Chapter 1Vocabulary and

Properties

Vocabulary Determine the word or phrase described in each slide

The distance of a number from zero on a number line is called its

Absolute value

A mathematical phrase that can include numbers, variables, and operation symbols is known as an

Algebraic expression

The opposite of a number is known as its

Additive inverse

A power consists of two parts, a

A base and an exponent

A mathematical phrase involving numbers and

operation symbols, but no variables is known as a

Numerical expression

The expression under a square root symbol is called the

radicand

Together, the radical symbol and the radicand are referred to as a

radical

A collection of objects is known as a

set

The set of numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . . } is known as the set of

Natural (or counting) numbers

The set of numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, . . .} is known as the set of

Whole numbers

The set of numbers {. . . , -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, . . .} is known as the set of

integers

The numerical factor of a term is called a

coefficient

A term that has no variables is a

constant

Two number lines that intersect at right angles form a

Coordinate plane

The numbers in an ordered pair are called

coordinates

Any example that proves a statement false is a

counterexample

Reasoning logically from given facts to a conclusion is known as

Deductive reasoning

A mathematical sentence that uses an equal sign is an

equation

Two algebraic expressions that have the same value for all values of the variable(s) are called

Equivalent expressions

Any value of the variable that makes an equation true is called

A solution of the equation

A solution of an equation containing two variables x and y is

An ordered pair of numbers

The process of reaching a conclusion based on an observed pattern is called

Inductive reasoning

Substituting a given number for each variable in an algebraic expression is called

Evaluating the expression

A mathematical sentence that compares values of two expressions using symbols such as < or > is called an

inequality

Terms that have exactly the same variable factors are called

Like (or similar) terms

Another name for the multiplicative inverse of a number is

reciprocal

An equation that contains one or more variables is an

Open sentence

Numbers the same distance from zero on a number line are called

opposites

The x and y axes divide the coordinate plane into four sections called

quadrants

Any number that may be written as a fraction is called a

Rational number

The set of rational numbers and irrational numbers make up the set of

Real numbers

Replacing a numerical expression with its simplest name is called

Simplifying the expression

In an algebraic expression, a number, variable, or the product of a number and one or more variables is called a

term

A symbol used to represent one or more numbers is called a

variable

PropertiesIdentify the following properties of real numbers

a + b = b + a

The Commutative Property of Addition

(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

The Associative Property of Addition

a + 0 = a

The Identity Property of Addition

a + (-a) = 0

The Inverse Property of Addition

a x b = b x a

The Commutative Property of Multiplication

(a b) c = a (b c)

The Associative Property of Multiplication

a x 1 = a

The Identity Property of Multiplication

a(1/a) = 1

The Inverse Property of Multiplication

a(b + c) = ab + ac

The Distributive Property

a x 0 = 0

The Zero Property of Multiplication

-1 x a = -a

The Multiplication Property of -1