation.Naturalecosystemsaretoughplaces,whethermadesobytheconsequencesofsin,21orstrongselectionandenvironmentalpressures.Businessecologyisdifficultaswell.Therearemany‘weeds’ofcorruptionandunfaircompetitionworkingtoinvadethegardenofthewealthcreator’sbusiness.Thewealthcreatormustworkdiligentlytotendtheirgarden,removetheweeds,bestrongandcourageous(Josh1:9),anddiligent.Thewealthcreatormuststandagainstsuchpractices,whilelovingtheirenemy.TimWeinholdtakesthegardenmetaphorfurther.Beyondtheweedsofcorruptionandunfaircompetition,thereistheneedtotendandsustainthegardenwitheffort,continuousinvestmentandrenewal.223.4CircularsupplychainOneofthegreatestnegativeimpactsofbusinessonecosystemsstemsfromalinearapproachtothesupplychain.Alinearapproachimpliesthatsomecostsareexternalized.Naturalresourcesareconsideredfree;wasteproductsaredepositedwithoutconcernforthereceivingenvironment.Buttherearenoexternalities.UsingtheresourcesinthesupplychainwithcareandanacknowledgingthateverythingcomesfromtheFatherandreturnstohimisparamount.Alinearapproachleadsonetofocusonthetreeratherthantheforest.Weacknowledgethecomplexrelationshipsofbusinesssystemsandecosystemsandworkwithinthatframework.Aspartofthestewardshipmandate,wecannotassumethewater,land,air,andbiologicalresourcesweusearefree.Theyarenot.Noneoftheseresourcesarelimitless,andtheircarefuluseisasignofbusinessexcellence.Wecanalsonotdumpwasteandtoxinsontheland,intheair,orinthewaterbecauseitisnotourland,water,andairtocompromise.

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Contaminatingthewaterabusinessmayneedtoreusedoesnotmakeanybusinesssense.Wealthcreatorsdonotwastewealth,theystewardtheseresourcescarefully.Theydonotseewaste;theyseeaproductforwhichtheyneedtofindamarket.Takingcareofthepeopleinone’ssupplychainisahighformofdiscipleship.BecauseeveryoneinthesupplychainisapreciouscreationofGod,thewealthcreator’streatmentofthemassuchisanaturalextensionofhisorherfaith.Wedonotpossessivelycontrolproductionorconsumption;wepartnerandcollaborate.Anotheradvantagetoseeingthebusinesssettingasacircularsupplychainistoseenewbusinessopportunitiesalongthechain,providinganopportunityforverticalmarketing.Severalsemi-quantitativetools(seethesectiononSelfDirectedAuditbelowforanexample)areavailabletoassistthewealthcreatorinconsciouslythinkingofthebenefitsandaffectsabusinessornewtechnologycanbring.Whilethosetoolswillbediscussedinasubsequentwork,thewealthcreatorischallengedheretothinkdeliberatelyabouttheirownsupplychainandtheircontributiontoarestoredcreation.Thewealthcreatorwillseebenefits,thoughadmittedlythoseareseenmereinsophisticatedeconomiesthanmoredevelopingones,asotherfirmsinthesupplychainprefertodobusinesswithenvironmentallycompliantproducers.23ArepresentationofacircularsupplychainisgiveninFigure1below.Examplesofcompaniesthatareapplyingthecircularsupplychainmodeleffectivelyarewritteninsections4.6and5.5.3.1below.

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Figure1:Circularsupplychain

Weinholdhelpsfocusthelifecycleanalysisbyidentifyingsixconstituenciesorstakeholdersawealthcreator’senterpriseshouldbless:customers,employees,supplychain,hostcommunities,naturalenvironmentandsociety.24

God’s Creation

Raw Inputs• Biological• Chemical• Physical

Suppliers

Customers

Business

Products

Lifecycle Analysis

Improved Relationships

Improved Business

Improved Revenue

Not destroying two resources to extract one

Reduced contamination

Efficient use of inputs

Efficient use of energy

Reduced waste

Increased inputs

Clean reused inputs

End of product life return cycle Alternative use

of products

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3.5VerdantsurplusWearecommandedtobestewardsofGod’screation.Partofthatmightbeanactualgreeningofone’sworkplace.Withtheincreasingurbanizationoftheplanet,carbonsequesteringandbeautycanbeachievedbycoveringrooftops,walls,andindustrialwithvegetation.Unusedareascanbeturnedintogardensorrobustecotypes.Plannedshadingandnaturalventilationcanreduceairconditioninguse;insulationreducesheatingburdens.Rainwaterharvestingandgreywaterusemakesforwaterutilizationefficiencies.Ourchallengeistoreplacegreywithgreen.Withincreasingurbanizationanddesertification,wearelosinggreenatanalarmingrate.Urbanizationhasdoubled,with66percentofthepopulationanticipatedtobelivingincitiesin2050,while30percentlivedincitiesin1950.25Someofthosecitieshavebecomesopollutedastobeaburdentothehealthoftheirinhabitants.Morethan80percentofpeoplelivinginurbanareasthatmonitorairpollutionareexposedtoairqualitylevelsthatexceedtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)limits.Whileallregionsoftheworldareaffected,populationsinlow-incomecitiesarethemostimpacted.26Ononedayin2016,Chinadeclaredasmogemergencyin24northeasterncities,cancellingflights,shuttingdowninstitutionsandcurbingroadtraffic.27Duetodroughtanddesertificationeachyear,12millionhectaresarelost(23hectares/minute),where20milliontonsofgraincouldhavebeengrown.28Theimpactonwaterqualityandquantity,airquality,andontheland’sproductivecapacityisalarming.Trees,greenspaceandvegetationcanattenuateurbanheatstressandreducetemperaturebyupto13Ccomparedtofullsunlight.Greenroofscanreduceenergyuseby10percent.29Imaginethen,ifculturedspaceslikehomes,streets,business,andpublicinstitutionswereturnedgreenagain.Wealthcreatorshaveacriticalroleinvalue-addedVerdantSurplusdevelopment,whetheritisverticalfarms,rooftopgardens,integratedfarming,aquaponics,orotherformsofurbanfarming.Thisistheonecasewheremoneydoesindeedgrowontrees.OurworldisportendingwhatRevelationsaysofgoingfromthegardentotheCity.ItshouldberememberedthatinthemiddleoftheCityofGodisagarden,thetreeoflifeandthebraidedriver.3.6BusinesspeopleasnaturalconserversBusinesspeoplearenaturalconservers,practicedattheefficientuseofresources.Wealthcreatorsabhorwaste.BecauseoftheaweandrespectwehaveforGodtheCreator,wehumblystewardhiscreation,(Ps8).Ascreationstewards,wealthcreatorsacknowledgetheresourcesgiventoourbusinessarevaluedgifts.Everywealthcreatorshouldlookcriticallyatthefrontendofthesupplychaintoensuretheyarereplacingtheresourcestheyareusinginwaterandbiomass,andusingthemefficiently.Efficientuseofresourcesissoundbusinesssenseaswellassoundenvironmentalsense.ForOasisCoffins,itisadeliberateapproachtoreplaceandregrowthebambootheyuseintheirproducts,30notonlyconservingtheenvironment,butalsoensuringcontinuedaccesstothisimportantresource.ForPankayPancholi,itwasturningeggshellsthatwerenormallythrownawayinhisJustEggbusiness

