Visual DictionaryJeff Brock

Materials, Methods, and Equipment ISpring 2010

Air Barrier Paper

Air Barrier Paper is a type of sheet material used for both a vapor retarder and air barrier. In this picture the Air Barrier Paper is stapled to the sheathing to offer as an Air/Vapor barrier.

Attic Ventilationsoffit vent

The Soffit Vent is above my hand. The white strip with holes to vent the attic.It is needed to allow air to flow into the attic or below the roof sheathing.

Attic VentilationRidge Vent

The Ridge Vent is the elevated top black surface running on the top of the ridge of the roof. It runs the entire stretch of the roof ridge.It is needed to allow air to flow in and out of a gable roof at the ridge.

Attic VentilationGable vent

The gable Vent is at the top of the Gable in the roof.It is needed to exhaust excess heat and humidity from the attic.

Attic VentilationRoof Turbine

The roof turbine is the black ball and cylinder looking object at the top of the roof. It is needed to exhaust warm and moist air from your attic.

Backhoe

A backhoe is an excavator whose bucket is rigidly attached to a hinged pole on the boom and is drawn backward to the machine when in operation.

The backhoe is commonly used for excavating dirt or digging into the ground.

Bucket Dimensions:Width-41 inchesHeight- 68 inchesDepth- 60 inches

Batter Boards

Batter Boards are a temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie in the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.

Brick ArchesJack Arch

This is a Jack Arch because all joints are uniform. It also contains a skewback, approximately 2 in. per foot of span.

Brick ArchesSegmental Arch

This is a segmental Arch. It uses 3 courses of Rowlock bricks.

Brick ArchesArch with Keystone

This Arch has a Keystone( the large stone lying in the center of the arch).

Brick ArchesCentering

In this picture, the brick lays on top of a curved RED metal lintel like centering device.

Centering: Temporary form work for an arch, dome, or vault.

Brick Bonds

Running Bond

Brick Bonds

AmericanBond

Brick Bonds

Rowlocks

Brick Bonds

Headers

Brick Bonds

Soldiers

Brick Bonds

Stretcher Rowlocks (Shiners)

Brick Bonds

Sailors

Brick Sizes

Grey Brick- SmallerRed Brick- Larger

Brick Sizes

Red Brick:Utility BrickFace Dimensions:3 ½ in- 11 ½ in

W-H-L3 ½- 3 ½- 11 ½

UTILITY BRICK

Brick Sizes

Grey Brick:Modular Brick

Face Dimensions:3 ½ in – 7 5/8 in

W-H-L3 ½- 3 ½- 7 5/8

MODULAR BRICK

Brick Sizes

White brick- smallerRed Brick- larger

Brick Sizes

Red Brick:Norman Brick

Face Dimensions:3 ½ in by 11 ½

W-H-L3 ½ - 2 ¼ - 11 ½

NORMAN BRICK

Brick Sizes

White Brick:Modular Brick

Face Dimensions:3 ½ in – 7 5/8 in

W-H-L3 ½- 3 ½- 7 5/8

MODULAR BRICK

Bulldozer

A BULLDOZER is a heavy, driver-operated machine for clearing and grading land, usually having continuous treads and a broad hydraulic blade in front.

Cladding

Brick

Cladding

EIFS

Cladding

Stone

Cladding

Wood Boards

Cladding

Wood Shake

A shake is a wooden shingle that is made from split logs.

This wooden shake is made from real wood.

Code RequirementsEgress Window

Egress Window:Minn. Width- 31 in.Minn. Height- 28 in.Net opening-6.03 sqft Height above sill

24in.

Code Requirement:Minn . Width-20 inMinn . Height- 24inNet oprning- 5.7 sqftMax height above sill-Less then 44 in.

Code RequirementsStairs

Stairs:Tred: 10 inRiser: 7 ½

Code Requirements:Tred:10 in minnimumRiser: 7 ¾ in max.

Concrete Joints

Control Joint:An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.

Concrete Joints

Isolation Joint:A joint, such as an expansion joint, between two adjacent structures which are not in physical contact.

This isolation joint isolates the driveway from the owner’s front walkway. Using a piece of treated lumber.

Concrete Masonry Unit

3 courses of brick=

1 CMU height

Concrete Masonry Unit

2 Different sized CMULARGER= 12inchSMALLER= 4inch

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

Split Block CMU

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

Ribbed Block

Doors

Flush Door

Doors

Panel Door:

Orange arrow: panelBlue arrow: Top RailRed arrow: lock railGreen arrow: stileYellow arrow: bottom rail

Doors

Transom:A small window directly above the door.

