Post on 27-Mar-2015
Warm UpWarm UpAnswer the following questions based on Answer the following questions based on
the timeline of the West between the Wars the timeline of the West between the Wars (p. 748-9):(p. 748-9):
a. What book did Hitler write in 1924?
b. Who became the fascist leader of Italy?
c. Who became president of the United States in 1932?
d. In which year did Hitler become chancellor of Germany?
Essential QuestionEssential Question
How did the Great How did the Great Depression affect Depression affect
European economies?European economies?
Between World WarsBetween World Wars
League of NationsLeague of Nations
Remained weakRemained weak
Members could Members could not agree to not agree to use force when use force when necessarynecessary
The U.S. never The U.S. never joinedjoined
French DemandsFrench Demands
Wanted strict Wanted strict enforcement of enforcement of the Treaty of the Treaty of VersaillesVersailles
Germans owed Germans owed debt of $33 debt of $33 billionbillion
Germany EconomyGermany Economy
High inflation High inflation (rise in prices)(rise in prices)
German money German money becomes becomes worthlessworthless
The Dawes PlanThe Dawes Plan
Proposed by Proposed by AmericansAmericans
Gave Germany a Gave Germany a $200 million loan $200 million loan for economic for economic recoveryrecovery
Great DepressionGreat Depression
Depression = a Depression = a period of low period of low economic activity economic activity and rising and rising unemploymentunemployment
Causes of the DepressionCauses of the Depression
Falling prices in Falling prices in European European countriescountries
International International financial crisis for financial crisis for the U.S. stock the U.S. stock marketmarket
United StatesUnited States
President – President – Franklin D. Franklin D. RooseveltRoosevelt
Proposed the Proposed the New Deal to New Deal to help the help the economyeconomy
Great DepressionGreat Depression
Great DepressionGreat Depression
Great DepressionGreat Depression
Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic
German German democratic democratic state after WWIstate after WWI
No strong No strong leadershipleadership
High High unemploymentunemployment, poor economy, poor economy
Great BritainGreat Britain
Two political Two political parties:parties:
Labour PartyLabour Party
Conservative Conservative PartyParty
Changes in EuropeChanges in Europe
By 1939, only two By 1939, only two European nations European nations (France and Great (France and Great Britain) remained Britain) remained democraticdemocratic
Most others had Most others had adopted dictatorsadopted dictators
New Form of DictatorshipNew Form of Dictatorship
Totalitarianism = Totalitarianism = government that government that aims to control aims to control the political, the political, economic, social, economic, social, intellectual, and intellectual, and cultural lives of cultural lives of its citizensits citizens
Totalitarian StatesTotalitarian States
Led by a single Led by a single leader and a leader and a single partysingle party
No guarantees No guarantees of personal of personal freedomsfreedoms
FascismFascism Glorify the state Glorify the state above the above the individualindividual
Need for a strong Need for a strong government led by government led by a dictatora dictator
Remove oppositionRemove opposition
Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini
Established a Established a fascist fascist movement in movement in ItalyItaly
Rise of Fascism in ItalyRise of Fascism in Italy
People feared People feared communist communist revolutionrevolution
Mussolini formed Mussolini formed the Blackshirts – the Blackshirts – armed men who armed men who suppressed suppressed oppositionopposition
Mussolini in PowerMussolini in Power
Became dictator Became dictator in 1922 as head in 1922 as head of the Fascist of the Fascist PartyParty
Known as “Il Known as “Il Duce” – The Duce” – The LeaderLeader
Quote, MussoliniQuote, Mussolini
““Anti-individualistic, the Fascist Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the importance of the State and accepts the individual only so far as his interests individual only so far as his interests coincide with those of the State . . . The coincide with those of the State . . . The Fascist conception of the State is all-Fascist conception of the State is all-embracing; outside of it no human or embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist. Thus spiritual values can exist. Thus understood, fascism is totalitarian.”understood, fascism is totalitarian.”
Japanese ExpansionJapanese Expansion
Difficulty finding Difficulty finding resources for resources for growing industrygrowing industry
Military gained Military gained more powermore power
Invasion of ManchuriaInvasion of Manchuria
19311931
Japan Japan became a became a war-driven war-driven economyeconomy
PicassoPicasso
Abstract Abstract artart
Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein
PhysicistPhysicist
Won the Nobel Won the Nobel Prize in 1921 for Prize in 1921 for his theory of his theory of relativityrelativity