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intoavaluablenewproductasfillermaterialforvariousplasticstomakethemmorehardwearing.31Businesspeoplemusttakebackleadershipasconserversandre-creators.Creationcareistooprecious,tooholy,tobelefttodoomsayersandnihilists,whethersecularorthoseChristiansthatsaywedonotneedtocarebecauseJesusiscomingsoonandwillreplacethecurrentworldwithhis.Wearequicklylosingspeciesandecosystems,whichmeansalossofpotentialcreationofwealth.‘Everyextinctionisalossofpotentialsolutions.Itisaneconomicproblem,aswellasanethicalchallenge’.32Aswealthcreators,wewouldseesuchawasteofpotentialsolutionsasegregious.Atthesametimeaswealthcreatorsrestoreurbanenvironments,theyarepassionateleadersinthemaintenanceofintegralnaturalecosystems.WealthcreatorswhofollowJesusknowstherearenottodefinetheirneighbouras‘theother’,butinsteadcollaboratewithgovernmentandnot-for-profitgroupstoaddressbehavioralandinstitutionalaspectsofsustainabledevelopment,aswellasthetechnical.Wealthcreatorsknowthateverythingisrelatedtoeverythingelse,andthereforeknowthatnaturalsystemsneedtobemaintainedintheirinterwovencomplexity,justlikebusinesssystemsdo.Oneconcernisthatsome(notall)intheenvironmentalindustry,bothprivateandNGOs,areself-serving,moreinterestedinafinanciallineorpreservingfundingthanthetruth,empiricaldata,andarestoredcreation.Wealthcreators,ontheotherhand,knowthatgooddataisimportant.Theydemandgoodfinancialdataandthesamerigorinreviewingenvironmentalfactsandtheenvironmentalmarket.WealthcreatorsareservantstotheCreator,notself-servingpreserversofaflimsy,poorlydefended,andbiasedpointofview.Agoodexampleofaskeweddebateisthediscussiononenergyderivedbyfossilfuelversusotherformsofrenewableorbiofuelenergy.Thisdebateisoftenviewedasaneither/orconflict.Itisnot.BothfossilfuelsandtheotherformsofenergyaregiftsfromGod,andweacknowledgehimforthem.Ourproblemisnotthegift;itishowweusethem.ThecurrentpollutioncrisesincitieslikeBeijingorDelhidemandalternativestoexcessiveuseoffossil-fuelderivedenergy,andmuchmoreefficientcombustionofsuchfuelsaswellasbetterpollutioncontrolintheiruse.Buttothreatentotakeawaytheenergy-denseadvantageoffossilfuelsfromatruckerbringingfoodstuffstopeoplewhoneedthefoodisprofoundlydisturbing.3.7Sustainabilityandlong-termprofitsAninordinatefocusonshort-termprofitscanbeconsideredidolatrous.Buildingasustainablecompanymeansbuildinganorganizationthatendures,providesanavenueforloveintheworkplace,stableemployment,richersocieties,andalonger-termviewofprotectingthesurroundingenvironment.Weareaneternalpeople.Wehavetheadvantageofthelongview.Wearearedeemedpeople,andinthatredemptiveprocess,weaswealthcreatorsrestorecreation.

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Acompanyisnotprofitableifitcausesexcessiveenvironmentaldegradation;itsbalancesheetmightlookallrightfinancially,butithasnotcountedallitscostsontheplanetandthepeople.Wealthcreatorsknowthatthefourbottomlines—spiritual,environmental,social,andfinancial—areinterwoven.Wealthcreatorsarethosethatplantsufficientfortheirownneeds,butalsoplantmorethantheycanharvesttoshare(thegleaningrule).Toincorporateenvironmentalstewardshipintobusinessisnoteasy,andtoseetheopportunitiesincreatingenvironmentalsolutionsisnoteasy.Butwealthcreatorscanworkhard.Wealthcreatorsstriveforexcellenceinallaspectsofwealthcreation:creatingsocialcapital,sustainableandprofitablecompanies,spiritualawakening,andenvironmentalrestoration.FranklinD.Rooseveltisquotedassaying,‘Nobusinesswhichdependsforexistenceonpayinglessthanlivingwagestoitsworkershasanyrighttocontinueinthiscountry.’33Thecorollaryappliesinrespectingtheenvironment.Ifbusinesstakesmorethanitgives,ordestroystworesourcestoexploitone,itdoesnotdeservetosurvive.Firmsthatgobeyondregulatoryrequirementsandfocusonpreventionmaynotexpectgreaterreturnsthanthosefirmsthatfocusonmerecomplianceorend-of-pipemethods.Butbothtypesoffirmsstillperformbetterfinanciallythannon-compliantfirms.34Caringforcreationisintheinterestofwealthcreation.TranscendCoffee,forinstance,knowsthatenvironmentalsustainabilityandcorporatesocialresponsibilityareimportant,butforcoffeetobetrulysustainable,‘the(industry)need(s)toofferfirstandforemostfinancialsustainabilitytothosewhogrowcoffee....Theissuesmostpressingatcoffeeoriginarelabourshortagesandtheeffectsofclimatechange.Withthatsaid,bothimportantissueshaveattheirheart,alackoffinancialresource,whichplacesmostproducersinseriousjeopardyofcontinuingtheirwayoflife.’35Areasthatrelyonnon-renewableextractionaredesperateformoresustainableeconomicactivitiesthattakestheextremesoutoftheboom-bustcycle.36Thiscycleoftenleavesalargereclamationdeficit.374.0InnovativestewardshipWealthcreatorsarebynatureinnovatorsanddisruptors.Thissectiondiscusseshowtheycanbringthisenergytosolvingsomeofthemoreintractableeconomic,social,environmentalandspiritualchallengesofourday.4.1AvenuesofinnovationSignificantchallengesfacehumankindandthecreationfromwherewedrawourearthlylife.Whetheritisaddressingpollution,desertification,shortagesormisallocationofresources,businesspersonscanbringtheirGod-giventalentstolovethepeopleofthisearthandrestorecreationthroughinnovativebusinessideas.‘Natureisalibraryofpatentsandideas.’38PeterF.Druckersaysweneedresultsnottalk,andthoseresultswillcomefromtheprudentapplicationoftechnology.‘Foreverysingleenvironmentaltaskaheadofusrequires

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technologyandaboveallsystematicandpurposefuldirectionoftechnologyalmostbeyondanythingwehaveeverseen.’39Wealthcreatorsareaction-orientedandtechnology-focused.TheCornwallDeclarationsummarizestheconvergenceoffull-lifecyclethinkingandtechnicalinnovation:‘Weaspiretoaworldinwhichadvancementsinagriculture,industry,andcommercenotonlyminimizepollutionandtransformmostwasteproductsintoefficientlyusedresourcesbutalsoimprovethematerialconditionsoflifeforpeopleeverywhere.’40OnesourceofideasforwealthcreationaretheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)generatedbytheUnitedNations.41Thesubsetofthegoalslistedbelowgiveoneanindicationoftheopportunitiesforwealthcreatorstoaddvalue.Opportunitiesforsustainablevalue-addedenterprisesabound,andsomesuggestionsarelistedintheright-handcolumn.Thislistisnotcomprehensive,butisintendedtospurinterestintheopportunitiesavailableasweworktogetherontheseSustainableDevelopmentGoals.

Table1:WealthcreationopportunitiesinresponsetoSustainableDevelopmentGoalsSustainableDevelopmentGoal

Wealthcreationopportunities

Endpoverty AllbusinessprovidingdignifiedworkAchievefoodsecurity IntegratedagricultureEnsurehealthylives Medicalclinics,medicalsupplyinitiativesProvidequalityeducation PrivateschoolswithlowentrycostsAchievegenderequality InnovativeandfairhiringpracticesEnsureadequateandsustainablewatersupply

Wastewatertreatment;watertreatment;waterreduction,recovery,andrecycling;innovativewaterconservation

Accesstoenergy Low-impactpowersolutions,wireinfrastructure,distributednetworksincludingsmall-scalerenewableenergyprojects

Buildresilientinfrastructure Civilconstruction,civilengineeringReduceinequality Innovativeandfairhiringpractices,establishing

businessesindistressedareasMakecitiesandhumansettlementssustainable

Civilconstruction,civilengineering,landscapeandecologicaldesignservices,distributedandlocalsolutionsinenergyandwater

Ensuresustainableconsumptionandproduction

Supplychainmanagement

Combatclimatechange Engineeredsolutions,pollution-controlinitiativesConserveandsustaintheoceans