Doors

Sidelight:A small narrow window along side a door.

Electrical ComponentsTransformer Box

TRANSFORMER BOX:A device used to transfer electric energy from one circuit to another. The transformer box is used to transform the electric current sent from the power plant into a safe current allowable to enter the house.

Electrical ComponentsService Head

SERVICE HEAD:The service point from the main circuit line to the structure. These service heads can come in: A Tie-In, Lateral, or actual service line.

This service head is an example of a panel box.

Electrical ComponentsMeter

METER:The meter is used to calculate the amount of kW/h of electricity that the home uses.The power company comes out an measures this amount and sends it to you in you electricity bill.

The National average of kW/h for March of 2010 was 12 cents.

Electrical ComponentsService Panel

SERVICE PANEL:A panel located inside the house from which the different circuits run through. The panel is often called a “breaker box”. It absorbs the electricity from the main line and distributes it to other circuits.

Electrical ComponentsDuplex Receptacle

DUPLEX RECEPTACLE:The duplex receptacle is often referred to as an “outlet”. It provides an outlet source of electricity for all sorts of electric devices.

Framing Elements

1. Anchor Bolt

Framing Elements

2. Sill Plate

Framing Elements

3. Floor joist

This house uses Trusses as floor joists.

Framing Elements

4. Subflooring

Framing Elements

5. Sole Plate

Framing Elements

6. Stud

Framing Elements

7. Top Plate

Framing Elements

8. Stringer

Framing Elements

9. Ceiling Joist

Framing Elements

10. Rafter

Framing Elements

11. Roof Decking

Framing Elements

12. Sheathing

Front End Loader

Front End Loader:Is a heavy equipment machine (often used in construction) that is primarily used to "load" material (asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc.) into an assortment of things. ( i.e. dump trucks)

Gypsum Board

Gypsum Board:An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall, plasterboard.

In this picture the gypsum board is installed with taped and mudded joints.

Heat PumpCompressor/ Evaporator

Heat Pump:A device that utilizes a refrigeration cycle either to heat or to cool a building by passing air or water over either the condensing coils or the evaporator coils, respectively.

Advantage: popular choice due to their simple ‘plug and play’ installation and competitive pricing

Disadvantage: Air source heat pumps perform better in mild temperate. In climates with extended periods of freezing temperatures, they force users to use electric or gas heaters

Heat PumpAir Handling Unit

Air Handling Unit:The heat pump’s air handling unit is used to direct air to the central air line.

Insulation

Batt/Blanket Insulation

Purpose: Batt/Blanket Insulation is used to insulate below floors, above ceilings, and within walls. Generally, batt insulation is the least expensive wall insulation material but requires careful installation for effective performance.

Insulation

Loose Fill Insulation

Purpose: Loose Fill Insulation includes loose fibers or fiber pellets that are blown into building cavities or attics using special equipment. It generally costs more than batt insulation. However, it usually fills nooks and crannies easier, reduces air leakage better, and provides better sound insulation than natt-type insulation.

Insulation

Foamed Insulation

Purpose: foam insulation is a two-part liquid containing a polymer (such as polyurethane or modified urethane) and a foaming agent. The liquid is sprayed through a nozzle into wall, ceiling, and floor cavities. As it is applied it expands into a solid cellular plastic with millions of tiny air-filled cells that fill every nook and cranny

Insulation

Rigid Board Insulation

Purpose:Rigid board insulation is commonly made from fiberglass, polystyrene, or polyurethane and comes in a variety of thicknesses with a high insulating value (approximately R-4 to R-8 per inch). This type of insulation is used for reproofing work on flat roofs, on basement walls and as perimeter insulation at concrete slab edges, and in cathedral ceilings.

Lintel

Lintel:STEEL LINTEL

A LINTEL is a beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening.

Mortar

Raked JointTooled Joint5/8 in. Joint

Used on a Masonic Lodge.

Mortar Type: NMedium-strength Mortar

Mortar

Flush JointTrowled Joint5/8 in. Joint

Mortar Type: NMedium- Strength Mortar

Oriented Strand Board(OSB)

OSB:Building material composed of rectangular-shaped wood strands arranged in layers at right angles to one another, laid up into mats that form a panel and bonded with waterproof adhesives. Cross orientation makes the panels strong and stiff in both directions, and they contain no laps, gaps, or voids

Plumbing

Lavatory:

Size of Drain:1 ½ in.

