Wayne County EMSWayne County EMS

Emergency First Aid Emergency First Aid

and CPRand CPR

EMERGENCY FIRST AID

If you are the first on the scene of accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling 911. Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery.

REMEMBER!!!UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS: The routine use of The routine use of appropriate barrier appropriate barrier

precautionsprecautions to prevent skin and to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure when mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other body contact with blood or other body fluids of any individual may occur or fluids of any individual may occur or is anticipated.is anticipated.

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions apply to blood apply to blood and to all other body fluids with and to all other body fluids with potential for spreading any potential for spreading any infections.infections.

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION CPR ABC’s

AIRWAY - Open the airway with the tilt-chin method.

Breath - give two breaths.

Check circulation.

If there is no pulse or breathing…..(next slide)

CPR Continued

… Perform chest compressions. 30 compressions and two breaths.

Count = 1&2&3&4&5…&30 Call 911.

RESCUE BREATHING

11 breath every breath every 55 seconds - 12 per seconds - 12 per minute.minute.

Compressions : ventilations = 30:2Compressions : ventilations = 30:2

First Aid for a Choking Conscious Adult and children (1-8 years old)

• Determine if the person can speak or cough.If not, proceed to the next step.

• Perform an abdominal thrust (Heimlich Maneuver) repeatedly until the foreign body is

expelled.

First Aid for a Choking Conscious Adult and children (1-8 years old)

• A chest thrust may be used for markedly obese persons or in late

stages of pregnancy.

• If the adult or child becomes unresponsive perform CPR- if you see an object in the throat or mouth, remove it.

Burns

BLEEDINGApply direct pressure to

the wound (at this time a direct pressure bandage may be used)

Elevate (do not further harm)

Pressure Point additional pressure may be applied to a pressure point to help reduce bleeding.

Bleeding

Bleeding

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

• Nose Bleed:– Nosebleeds can be caused by an injury, disease, the

environment, high blood pressure, and changes in altitude. They frighten the individual and may bleed enough to cause shock.

– If the bleeding is due to a head injury and you suspect a fractured skull, do not stop the bleeding. Cover the nose with a loose, dry, sterile dressing and call the local emergency number or medical personnel.

BLEEDINGBLEEDING• If the individual has a nosebleed due to other causes, do

the following: – 1. Keep the individual quiet, sitting with head tilted

forward. – 2. Pinch the nose shut (if there is no fracture), place ice or

cold packs to the bridge of the nose, or put pressure on the upper lip just below the nose. Seek medical assistance if the nosebleed continues, bleeding starts again, or bleeding is because of high blood pressure. If the individual loses consciousness, place them on their side to allow blood to drain from the nose and call the local emergency number(911).

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

• Penetrating Objects– DO NOT remove the

object. Stabilize the object by using bulky dressing around the object and secure it in place.

BLEEDINGBLEEDING• Severed Body Part

– Control Bleeding– Contact 911– Wrap up body part

in sterile or clean cloth.

– Place in a plastic zip lock bag and place in cold water.

Wrap in dry sterile or clean bandage or

cloth.

COLD WATER

CARE FOR SHOCK Keep the victim laying down

(if possible). Elevate legs 10-12 inches…

unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones.

Cover the victim to maintain body temperature.

Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air.

If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side.

Call 911.

FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINS

I-C-EI - Ice, apply a cold

pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin.

C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight.

E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding.

CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES

I-A-C-T I - Immobilize area. Use pillows, jackets,

blankets, etc. Stop any movement by supporting injured area.

A - Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS), call 911.

C - Care for shock. See “Care for Shock” slide.

T - Treat any additional secondary injuries.

DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES

Fractures

Spider Bites

Allergic ReactionSome reactions may be severe and cause life-threatening events

Signs and symptoms: Mild allergy

Warm, red skinHivesItchingLocalized swellingItchy, watery eyesHeadacheRunny nose

•Hoarseness

•Tachypnea

•Tachycardia

•Hypotension

•Dizziness

•Throat tightness

•Shortness of breath

•Cough

•Wheezing

Signs and symptoms: Severe reaction

Allergic reactions can progress rapidly without proper treatmentIf patient has known allergy, an EpiPen may have been prescribed by a physicianEpinephrine dilates bronchioles and constricts blood vessels

Asthma

Signs & SymptomsSigns & Symptoms

Severe respiratory distressSevere respiratory distressWheezingWheezingCyanoticCyanoticCall 911 immediatelyCall 911 immediatelyIf symptoms persistIf symptoms persist

Diabetes

administer one tube of Oral glucose

AnxietyDiaphoresisHungerHypertensionPalpitationsTachycardiaBlindnessComaConfusion

Decreased visual acuityHeadacheSeizuresVisual hallucinationsWeaknessSlurred SpeechInappropriate wordsNon-purposeful movements

POISONING Assess the scene for clues

and safety. Get victim away from poison if

necessary. Provide care for any life

threatening conditions. Check Material Safety Data

Sheet (MSDS). Notify medical staff or on-call

Doctor. Call the Poison Control Center

and 911 when necessary.

Generalized Seizure

• Also called “Grand Mal” or Tonic-Clonic• Starts with an aura (an altered sensation felt by

the patient)• Followed by loss of consciousness with rigid

extension (Tonic phase)• Followed by apnea, incontinence, and

alternating contraction and relaxation of the extremities (clonic phase)

• The seizure ends with a postictal phase in which the patient’s LOC gradually improves

Field treatment for seizures

• Place patient in left sided recovery position to prevent aspiration of secretions

• Rapidly assess the patient for life threatening injuries

• Call 911• DO NOT PUT ANYTHING IN THEIR

MOUTH!• DO NOT TRY TO HOLD THEM DOWN • Move any objects that might injure patient

Remember when in doubt

Call

THE END

Wayne Co. EMS