Ecotourismspecificallysensitivetothelocalecologytheycelebrate

Protect,restoreandsustainablyuseterrestrialecosystems

Ecotourismspecificallysensitivetothelocalecologytheycelebrate

Promotesustainabledevelopment

Sustainableagriculturewithefficientwateruseandcropsappropriateforlocalconditions

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Threegreatneedsstandout:cleanwater,cleanairandcleanpower.Inmuchofthe10/40world,thesecommoditiesareintermittentlyavailableornotavailableatall.AswellastheinnovativesolutionsgiveninSection00below,technologieslikemicro-hydroandlow-impactenergysolutionsneedtobedevelopedbywealthcreators.42Chinaaloneisplanningtoinstallanadditional130gigawattsofwindandsolarpowerby2020andmakingbigbetsonnuclearpower,hopingtosatisfymuchofthefuturegrowthinhouseholdelectricitydemand.43Theyear2016wasthefirstyearthatinstallingsolarpanelsbecamecheaperthatcomparableinvestmentincoalornaturalgas,andtwothirdsoftheworldwillreach‘gridparity’withinafewyears,evenwithoutsubsidies.Butbarrierstoinvestmentremainintheformofregulatoryuncertaintyandconservativefinancialinstitutionsthatstillhavenotdefinedanassetclass.44Carboncaptureaspartofalargerairpollutioncontrolimpetusisanothernecessarytechnology.45Over750millionpeoplehavenoaccesstoimprovedwater.46Wealthcreatorsneedtocompletethesupplychainforforwardthinkinginitiativeslikethesetosucceed,whilerememberingtotakeresponsibilityfortheentiresupplychain,includingtheamountandhazardoftheir‘waste’products.WealthcreatorsaredesperatelyneededtomeetthisSustainableDevelopmentGoal.NoneoftheSDGsabovewillbeachievedbytalkingaboutthem;theywillbeachievedbywealthcreatorsfillingintheneededbusinessniche.‘Opportunityismissedbymostpeople,’saidThomasEdison,‘becauseitisdressedinoverallsandlookslikework.’47Thelistofpotentialopportunitiesaboveisbynomeansexhaustive;ratherthelistisintendedasacatalystforevenmoreinnovativeideas.Itishearteningtoknowsomelike-mindedfirmsarealreadytakingupthechallenge.Someofthosefirmsarementionedinthesectionsbelow.Otherexampleshavealreadybeengiveninthesectionsabove.Therestisuptoyou.4.2AcalltoChristianscientistsItwasmadeclearintheconsultationthatwhilethewealthcreatorsattendingwanttodotherightthing,helpisrequiredfromthosepracticedinthefieldofcreationcare.Christianscientistsandothersintheappliedprofessionscanhelpinatleastthreedistinctways.

1. Tointroduceenvironmentaltechnologiesandapproachesthathavebeenbench-testedandarestartingfieldtrials,thatwiththewealthcreator’sexpertisecanbebroughttofullproduction.

2. Toproviderigorousandexplicableenvironmentaldataatthesamelevelofqualityasthefinancialdatathatwealthcreatorsuse,sothattheycanmakethebestdecisions.

3. DevelopmetricstomeasureenvironmentalprogresswithintheBAMcontext.TheBAMGlobalCreationCareConsultationGrouphasagreedtotakethistaskon,butitneedshelpfromcapablepractitionersfromdifferenteconomicandgeometricspheres.

Thereisapressingneedforscientistsandengineers,andenvironmentalaccountantstojointheBAMmovementsothatBAMcompaniescanmeetallfourbottomlineswithexcellence

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andthatBAMfirmscanaddressthemostpressingenvironmentalneedsandsustainabledevelopmentgoalsprofitable.4.3TechnologicalleapfrogsWealthcreatorsaredisruptors.Bythinkingoutofconventionalpractices,theyfindnovelsolutionstotheenvironmentalchallengesweface.Forinstance,inPakistan,wheretheconventionalwesternsystemofcentralwastewatertreatmentisunaffordableanddifficulttoimplementonlayersofcomplexinfrastructure,authoritieshaveoptedfordistributedwastewatertreatment,whereeachnewdevelopmentisresponsiblefortreatingitswastewater.CompanieslikeNBS(section5.5.1.1below)andothershaveadaptedtomeetthisrequirement.Inmuchofthedevelopingworldwherecablesandtelephonelineswereinadequate,cellphonesleapfroggedoverlandlines.Frogscanjumpbackwardstoo,andtheydothingsbetterbybeingsimpler.TheWahiyaandZabbaleenofCairorecycle80percentofthewastetheycollect,usingdonkeycartsandhandsorting.48Oneofthemostadvancedandtechnicalwaste-managementsystemsintheworld,inEdmonton,Canada,divertsjustover50percentofhouseholdwastefromlandfills.49Revolutionsintheminiaturizationofpowerstorageandsampleextractioncouldmeanconventionallaboratoriescanbebypassedwithaccurateandprecisemeasurementsinthefield,improvingresponsetimesandreducingcostsinmanagingenvironmentalchange.4.4ModelsofinnovationThetypesofeconomicmodelsappliedtocreationcareareasvariedastheideaofbusinessecologyimplies.TeddyRoosevelt,achampionofentrepreneurship,stillsawtheneedtosetasidelandsinamyriadofnationalparksandforeststopreservenaturalresources.50Whatwascalledconservationinthenineteenthcenturyiscalledmaintainingenvironmentalintegrityinthetwenty-firstcentury.Tosomeextent,PresidentRoosevelt’sconservationresponsewastotheindustrialists’excessesofthelatenineteenthcenturyandearlytwentiethcenturywhoshowednounderstandingofenvironmentalstewardship.Thereisaneedtoconserveatleastecotypeswithminimizedsettlerorindustrialimpact.However,itcouldbearguedexcessiveecotypesterilizationiscountertotheculturalmandate.Anotheristheapplicationofprofitsfromonebusinesstoanotherentityrequiringenvironmentalimprovement.HUBCOisalargemulti-industrialfirmwithoperationsinPakistan,includingapowerplantinNarowal.TheyelectedtofundabioremediationsewagetreatmentplantinPoongvillageneartheirfacility.51Moredetailsareprovidedinsection5.5.1.1below.Thelastmodelisafor-profitmodel.Thefor-profitmodelisthemostsustainablebecausetheentitypropagatesitsownself-generatingvalue.Thekeytothismodelworkingfortheenvironmentandnotagainstitistoensureitappliesthefullcircularsupplychainmodel,executestheculturalmandateandseesitselfasacreationsteward.CompanieslikeOasisCoffinsshowhowthismodelcanwork.52Sayingthat,MartinOsserwardeaversgovernmentscanbepartnersinwealthcreationandsustainabledevelopment.53

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4.5ExamplesofinnovationCasestudiesgivenbelowcomplementtheexamplesgivenaboveaboutcompaniesthatareactingascreationstewardsandwealthcreators.4.5.1 Environmentalexcellenceintheurbanandindustrialenvironment4.5.1.1CaseStudy:NBSAninspiringexampleoftheapplicationofenvironmentalingenuitytosustainablewatermanagementinanurbanandvillageenvironmentisNanoBio-SolutionsPVTLtd.(NBS)innovativewastewatertreatmentknownasBioremediationSewageTreatment.NBSworksprimarilyinPakistan.Pakistan’sincreasingpopulationcombinedwithreducedwateravailabilityasclimatechangeimpactsthePunjabmeansthateverydropofwaterisused.Thismeansthatuntreatedsewagestoredinpondscontaminatesgroundwaterusedfordrinkingwaterand/orisdirectlyusedinwateringcrops,resultingintheunnecessarytransmissionofgastrointestinaldiseases,hepatitis,andotherwaterborneailments.Conventionalwatertreatmentishamperedbyheavycapitalinvestment,inconsistentpowersupplies,andlackoftrainedpersonnel.NBShasovercomethesechallengesbyprovidingagravity-basedsystemcenteredonbioremediationandphytoremediation,usingindigenousbacteriaandplantstotreatthewater.Wherepowerisneededtoraisewater,asolarpoweredpumpisused.NBShasestablishedmorethan90suchfacilitiesthroughoutPakistan.NBSisaclassicexampleofanenvironmentallyorientedcompanyworkinghardtoachieveallfourbottomlines.Spiritually,thecompany,whichisrunbyPakistaniChristians,isanexampleandinspirationtothelargernationalcommunity.Socially,theirfacilitiesresultinimmediatereductionofthespreadofwaterbornediseases.Environmentally,theirtechnologyhasrestoredstreamstohealthandprovidedsafeirrigationwater.Financially,theyarestrugglingandrequireotherwealthcreatorstocomealongsidewithcomptrollerexpertiseandpatientcapitaltoguidethemintherunningoftheirbusiness.