Plumbing

Tub/ Shower In: During Framing

Plumbing

Water Closet

Size of Drain:3 in.

Plumbing

Plumbing Vent:A plumbing vent allows for building drains to flow freely as well as let sewer gases be vented safely outdoors.

Plumbing

Laundry Room Sink

Drop In Sink

Plywood

Plywood: A cross banded assembly of layers of veneer or veneer in combination with a lumber core or plies joined with an adhesive; the grain of the adjoining veneer or plies is approximately at right angles; an odd number of plies is generally used. Two primary types of plywood are recognized, “veneer plywood” (layers of veneers only) and “lumber core” plywood (lumber core with veneers or plies bonded to it).

Veneer: coating consisting of a thin layer of superior wood glued to a base of inferior wood

Radiant Barrier

Radiant Barrier:Radiant Barriers inhibit heat transfer by thermal radiation.

Rebar

Rebar:½ in in diameter.#4 bar

The deformations on the surface of the rebar allow the rebar to make a gripping surface in the concrete. Without these deformations, you may be able to wiggle the rebar out of the concrete.

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter:a channel along the eaves or on the roof; collects and carries away rainwater

Steep RoofDrainage

Downspout:A downspout is a vertical pipe for carrying rainwater from a rain gutter gutter to ground level.

Steep Roof Drainage

Splash Block:A pad placed under the lower end of a downspout and diverts the water from the downspout away from the house.

Steep Roof Materials

Underlayment: Felt Paper

Felt Paper:Tar paper, installed under roof shingles. Usually 15 lb. Or 30 lb.Filler (wood): A heavily pigmented preparation used for fining and leveling off the pores in open-pored woods.

Steep Roof Materials

Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Materials

Shingle Roof:A thin oblong piece of material, such as wood or slate, that is laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof or sides of a house or other building

Wooden Shingles

CLOSE UP ON FOLLOWING SLIDE!

Steep Roof Materials

Close up of Shingle Roof.

WOODEN SHINGLES

Steep Roof Materials

Metal Panel Roof

Usually fabricated of sheet metal such as aluminum.

Steep Roof Shapes

Gabel

Steep Roof Shapes

Gambrel

Steep Roof Shapes

Hip

Steep Roof Shapes

Mansard

Steep RoofTerms

Orange Arrow: RidgeThe top edge of a roof where two sloping sides meet.

Blue Arrow: ValleyThe "V" created where two sloping roofs meet.

Red arrow: EaveAn eave is the edge of a roof. Eaves usually project beyond the side of the building generally to provide weather protection.

Steep Roof Terms

Rake: Orange ArrowA board or molding placed along the sloping sides of a frame gable to cover the ends of the siding

Soffit: Blue ArrowA soffit is the horizontal underside of a roof overhang, an archway, a staircase, a ceiling, or a similar architectural component.

Steep Roof Terms

Fascia:The exposed vertical face of an eave.

Steep Roof Terms

Building Without Fascia

Definition of a fascia on previous slide

As you can see in this photo, this side has a rake to cover the siding, but no soffit, and no fascia.

My face looks so dumb because it was pouring. F.Y.I.

Rake

No fascia

Stone

Random Rubble

Stone

Coursed Rubble

Stone

Random Ashlar

Stone

Coursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder

Vapor Retarder:Helps control the amount of moisture passing through the insulation and collecting inside exterior walls, ceilings and floors

Most commonly put on the back of the insulation.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing:Coating a material to make it repel water.

The concrete is waterproofed to make sure that the concrete does not absorb water while it is below grade.

Liquid Applied waterproofing

Weep Hole

Weep Holes:small openings left in the outer wall of masonry construction as an outlet for water inside a building to move outside the wall and evaporate.

Welded Wire Fabric

Welded Wire Fabric:A series of longitudinal and transverse wires of various gauges, arranged at right angles to each other and welded at all points of intersection; used for concrete slab reinforcement.

Grid Measurements:6 in .by 6 in.

Windows

Double Hung Window:

This is a double hung window because both the top and bottom panels move freely up and down the rails to allow top and bottom to both be open.

Windows

Casement Window:

This is an out swinging casement window because it is hinged along the side of the window. It swings outward using a crank to turn as it opens the window.

Windows

Awning Window:

This an out swinging awning window because it is hinged along the top of the window. This allows the window to be pushed open from the bottom and hang outwardly open.