Vitamin D

Deficiency disease

Rickets

Constipation

Not enough

Dietary fibre

Constructive worker need more energy

because

They need more energy for stronger muscle contraction

Night blindness

Need to eat more

Fish liver oil, carrot

Rickets

Need to eat more

Dairy product, Cheese, Milk

Constipation

Need to eat more

vegetables

Vitamin C

Deficiency disease

Scurvy

Lipid

Food test

Spot test

Energy requirement depands on

Age, gender, occupation, body status

Dietary fibre

Function

Stimulate peristalsis in gut (intestine)

Vitamin A

Function

Form pigment for night vision

Teenager need more protein

because

They need more protein for growth

Teenager need more calcium

for

The growth of bones and teeth

Starch

Food test

Iodine test

Matching

Glucose . .ProteinGlycerol . .StarchAmino acid. .LipidFatty acid .

Vitamin D

Function

Help Calcium absorption

Scurvy

Not enough

Vitamin C

Clinistix paper

Positive result

Red to purple

Pregnant women need more protein

because

They need more protein for foetus growth

Iron

Deficiency disease

Anaemia

Rickets

Not enough

Calcium/ Vitamin D

Baby need more energy per unit body weight

because

The relative surface area of baby is large, they need more energy to

produce heat to compensate heat loss

DCPIP test

Positive result

Blue to colourlessDecolorized

Peter: Weight:50kg, Daily energy requirements: 11500 kJ

Calculate Peter’s daily energy requirement per unit body weight (kJ/kg)?

11500/50 = 230 kJ/kg

Vitamin C

Food test

DCPIP test

Glucose

Function

Produce energy by respiration

Reducing sugar

Food test

Benedict’s test

What is the fate of excess protein?

Excess amino acids cannot stored and will be broken down in liver by deamination :(i) Urea formed is carried via the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted in the urine.(ii) The remaining part of the amino acid is converted to glycogen and stored in liver.

Benedict’s test

Positive result

Brick red precipitate

Protein

Food test

Albustix paper

Iodine test

Positive result

Brown to blue black

Protein

Functions

Growth and repair, produce enzyme, hormone,

haemoglobin

Lipid

Function

Produce energy, shock absorber, heat insulator

Calcium

Function

Form bones and teeth

Water

Function

As solvent, for transport, heat loss by sweating

Vitamin A

Deficiency disease

Night blindness

What is the fate of excess glucose?

Excess glucose is converted to glycogen by the liver for

storage. Some of the excess glucose is converted to

lipid.

Calculate the energy in 300mL milkMilk (per 100 mL)

Energy 272 kJCarbohydrate 4.8gProtein 3.4gFat 3.8gCalcium 110 mg

272*3 = 816 kJ

Dietary fibre

Deficiency disease

Constipation

Albustix paper

Positive result

Yellow to Green

Calcium

Deficiency disease

Rickets

Scurvy

Need to eat more

Fruit, vegetable

Anaemia

Need to eat more

Meat, liver

Girls needs more iron than boys

because

Girls loss blood in menstruation. They need more iron to produce

haemoglobin in blood

Teenager need more protein

because

They need more protein for growth

Night blindness

Not enough

Vitamin A

Glucose

Food test

Clinistix paper

Spot test

Positive result

Translucent spot disappeared

Anaemia

Not enough

Iron

Vitamin C

Function

Forming connective tissue

Iron

Function

Form haemoglogin