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Figure2:NBSBioremediationprocessflow54

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4.5.1.2CaseStudy:ChandosConstructionLtd.(Chandos)ChandosisaCanadianbasedconstructionfirmthatprovesthatstrivingforenvironmentalexcellenceispartofacommitmenttobusinessexcellence,andacommitmenttoholistictransformation.Chandosisanemployee-ownedpartnership,broadlyestablishedontheMondragonprinciple.Chandos’modelofsuccessisbasedontheiremployee’sresponsibility,performance,andtermsofservice,andhasledtoa40percentreturnoncapital.55Whileemployeeowned,itisoverseenbyaprofessionalboardofdirectors,andhasbothinternalandexternalauditcontrols.Chandosisaleaderinsocial,community,andenvironmentalresponsibility.Contributionsintheseareasareallocatedtoorganizationsthattheemployeeownerschoosetosupport.Theyexcelincustomerservice,andsupporttheirindustrybydeliveringinnovativeconstructionsolutions.56ChandosisaleaderinIntegratedProjectDelivery,57acollaborativebuildingprogrammethatintegratessubcontractors,ownersandthegeneralcontractortoworktogether.Thispassionforjusticeandcollaborationwhilenettingadecentreturnfortheiremployeeownershasledtoenvironmentalexcellenceaswell.ChandosisaLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign(LEED)builder.LEEDisapopulargreenbuildingcertificationprogram.Chandosbuiltthemostnortherlynetzerocommercialbuildingintheworld.ChandosbuiltsomeofthefirstLEEDprojectsinAlbertaandhavereceivedprestigiousawardsfromtheirleadershipinrecyclingconstructionwaste.58Onconstructionprojects,theaveragewastedivertedawayfromlandfillsinthefouryears2013–2016was73.45percent.Twoindividualprojectshadover98percentwastediversion,anunprecedentednumber.594.5.1.3CaseStudy:YohoVeneziaTheParkYohoVeneziaresidentialsub-divisiondevelopmentcouldbeagoodcasestudytoseehowdevelopmentandenvironmentalconservationcangohand-in-handandachieveasatisfactoryresult.ThiscouldshedsomelightonresolvingtheperceivedtensionbetweentherelentlesspursuitofbusinessprofitandthepassionatedefenceofthehandiworkoftheCreator.ThedevelopmentsitefallswithintheWetlandBufferArea(WBA),anenvironmentallysensitivearea,intheNewTerritoriesofHongKong.Inordertohavethatsitedeveloped,thedeveloperneedstosecuregovernmentapprovalforalandgrant.Thoughonly25percentofthelandareainHongKongisbuiltupon(consideredurbanized),inrecentyears,thereisagrowingconcern,ifnotopposition,regardlessoftheacutehousingshortageinthecity,toblockfurtherdevelopmentwhichisconsideredtobedamagingtotheenvironment.Environmentalactivistsaswellassocialmovementleadersarekeenonturninguptherhetorictomobilizethepublictogivepressuretothegovernmentnottoapprovelandgrantsastheyarguethatdevelopmentswouldimpose‘irreversibledamage’totheproposedareas.Thedevelopmentsiteinthiscaseiscomprisedofapproximately100,000squaremetres.Thedeveloperintendstobuild1,027apartmentunitswithlow-densitydesignlayout.Understandingthealmostimpossiblepredicamentofaccommodatingbothdevelopmentneedandenvironmentalprotection,thelayoutoftheproposeddevelopmenthadbeen

28

carefullydesignedwithrespecttothesurroundingenvironment.Theproposeddevelopmentincludesextensivegreeningandmorethanhalfofthesitewasproposedforwetlandconservationaswellaslandscaping,toenhancetheoverallamenityofthesiteandservethebufferfunctionoftheWetlandBufferArea.Anin-depthandextensiveEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentwaspartofthelandgrantapplication.Variousmitigationmeasures,includingeffortstolocatetheseveralbuildingblocksclosertoanexistingmainroad,allowadequatebufferdistancefromtheexistingmeander,anderectingnoisebarriersduringconstruction,hadbeenadoptedtominimiseoff-siteecologicalimpactontheadjacentriver.Basedonthebirdsurveyconducted,theproposedbuildingswerenotundertheexistingflightpathofthebirdsandthenumberofbirdsobservedwithinthepossibledisturbancedistancefromtheproposeddevelopmentwasinsignificantduringthedryandwetseasons,indeedmanyofthemweredisturbance-tolerantspecies.Astherewasnoflightpathofbirdsacrossthebuildingsite,theproposeddevelopmentwouldhavelittleimpactonthebirds.Furthermore,abuildinggapofnotlessthan35mwasmaintainedbetweenthetwoapartmentblockstoenhancewindpenetration.Despitetheproposeddevelopmentgeneratingmoretraffic,better-designedtrafficsystemsactuallyloweredtheimpactcomparedtotheexistingtrafficatthesite.Besides,thelayoutandbuildingdispositionoftheproposeddevelopmenthadbeencarefullydesignedinordertoconfinethetraffictotheeasternpartofthesite.Basementcarparkswerealsodesignedtominimiseat-gradetraffic.Thedirectimpactontheadjacenthabitatcausedbytrafficwasminimised.Fromthedesignphasetotheapplicationprocess,thedeveloperhasbeenworkingcloselywithboththelocalresidentswhoarelivinginthenearbyruralvillagesforgenerations,aswellasahighlyrecognizedenvironmentalistasaconsultantfortheproject.Itwasalengthyprocessofoverfiveyearsofplanningandseekingforapproval.Thereweresomesporadicoppositionandprotestsevenonsite.Yet,theteamdeterminedtokeepthisaverytransparentprocess,andwasreadytoanswerquestionswhenasked.Whenthegovernmentalsoagreedthattheapplicant’ssurveyandproposedsolutionswereinlinewiththefindingsoftheEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentstudies,thelandgrantwasapproved.Thefinaloutcomeisaresidentialsub-divisionbeingcompletedthatoffers1,027unitsforasmanyhouseholds.Residentswillnotonlyenjoythetranquillityofthesurroundingnaturalenvironment,butalsotheaccessibilitytomodernlifestyle.Attheend,onthat100,000squaremetresite,almosttwo-thirdsofthesiteremainsinitswetlandcondition,whiletherestiscoveredby‘development’.Furthermore,partoftheresidents’managementfeewillalsobesetasideexclusivelyformaintenanceofthelandscapeandwetlandarea,assuringthattheconservationeffortwillbesustainable.Thisisacasewhenallthestakeholdersarewillingtoworkwitheachother,andputasideanadversarialattitude,truecollaborationandawin-winconclusioncanbeachieved.Thegovernment’spolicypriorityoffacilitatingmorenewunitstothemarket;thosewhowanttobuyintothehousingmarket;environmentalprotectionadvocateswhopassionatelydefend

