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APPLYING AN INFORMATION SYSTEM TO ANALYZE PROPOSED

LOCATION OF CHECK DAM WITH STAKEHOLDERS: A CASE STUDY

HUAl-LA WATERSHED OF KHONG-JEAM DISTRICT,

UBONRA TCHATHANI PROVINCE

SUTHIDA BUTPHUK

AN INDEPENDENT STUDY SUBMITIED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE

MAJOR IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE

AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

UBON RATCHATHANI UNIVERSITY

ACADEMIC YEAR 2015

COPYRIGHT OF UBON RA TCHATHANI UNIVERSITY

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AUTHOR

DEGREE

ADVISOR

KEYWORDS

ABSTRACT

APPLYING AN INFORMATION SYSTEM TO ANALYZE PROPOSED

LOCATION OF CHECK DAM WITH STAKEHOLDERS: A CASE STUDY

HUAl-LA WATERSHED OF KHONG-JEAM DISTRICT, UBONRATCHATHANI

PROVINCE

SUTHIDA BUTPHUK

MASTER OF SCIENCE

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE

AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

WARONG NAIVINIT, PhD

WATERSHED, GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM, CHECK DAM,

ST AKE HOLDERS

The objective of the research was to analyze locations to build check dams with

concerned communities that utilized the water for agriculture and consumption. The study

site was teated in Pakla village in the 5.71 km2

(3,568.89 rai) Huai-La watershed in the

Mekong River Basin. A Geographic information system (GIS) was used to classify land cover

and a ground operation was carried out to collect missing data and to validate the output.

The physical and biological factors that affected stream flow, soil erosion, and soil

sediment translocation, such as watershed class, ground cover characteristics, slope, and

complacent concerned communities, were used as primary factors to classify the suitable

zones to build check dams. Results showed that areas for check dam construction were

classified into 4 levels, very suitable (732.20 rai - 20.51 %), moderately suitable (2,052.46 rai -

57.51%), less suitable 650.16 rai - 18.22%), unsuitable (134.07 rai - 3.76%). Representatives

of communities were asked to identify suitable areas for check dam construction based on

their experience during the field operations along the stream. They selected 20 locations,

none of which were in the very suitable area identified by the use of GIS.

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1J'1'U1\911t'lbb~~Lf1€J'l.J'\ll~Vlil\91 b 1tJ\l\911'11f1Vl'U1 t.1Vf'Ut'l1\1'1\91(}\l'l.J'l.JG1\91 fl€J Vf'l.J1tJVf'Ub611'lJ11 Vl'l.J1 tJVf'U ' , .flw1u Lbt=i~V1ti1t.1~'U 1flm1\91 ~n~ru~~11 u1~'l.J1vJ1~ hieJ':i.Jtl1 i1fl11:1.Ja~:i.Ja:i.J'l.J1ru~1 bn~m1 " . . " w.:i'YlmEJ 1~1'Ubb 1~ 'l.J~ b 1ru~11'l.JtlTw\9lw1iHltJ'Yl~va11a~ ~~m.rr:i.J bile:i~tJ~1'U"l!tJ 'l.J1\ILLvl\l'W'l.JPlmLbt=i~

' " ' 1'U.ff'U~'l.J

~W1€JEJL'U.n:iJa1ml"1LL'l.J'l.J Tropical savannah "Aw" ~e:i i1'1i1.:im1:1Jlli1.:i'lJe:i~nwicJ'Ubbt=i~ " " "'I"

nwi LL~.:iati1.:ib ~'LI 1~-tl~ i1'1i1.:inm.:i1''U v111 'Un~~au :Waruvr.fliia.:ibo~EJl'lt=iawitJ "'I" "'I " , " "

2.5.4. l q~mt=i ij 3 q~ q~!!J'l.Jb~:l.J~\lbblllL~€J'l.J'Wq~.fl1fl1J n\lb~€l'W\Jl'11flil (5 b~e:J'l.J) ., ., CV I 4 Q. d <di <di 1.1 CV I 4 CV ~q

q~Vf'l.J11\91\lbLl'IL~8'1.J'Wql"1'1f11EJ'l.J(}\IL~8'1.Jilf111fl1J (3 L~B'!.J) bm~q~1€J'U l'l~bbl'lbWIB'l.J~il.fl1'VfUu(}\I

L~B'l.JL11~1EJ'l.J (3 L~B'l.J)

2.5.4.2 aruvr.flii aruvr.flfoo~Vl'lrtavitJ 27 4 v-ll"11L'ifrtL~va aruvr11ii~1aviL~v'U ' " , " • ' \J ,

2.5.4.3 tl~mrutl1r-h.1 LtJ~tJ\llmw1tJ 1,530.9 fai~UJ\ll1 •d'J-:i~t:-.l'U1>1m.nn~Mi~'lbbl'i '

.di q .di Q..J .di d .J .di d .c:i.

bVIB'U'W')~Jl1fllJ()'lbVIB'Ufl'UtJ1tJ'U bVIB'U'Vl~'U\llnmn'Vl~VlflmVIB'U?l'IVi1fllJ ... ...

