Post on 02-Jan-2016
Water
H2O
Ice
Dihydrogen monoxide
Write it downDon’t write it down
Sometimes I will ask you to draw a diagram, so listen carefully!
Density
mL
g
cm
g,
3
an object’s mass per unit volume units:
V
mD
Toothpaste Electricity A star Juice Sound The ocean Fear Peanut
butter
Saliva Helium Democracy Car exhaust Gasoline Paper Bacteria A cell Wisdom Heat
Dog Wind Atoms Soil DNA Clouds batteries
mattermatter: has volume (takes up space), and masscan be solid, liquid or gas
Solid Liquid Gas
FIXED VOLUMEFIXED SHAPE
FIXED VOLUME
NO FIXED SHAPE
TAKES SHAPE AND VOLUME OF
CONTAINER!
slow particle movement fast particle movement
States of Matterlow temperatures high temperatures
State Shape Volume Den-sity
Particle motion
Forces
solid definite (fixed)
definite high slight vibration
liquid not definite
definite high medium
gas not definite
not definite
low, varia-ble
very, very fast
Which state…
1. Fixed volume and shape
2. No fixed shape and no fixed volume
3. Fixed volume but no fixed shape
4. Takes the shape and size of its container
5. Takes the shape, but not the size of its container
Which state…
1. Can be squeezed (compressed) into a smaller space?
2. Exists at a low temperature?
3. Has medium particle motion?
4. Has particles that just vibrate a little bit?
States of Matter and Transitions(Phases)
SOLID
LIQUID GAS
SU
BLIM
ATIO
N
EVAPORATION
FRE
EZI
NG
CONDENSATION
MEL
TIN
G DE
PO
SITIO
N
Why does temperature change the state of a sample of matter?
Kinetic Theory: all matter is made of particles that are always moving.
Temperature: a measurement of Kinetic Energy (oC, K)0 Kelvin: absolute zero: no particle
movement200 K is twice the particle movement of
100 K Kinetic energy can overcome bond forces
Solid Liquid Gas
low kinetic energy (KE) high kinetic energy (KE)
Bond forces hold particles together.Kinetic energy may be great
enough to break bonds between particles (in a gas)
State Shape Volume Density
Particle motion
Forces
solid definite (fixed)
definite high slight vibration
Greater than KE
liquid not definite
definite high medium Similar to KE
gas not definite
not definite
low, varia-ble
very, very fast
Much less than KE
What transition?
1. Ice turns into water2. Water turns into steam3. Water turns into ice4. Water vapor (gas) turns into rain in clouds5. Water boils and turns to steam6. An ice cube looks like it’s making steam!7. Cream and sugar turns into ice cream.8. Snow turns into water vapor.
Which state…1. Has the lowest Kinetic Energy?
2. Has very strong bond forces?
3. Has the highest Kinetic Energy?
4. Has bonds that are broken most easily?
5. Has bond forces similar to its Kinetic Energy?