29

thewetland;aswellasthedeveloperwhowantsaprofit-makingprojectallmayclaimsomeformofvictoryinthisexercise.Collaborationisalwaysbetterthanbitterrivalryamongthedifferentagendas;andsuchresponsiblestewardshipofeachpartywillbringabouttransformation—socio-politically,inter-personally,aswellasenvironmentally.4.5.2Agribusinessandwildareas,aholisticapproach4.5.2.1Casestudy:IntegratedfarmingJohanJansevanRensburgsawaproblem.WhilevillagersinTajikistanhadrelativelygoodaccesstocarbohydrates,theyonlyhadintermittentaccesstogreensandtoprotein.TheproblemwasexacerbatedintheAfghanrefugeecommunitywhohadnoaccesstolandorwork,dependingontheirstatus,andatthemosthadasmallcourtyardwithintheirhavli.Johancameupwithamodelofintensiveproteinandgreensproductioninasmallspace(TheThree-in-OneFranchise).Usingaquaponicsasamodelwithwatercirculatingfromafishpondtoahydroponicsgreenhouse,headdedrabbitsandchicken—bothhalalmeats.Thewasteproductsoftherabbitsandfishprovidenutrientsfortheplantsinthehydroponictowers.BasedonanOregonStateUniversitystudytheyarealsosubstitutingthewastefromtherabbitcagesfor10percentofthehigh-energychickenfeed(expensiveforvillagers),thussavingcost.(Rabbitfecescontains22percentproteincomparedtowheat/corn'saverageof11percentprotein).Theunitiscapableofhousing500chickens,22maturerabbitsandoffspring,200carpandabout2,000tomatoplants.Rightnow,thedevelopmentoftheeffortissupportedbyaparallelfeedbusiness.Themovementofthisinitiativefrom‘beta’testtothefieldcouldbedonethroughafranchisemodel.60Theenvironmentalbenefitsareapparent.Wasteproductfromonesourceofproductionprovidesnutrientsforanothersource.Anaddedbenefitinsupplementingdietswiththesenewproteinsourcesisthereductionoferosionbyreducinggrazingpressureofconventionalproteinsources:cattle,goatsandsheep.Thelayoutcanbeadaptedtotheavailablespace.Improvementstothesocialbottomlinecomefromimprovedandmoreconsistentnutritionandanaddedsourceofrevenue.Theinitiativeprovideslegitimacyforworkerstoenterthemostremotevillagesandinsularcommunities.Thefinaleconomicmodelstillneedstobeworkedout,whetheritcanbeafor-profitmodelorasocialentrepreneurshipmodel.ItappearsitcanbecarriedbestbyNGOswhowouldinputtimeandlogisticstosupplementtheprogram.

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Figure3:Exampleofanintegratedfarmingcycle

4.5.3Environmentalexcellenceinproductmanufacturing4.5.3.1CaseStudy:TirtaMartaTirtaMartaishelpingIndonesia’senvironmentanditseconomybyreplacingtraditionalplasticswithbiodegradablealternatives,withrawmaterialssourcedthroughcassavafarmerswhonowearnafairtradeincome.Plasticisalowcostalternativetoglassandaluminumforpackagingandeachyeartheworld’spopulationuses275millionmegatonsofplastic.Whilethe3Rconceptofrecycle,reuse,andreducecanhelpminimizeplastic’simpactontheenvironment,muchoftheworld’splasticstillfindsitswaytolandfills,rivers,oceans,orincinerators.Traditionalplasticleftbehindtakes500to1,000yearstodegrade.TirtaMartabelievesthatwithoutthecapacitytoprovidetheworldwithvalueaddedgoodsandservices,Indonesiahaslimitedthedistributionofwealthtothepoor.Theneedtoaddvaluetofarmedgoodsintropicalcountriesiswellknown,especiallyforgoodslikecassava(tapioca)whichiswidelygrownbuthasnotbeenabletoproducesignificantincomeforfarmers.TirtaMartacreatedacostcompetitivebiodegradableplasticoutofcassavathatnotonlyreducesthecarbonfootprintofplasticby40percent,butalsorevolutionizestheindustry.TirtaMartahasbroughttomarkettwoinnovationsinaffordablebiodegradableanddegradableplasticforsocialandenvironmentalimpact:OXIUM®andECOPLAS®,availableasanadditiveandresinareusedinfinishedproductsthatincludeshoppingbags,packaging,lunchboxes,re-useabletotes,andcoathangers.OXIUM®isanadditivethatcatalyzesdegradationinplastic.Forexample,astandardplasticshoppingbagwithOXIUM®beginstobreakdownintwoyearseventuallybecomingbioavailableatamolecularlevel.OXIUM®ispricedtobeonly2-5percentmoreexpensivethantraditionalplastic.Positionedformass-marketadoption,OXIUM®,withintwoyears,hascapturedmorethan90percentof

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Indonesia’smodernmarketsandconveniencestoresusingplasticshoppingbags.ThesecondinnovativeproductisECOPLAS®,abiodegradablepolymermadefromtapioca.ECOPLAS®canbemadeintoblownfilmorinjectionmoldedproducts,andisthefirst‘FairforLife’certifiedbioplasticintheworld.CertifiedbytheIMOforFairforLife,TirtaMartaistheonlybioplasticproducerwiththeabilitytomakeaFairTradeclaim.A2012Assessmentindicateda40percentcarbonfootprintreductionanda25percentincomeincreaseof50cassavafarmers.Theabilitytodegradeplastics,whilenotquantifiable,iscertainlyaqualitativeimprovement.ThecurrentPresidentDirector,SugiantoTandio,investedtenyearsofTirtaMarta’sresourcesinresearchanddevelopmenttowardsenvironmentallysustainableplastics.61Mr.Tandioneedshelp.Quotedinaninterview,Mr.Tandiosays,‘Nowthatwehavethetechnology,wecanintroduceittoothermarkets.Whatwewouldbeinterestedinarepartnersininternationalmarketstointroduceourtechnology.Researchanddevelopmentisverycostlyandwecannotdoitalone’.624.5.3.2CaseStudy:ReedConsultingLtd.(Reed)ThemanufactureofgarmentsfortheNorthAmericanandEuropeanmarketscanbedetrimentalbothinthelowwagespaidtotheproductionworkerscomparedtowagesinthecountrieswherethegarmentsaresoldandalsocostlyintermsoftheamountofcleanwaterneededtoturncottonintogarmentsorskinintoleather.ThedemandforlowcostgarmentscoupledwiththeEuropeanandNorthAmericanpollutioncontrolregulationshasexportedindustrialpollutiontodevelopingcountries.This‘out-sourcing’alsoexacerbatesthewatercrisisinmanyofthosedevelopingcountriesbecauseofthecompetitionbetweenwaterforindustry,waterforagricultureandwaterfordomesticuse.ManufacturingonepairofUSD7denimjeanscanuseasmanyas250litresofwaterwhentheachievabletargetneedonlybe70litres.Twohundredandfiftylitresofcleanwaterusedduringtheprocessofdenimdyeingandthendenimlaunderingtocreatethefadedand‘distressed’fabriceffectssoappreciatedbyWesterncustomerstakesalargevolumeofwaterawayfromthelocalpeople.Thisisbecausetheirshallowlifthand-pumpscannotcompetewiththemotordrivendeeptubewellsofthegarmentfactories.ReedwasincorporatedinBangladeshin2006.Thecompanywasfromthebeginning‘BusinessasMission’activityinacountrywheretheriverswerealreadyhighlypollutedbecauseoftextileandleatherprocessing.Acountrywhereaccesstodrinkingwaterwasalsolimitedbecauseofpollutedsurfacewater,theaquiferunderDhakabegandroppingunsustainablybybetweentwoandthreemetresperyear.RunbyAnnandRodneyReedfromtheUK,thecompanyemployedBangladeshiengineersandconsultantstoworkinfactoriesproducingformanyofthelargeEuropeanandNorthAmericangarmentbrands.ThecompanybenefittedfromindustrialenvironmentalcontractsplacedbyinternationalDevelopmentAgenciesincludingtheInternationalFinanceCorporation(partoftheWorldBankGroup)andGermanTechnicalCorporation(GIZ).ThecompanyteamappreciatedopportunitiestoworkwithEuropeanexpertsinordertoenablefactoriestoreducetheamountofwaterandchemicalandenergyusedingarmentandleathermanufacture.This‘water-chemical-energynexus’wasregardedasacriticalpointforthecompanytoengageinCreationCareingarmentprocessing.

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Thefactoryownerswerenotinitiallymotivatedtoreducepollution.Theyregardeditasanadditionalexpense,buttheysooncametorecognisethewin-win,becausereducingtheseinputsactuallyimprovedtheirprofitability—thesamenumberofgarmentsormoregarmentsproducedwithfewerinputs.Reedwasonlyoneoftheconsultingfirmsactinginthisfield,butitwascertainlytheonlyBangladeshbusinessdrivenbytheCreationCaremandateinthisfield.Largeamountsofwaterweresavedandthusmadeavailableforhumanconsumption,equivalentinvolumetomanyOlympic-sizedswimmingpools.Reductionintheamountofelectricalandthermal(steam)energyusedinthefactorieswasalsoachieved.CleaninguptheBangladeshriversremainsadauntingchallengebutreducingtheoutflowofpollutedwaterfromsomanyfactoriesachievedthroughtheCreationCareinterventionofReedConsultingBangladeshLtdcontributedtocleanerrivers.634.6AcalltoactionandequippingThispaperisacalltoaction.Itisacalltoactionforwealthcreatorstoleadthechargeincreationcare,tobringbackhopetothedebateofenvironmentalstewardship.Itisacalltocollaboratewithallpeopleofgoodwilltotakecareofourcommonhome.Itisacalltoorganizescientistsandwealthcreatorstoworktogethertoprovidesolutionsforenvironmentalproblemsaspartofholistictransformation.Itisacalltoprovidepracticalguidelinestohelpwealthcreatorstoruntheirbusinessesandpersonallifeasenvironmentalstewards.Whilethereisawealthofmeasurementprotocols,environmentaltoolkits,andresources,theyrequireconsolidation,simplification,andreorientationtoacreationstewardshipmodel.Lastly,wealthcreatorsmustdowhattheydobest—innovateandproduceenvironmentalsolutionsthathaveKingdomconsequences,socialvalue,andthatarefinanciallysustainable,withthehelpandsupportoftherestofus.5.0ReadinglistTheauthorsdonotagreewithallthethesespresentedineachofthepublicationpresentedbelow,butfoundallthereadingscompelling,eveninthefewcaseswheretheopinionswerecontrarytohisown.Beltran,BenignoP.FaithandStruggleonSmokeyMountain:HopeforaPlanetinPeril.

Maryknoll,NY:OrbisBooks,2012.Berry,Wendell‘ChristianityandtheSurvivalofCreation.’InSex,Economy,Freedom&

Community:EightEssays,1sted.NewYork:PantheonBooks,1993.CentreforAlternativeTechnology.ZeroCarbonBritain:MakingitHappen.2017.

http://blog.cat.org.uk/2017/01/19/zero-carbon-britain-making-happen/.Cavanaugh,WilliamT.BeingConsumed:EconomicsandChristianDesire.GrandRapids,MI:

WilliamB.EerdmansPublishing,2008.Lomborg,Bjørn.TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversity,2001.Provan,Iain.ConvenientMyths:TheAxialAge,DarkGreenReligion,andtheWorldThat

NeverWas.Waco,TX:BaylorUniversityPress,2013.RegentCollege.Redux:FullyHumaninaBrokenWorld.TheEarth,theGarden,andaReason

toHope.2015,http://www.regentredux.net/fully-human-in-a-broken-world.

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Tunehag,Mats,CreationCarevs.CreationScare.2013,http://matstunehag.com/2013/07/11/creation-care-vs-creation-scare/.

Wilson,EdwardO.,TheCreation:AnAppealtoSaveLifeonEarth.NewYork:W.W.Norton,2006.

5.1Self-directedauditTheexamplebelowgivesasimplemetrictoassessenvironmentalperformance.Thissimplemetriccombinesqualitativequestionsalongwithriskassessment,wheremitigationcanbethoughtthroughandappliedtoreduceenvironmentalrisk.AmorethoroughmetricthattheauthorshaveappliedinprojectsistheGlobalFootprintapproach.64

Purpose

ThisdocumentisintendedtosupporttheenvironmentalcomponentoftheIbexduediligenceprocessandSection10ofthementoringprocess.Reason

TheEarthistheLord’s(Psalm24:1)

CreationisGoodGenesis(1:9b)

WeareitsGoodStewardsGenesis(1:28)CreationCare

Isthereaconsciousefforttoraiseenvironmentalawarenessandtominimizeenvironmentaldamagethroughcompanyoperations?

Isthereaplantoreducewastethroughmoreefficientconsumptionofinputs,reuse,recoveryandrecycling?

KnowledgeofLifecycle–consciousoratleastintuitiveunderstandingofimpact.Reviewappendeddrawingandwalkthroughthecompany’slifecycle.

Doyouknowthesupplychain?Isitstable?Isitsustainable?

Isthesitedisordered?Ifso,whatimmediateandremedialactionwillbecarriedout?Bywhen,bywhom?

Istheirvisibleorsuspectedcontaminationofair,waterorland?Ifso,whatimmediateandremedialactionwillbecarriedout?Bywhen,bywhom?

Riskmanagement:Arethereenvironmentalriskswithahighconsequenceandhighprobabilitythatneedaddressingstraightaway?Pleaseseetheappendedtable.

Businessopportunities.Withinyourcorebusiness,aretheirenvironmentallyappropriatebusinessopportunitiesthatwouldimproveurbanand/ornaturalenvironments?

Godmadeusinhisimagetobecreative.Whatbeautifulthingareyoucreatingthroughyourcompany?Tellmemore.HowcanIbexhelp?Formoreassistancepleaseemailpmm@threefootings.com

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MitigationTableActivity Effect EffectGrade Mitigation ResidualEffect

Typeofaction

Whatthatactiondoes

Consequence(c)timesprobability(p)aftermitigation(High,Medium,Low)e.g.highcxhighp=Highhighcxmediump=Med.Highmediumcxhighp=Med.Highmediumcxmediump=Mediummediumcxlowp=Lowlowcxmediump=Lowlowcxlowp=Low

Whattodotoreduceconsequence.MustactonHighandMediumHigh.

consequencetimesprobabilityaftermitigation

Example-Cuttingofleather

Inefficientuseofleathercauseswastage

highcxhighp=HIGH

Reducewastagebylayingoutpatternstousethegreatestpartoftheleather

lowcxlowp=LOW

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Appendix

ConsultationonWealthCreation(CWC):BackgroundandContextTheCWCwasnotjustanevent.TheConsultationheldinThailand,inMarch2017,wasapartofaconsultativeprocess,whichinturnispartofbroader,longer,andon-goingconversationsrelatedtoissueslikethechurch,business,poverty,wealthcreation,andmissions.Therefore,itisimportanttounderstandthebackgroundandcontextofeachCWCreport.Theyareimportantpiecesofabiggerpuzzle.Tounderstandthepicturethatisemerging,asweputthepiecestogether,oneneedstoseesomeoftheotherkeypieces.TheCWCisyetanotheroutcomeofthehistoriccommitmentsadoptedintheLausanneCovenantof1974.Here,whilecommittingthemselvestotheimportanceofevangelism,evangelicalsalsoexpressedrepentancefor‘havingsometimesregardedevangelismandsocialconcernasmutuallyexclusive’.Wealthcreationfortheeconomicbettermentofourworldisoneofthoseneglectedsocialconcerns;anditisthisthattheCWCaddresses.AllCWCparticipantswerepresentedwithalistofrequiredreading.ThesereadingsallrelatedtotheCWCassignmentofexploringtheRoleofWealthCreationinHolisticTransformationofPeopleandSocieties.TheCWCwaspartlyafollowupoftheLausanneGlobalConsultationonProsperityTheology,PovertyandtheGospelheldinApril2014.Thus,allneededtobefamiliarwiththeAtibaiaStatement:https://www.lausanne.org/content/statement/atibaia-statement(moreinformationbelow).TheLausanneGlobalConsultationonWealthCreationwasincollaborationwithBAMGlobal,andthussomeofitsworkandreportswereincludedintherequiredreading.‘WhyBotherwithBusinessasMission’,byMatsTunehaghttp://matstunehag.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Why-Bother-with-Business-as-Mission-v-18-April-2017.pdfTheexecutivesummariesofthreeBAMThinkTankReports

• BiblicalFoundationsforBusinessasMissionhttp://bamglobal.org/report-biblical/

• BusinessasMissionandtheendofPovertyhttp://bamglobal.org/report-bop/

• BusinessasMissioninHaitihttp://bamglobal.org/report-haiti/

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CWCislinkedwiththreeotherglobalconsultationsthatdealtwithsimilarissues,held2004,2009,and2014.TheLausanneBAMIssueGroupThefirstBAMGlobalThinkTankwasheldundertheauspicesofLausanne.TheBusinessasMissionIssueGroupworkedforayear,addressingissuesrelatingtoGod’spurposesforworkandbusiness,theroleofbusinesspeopleinchurchandmissions,theneedsoftheworldandthepotentialresponseofbusiness.ItsummarizeditsfindingsintheBAMManifesto(2004).Hereareafewexcerpts,toillustrateagrowingconsensusamongleadersthatwealthcreatorsarecalledbyGodtoserveinbusiness.

• WebelievethatGodhascreatedallmenandwomeninHisimagewiththeabilitytobecreative,creatinggoodthingsforthemselvesandforothers—thisincludesbusiness.

• WebelieveinfollowinginthefootstepsofJesus,whoconstantlyandconsistentlymettheneedsofthepeopleheencountered,thusdemonstratingtheloveofGodandtheruleofHiskingdom.

• WebelievethattheHolySpiritempowersallmembersoftheBodyofChristtoserve,tomeettherealspiritualandphysicalneedsofothers,demonstratingthekingdomofGod.

• WebelievethatGodhascalledandequippedbusinesspeopletomakeaKingdomdifferenceinandthroughtheirbusinesses.

• WebelievethattheGospelhasthepowertotransformindividuals,communitiesandsocieties.Christiansinbusinessshouldthereforebeapartofthisholistictransformationthroughbusiness.

• WerecognisethefactthatpovertyandunemploymentareoftenrampantinareaswherethenameofJesusisrarelyheardandunderstood.

• Werecognisethatthereisaneedforjobcreationandformultiplicationofbusinessesallovertheworld,aimingatthequadruplebottomline:spiritual,economical,socialandenvironmentaltransformation.

• WerecognisethefactthatthechurchhasahugeandlargelyuntappedresourceintheChristianbusinesscommunitytomeetneedsoftheworld—inandthroughbusiness—andbringglorytoGodinthemarketplaceandbeyond.

• SeealsoBAMManifesto:http://matstunehag.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/BAM-MANIFESTO-2.pdf

WheatonConsultationAglobalconsultationonBusinessasIntegralCallingwasheldinWheaton,IllinoisinOctober2009.Itbroughttogetherleadersfromtherealmsofbusiness,non-profitorganizations,andChristianministrywiththeologiansandacademicleadersinbusiness,economics,andmissions.ExcerptsfromtheDeclaration:

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• Lamentations

• Welamentthatthechurchandbusinessitselfhaveundervaluedbusinessasavehicle

forlivingoutChrist’scalling,andhavereliedexcessivelyonnon-profitapproachesthathaveresultedindependence,waste,andanunnecessarylossofhumandignity.

• CelebrationofFaithandHope

• WecelebratethegrowingmovementofpeopleseekingtobeusedbyGodandtodeploybusinesseconomicactivityforGod’sKingdom.

• Businesscancreatevalue,providethedignityofwork,andtransformcommunitiesbyimprovinglivelihoods.

• BusinesscanbeanintegralcallingtoproclaimanddemonstratetheKingdomofGodbyhonoringGod,lovingpeople,andservingtheworld.

• BusinesscanalsoprovideapowerfulopportunityforthetransformationofindividualstoachievetheirfullpotentialforcreativityandproductivityandtoflourishandexperiencealifeofabundanceasenvisionedbytheKingdomofGod.

• BusinesscanbeusedtohelprestoreGod’screationfromitsdegradedstate.• Itisourdeepconvictionthatbusinessesthatfunctioninalignmentwiththecore

valuesoftheKingdomofGodareplayingandincreasinglyshouldplayanimportantroleinholistictransformationofindividuals,communitiesandsocieties.

• SeealsoWheatonDeclaration:http://matstunehag.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Wheaton-Declaration.pdf

AtibaiaConsultationWealthcreationanddistributionwerediscussedaspartoftheLausanneGlobalConsultationonProsperityTheology,PovertyandtheGospelheldinAtibaia,Brazilin2014.Theconsultationaffirmedthatsharingwealthisgoodandbiblical,butwealthdistributionistoooftenourmainresponsetomeetingpeoples’needs.Itidentifiedtheneedtoseekincreasinglytounderstandhowbusinessescanbringsolutionstoglobalissues,includingpovertyandhumantrafficking.Thenotionofsimplicityasauniversalvaluewasalsochallenged,andneededtobeaddressedfurther.TheAtibaiaStatementisquitelong,buthereareafewexcerptsrelatedtowealthcreation,businessandthepoor.

• Christiansarecallednotonlytogiveandsharegenerously,buttoworkforthealleviationofpoverty.Thisshouldincludeofferingalternative,ethicalways,forthecreationofwealthandthemaintenanceofsocially-responsiblebusinessesthatempowerthepoorandprovidematerialbenefit,andindividualandcommunaldignity.ThismustalwaysbedonewiththeunderstandingthatallwealthandallcreationbelongfirstandforemosttoGod.

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• Weacknowledgethat,intheglobalmarketeconomy,oneofthemosteffectivetoolsfortheeliminationofpovertyiseconomicdevelopment,andyetevangelicalshaveoftenfailedtopromotevalue-drivenbusinesssolutionstopoverty.

• Howcanwemoreeffectivelyworkfortheestablishmentofcreative,ethical,andsustainablebusinessendeavorsinthefightagainstpoverty?

• SeealsoAtibaiaStatement:https://www.lausanne.org/content/statement/atibaia-statement

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Endnotes

1Editor’sNote:IntheManifesto,‘Church’(withuppercase)and‘church’(withlowercase)areusedintentionally,theformerdenotingtheglobalChurchandthelatterthelocalchurch.2TimothyKellerandKatherineLearyAlsdorf,EveryGoodEndeavor:ConnectingYourWorktoGod’sWork(NewYork:PenguinBooks,2016),34.3TheauthorswishtoacknowledgethecontributionsoftheothermembersoftheCreationCaresubcommittee:MatsTunehag,Fr.BenBeltran,D.Kim,Dr.G.KassaandD.Gunaseelan,andadhocmemberJacquelineKlamer,aswellasacknowledgingtheinputoftheLausanneConsultationonWealthCreationforHolisticTransformation,andtheBAMGlobalCreationCaregroup.4AllbiblicalreferencesarefromtheEnglishStandardVersion(Wheaton,IL:Crossway,2001).5TimothyKellerandKatherineLearyAlsdorf,EveryGoodEndeavor:ConnectingYourWorktoGod’sWork(NewYork:PenguinBooks,2016),34.6WendellBerry,‘ChristianityandtheSurvivalofCreation,’inSex,Economy,Freedom&Community:EightEssays(NewYork:PantheonBooks,1993),98.7EdwardO.Wilson,TheCreation:AnAppealtoSavetheEarth(NewYork:W.W.NortonCompany,Inc.,2006).8EdwardO.Wilson,‘EdwardO.Wilson,BridgingScience&Religion’NPR:Science(Baltimore:Verb8tm,Inc.,September82006),http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5788810.9Francis,LaudatoSi:OnCareforOurCommonHome,(Rome:LiberiaEditriceVaticana2017)Paragraph3,http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html.10CliftonLeaf,‘HowFortune's'ChangetheWorld'CompaniesProfitFromDoingGood,’Fortune(August182016),http://fortune.com/2016/08/18/change-world-companies-profit/.(AversionofthisarticleappearsintheSeptember1,2016issueofFortunewiththeheadline‘ChangetheWorld’).11RuthBancewicz,ClimateChange,SustainableLiving,andtheGenerosityofGod(TheLondonInstituteforContemporaryChristianityDecember04,2015)http://www.licc.org.uk/resources/climate-change-sustainable-living-and-the-generosity-of-god/.12StuartL.Hart,‘ANatural-Resource-BasedViewoftheFirm,’TheAcademyofManagementReview.AcademyofManagement,20:4(1995):987.13MarkPolet,CreationCare:TheBottomLine,London:Ibex2015Conference(2015).14ElinorOstrom,GoverningtheCommons:TheEvolutionofInstitutionsforCollectiveAction’(Cambridge,UK:CambridgeUniversity,1990),115PeterF.Drucker,PoliticsandEconomicsoftheEnvironment(ClaremontCollegesDigitalLibrary,EditedbyFriendsoftheClaremontColleges,April131971),accessedApril62017,http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/ref/collection/dac/id/1864,5.16ThomasSpeck,DaVinci(London:ScienceMuseum,2016).17H.G.Andrewartha,andL.C.Birch,TheEcologicalWeb:MoreintheDistributionandAbundanceofAnimals(Chicago,IL:UniversityofChicagoPress,1984):3http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/E/bo5947667.html.18JonBrodkin,Canadasetsuniversalbroadbandgoalof50Mbpsandunlimiteddataforall,ArsTechnica,Dec12,2016,https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/12/canada-sets-universal-broadband-goal-of-50mbps-and-unlimited-data-for-all/.19Bancewicz,ClimateChange.20AndrewarthaandBirch,TheEcologicalWeb,5.21Francis,LaudatoSi:OnCareforOurCommonHome,3.22TimWeinhold,BacktotheGarden,Blog29,(EventideAssetManagement,LCC,Boston,Mass,USA,undated),2.23HeatherR.Dixon-Fowler,DanielJ.Slater,JonathanL.Johnson,AlanE,Ellstrand,andAndreaM.Romi,‘BeyondDoesitPaytobeGreen?AMeta-AnalysisofModeratorsoftheCEP-CFPRelationship,’JournalofBusinessEthics(SpringerScience&BusinessMediaB.V.,2013)112:363.24TimWeinhold,BusinessanditsNeighbors,Blog20,(EventideAssetManagement,LCC:Boston,n.d.)2.

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25UnitedNations,WorldUrbanizationProspects,2014,http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf.26WorldHealthOrganization,WHOGlobalUrbanAmbientAirPollutionDatabase,2016.http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/.27TheEconomist,‘TheWorldinBrief,’TheEconomistEspresso(London:December212016).28UnitedNations,Desertification,2016http://www.un.org/en/events/desertificationday/background.shtml.29EuropeanCommission,InnovatingwithNature,2017,https://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/index.cfm?pg=nbs.30OasisCoffins,Bamboo,2017,http://www.oasiscoffins.com/bamboo/.31TheEconomist,ACrackingYarn,May122016,http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21698644-how-put-broken-eggshells-use-cracking-yarn32ThomasSpeck,DaVinci(London:ScienceMuseum,2016).33Wikipedia,FranklinD.Roosevelt,2016,https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt.34Dixon-Fowler,etal,‘DoesitPaytobeGreen?AMeta-AnalysisofModeratorsoftheCEP-CFPRelationship,’362.35TranscendCoffee,SustainabilityandtheWorldofCoffee,2017,http://www.transcendcoffee.ca/sustainability36BenjaminParkinandPaulKiernan,‘AGeographicalShiftinBrazilMiningLeavesaStoriedRegionHurting,’WallStreetJournal(NewYork,Dec19,2016).37ChrisPowterandMarkPolet,‘OilSandsRemediation—What'sthe(end)Point?,’ProceedingsoftheRemediationTechnologies(RemTech)Symposium(Banff:ESAA,2012).SeealsoMarkPoletandChrisPowter,‘PhaseIIAssessmentsandPhaseIIIRemediation:ABriefHistory,’ProceedingsoftheRemediationTechnologies(RemTech)Symposium(Banff:ESAA,2012).38FredericBoyer,DaVinci(ScienceMuseum:London,2016).39Drucker,PoliticsandEconomicsoftheEnvironment,13.40CornwallAlliancefortheStewardshipofCreation,TheCornwallDeclarationofEnvironmentalStewardship,2000,http://cornwallalliance.org/landmark-documents/the-cornwall-declaration-on-environmental-stewardship41UnitedNations,SustainableDevelopmentGoals,2016,https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=130042EdMacdonald,Waves,Weirs,andWaterwheels—UnleashingthePowerofWater,Jan22,2017,http://blog.cat.org.uk/2017/01/22/waves-weirs-waterwheels-unleashing-power-water/.43BradPlumer,China'sWaronCoalContinues--TheCountryJustCanceled104NewCoalPlants,Vox,January172017,http://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/1/17/14294906/china-cancels-coal-plants.44MichaelJ.Coren,2016WastheYearSolarPanelsFinallyBecameCheaperThanFosselFuels:JustWaitfor2017,Dec26,2016,https://qz.com/871907/2016-was-the-year-solar-panels-finally-became-cheaper-than-fossil-fuels-just-wait-for-2017/.45JamieCondliffe,‘ACoal-firedPowerPlantinIndiaIsTurningCarbonDioxideIntoBakingSoda,’MITTechnologyReview(Jan04,2017).https://www.technologyreview.com/s/603302/a-coal-fired-power-plant-in-india-is-turning-carbon-dioxide-into-baking-soda/.46SydneyFulkerson,‘ThisUltraCheapMaterialUsesSunlighttoPurifyDrinkingWater,’AbundanceInsider,Feb10,2017.47TheEconomist,‘QuoteoftheDay,ThomasEdison,’TheEspresso(London,Feb11,2017):8.48Wikipedia,Zabbaleen,Jan16,2017,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabbaleen.49CityofEdmonton,LeadingtheWay,Jan01,2017.https://www.edmonton.ca/programs_services/garbage_waste/about-waste-management-in-edmonton.aspx.50Wikipedia,TheodoreRoosevelt,Feb10,2017,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt.51NBS,ExistingModelsofBioremediationSewageTreatmentPlants(Bio-STPs),PDF,NBS(Islamabad:NBS,2016).52OasisCoffins,Bamboo,2017.53MartinOsserwarde,‘PersonalComment,’April18,2017.54NBS,BioremediationWastewaterTreatmentProjectSummary,PDF,NBS(Islamabad,2015).55SiddharthMohapatra,Employee-OwnedCompany—TheCaseofChandos(SchoolBusiness,UniversityofAlberta,2009),10.

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56TomRedl,LoyaltyIncomeFundTrust,LeadershipConference2009,2009:25-2657UniversityofMinnesota,MotivationandMeans:HowandWhyIPDandLeanLeadstoSuccess,ResearchReport,November16.http://arch.design.umn.edu/directory/chengr/documents/motivation_means2016.pdf.58ChandosConstructionLtd.,SustainableConstruction,2017,http://www.chandos.com/sustainable_construction.php.59Chandos,CCLWasteDiversionQ42016,unpublished,2017:1-2.60Jahonnek,KingdomBusinessPlan,UnpulbishedDocument,Jahonnek,Dushanbe2015.61SchwabFoundationforSocialEntrepreneurship,SugiantoTandio,2013.http://www.schwabfound.org/content/sugianto-tandio.62GlobalBusinessGuideIndonesia,TirtaMarta:Mr.TandiaSugianto,2014.http://www.gbgindonesia.com/en/manufacturing/directory/2014/tirta_marta/interview.php.63RodneyReed,emailcommunication,September29201764MathisWackernagel,EcologicalFootprintandAppropriatedCarryingCapacity:AToolforPlanningtowardSustainability,PhDThesis,TheFacultyofGraduateStudies,SchoolofCommunityandRegionalPlanning(TheUniversityofBritishColumbia,1994).SeealsoGlobalFootprintNetwork,EcologicalFootprint,2017http://www.footprintnetwork.org/our-work/ecological-footprint/.