2.5.5 otl'UfH\Jfl1Wfi11tA1 • • ti v I.I I.I tJ

'1J'Ufl ruJl1'Wci:1-Jt11"i\'1 Lb 'U nm:1-Jm1n1V1'UV1'1J'UflruJl1'Wci:1-Jt11 "LJB'lfl ru:; m1lJ m1cim11 bb vi-:i 'I , , , ,

tlJ:;b'Vll"l1 'Vlti 1~mLLJ-:izj-:i1 'U~'U~ci:1-Jtl1~1mn th:;ne:i'U~1tJ~'UflruJl1'W 3 tJ1:;bJl'Vl ~-:id ~'UflUJJl1'W . . , I.I I.I I tJ SI V I ti IJ II I

ci:1-Jt11'1J'UVi lA - 2 '1J'UflruJl1'WcilJt11'1J'UVi 3 bba:;'1J'UflruJl1'Wci1Jt11'1J'UVi 4 , " 'I , ,

2.s.6 "l1il~iJ113J

~'UD1"1l'U1VI 1 Viru b U'UU1b 'Ut:U'i\l'W11ru (Mixed deciduous forest ) b U'U~'UU1~'W'U'Vl1'1 ., .,

\llB'Unm-:ibba:;\lleJ'Ub Vi-Uu'UB'l~'U~ 11lJ~'l'U~nrumvii'LI~~~Bbb:iJtl11 "ll'lii~w•ie:i'U-LJ'1-:i~n 'llU~ 1~ bba:;Yi'll~'11~ru 1~bbn bbVl'I tJ1:;~ (ll:;bb'Un 611u1 (ll:;fl~B 1:1-Jnir'U n~111i:J61n-:i 1i:J1~ "1ai~'U~u1 ., v

bnB'U~'IV11JV1bU'Uu11~i'U 2 (Secondary forest) ~~'U~1V1'1-:ia:1-J'l.J'V11'Uvh 1~(tb:;mru 'Vtl"l. 2510) . . .,

'U1'1bbvl'lbU'Ua''lfllJTI'llVlB~1:;w-.i1-:im1'VlV1bb'Vl'U (Secondary stage) L1im"il1m1~~pVi-:i~1'1Jl1tJVi'1-:i

bb~1 bb~1m-:iv11m1Ln~m iJm'LI~'U"LJ'U1vi 1 V1rum:;'<ilvim:;'i\J1c.ie:i~~11 tJ v111 ~Lnvia-:ifllJTI'll'U'Um'U~'U ., v

(Rocky area)

2.5. 1 th::"U1n':ibt~::t'lfl1mf1':i~~n1ilbb~::a'3fu.1 ... tJ1:;61J1n'fU1'U'l.J1nm ~e:ic.ia:; 80 tU'Ufl'LI~iiflil'11m1L~1Jt1CJ'1 'U~'U~ ii"il1'U1'Ufl-r1b~t1'U

95 fl-r1b~t1'LI "i\'1'U1'U'l.J1:;'ll1'll'U 433 fl'U '11'LI1muLU'Ufl1B'Ufl-r1"1J'U1~nm-:ii'.i?1m"'am:;w-.i1-:i 4 - 6 fl'U .,

tJ1:;61J1m'll1ti:1-J1nn-htJ1:;'ll1mV1~-:ib~n-ue:ic.i m1:1-JV1'U1tbi.l'U"1Jt1..:itJ1:;61J1m 30 fl'U/\ll111..:infoblJ\ll1

B\ll11f11'H ~lJ'Ut1..:itJ1:;'ll1m 1. 7 Li.Je:iiL~'Uii fl1~111 'Uu'U1fl\ll'IJ1:;"1nmiibb'U11 UlJb~lJ<fi'U m1~n~1 'l.Jw'll1m'11'U1'Vlaj"il'Um1~n~1Jl1flu..:i~'U L~n 'l 611'U1 'VltyL 'U'Vl~U1'U 1~-r'U

m1~n~1bbriJl1flu..:i~rnvhi!'U iiL~c.i-:i 1 o b tJe:iit~'UiiLvhi!'UmJl~'Um1~n~1~e:i 1'U1:;~'Uiruc.i11~n~1 bl"l1~~n"il 'i\l1n-ue:i:1-Ja~'U~1'U1:;~'lJV1:iJu1'Ubba:: -LJ'e:i:1-Jafl11:1-J,J1L U'U~'U~1'U c "il'Li~ .) -w'U--.i1

di \J .. "' 'U di ..

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~e:itia:: 61vic.iih1c.i1~bo~til'ie:itl 100,000 'U1'Vl zj.,:i'11'LI1V1ajiJV1d~'U~t1c.ia:; 98 m1~t1fl1e:i..:i~~'Uv11n'LI

11c.ia:: 5 - 1 o 1 ~ '11'LI 1 Vi rub tl'LI~~'LI 1:iJiiLe:in'111~'Vl~ i'im1e:i-wti-wbb 1-:i..:i1'U'1-:iV1'1-:im1LnrnMc.i1Lyje:i1 tJ ., ~

fo~1-:i 1'LIL1im1 ViqJ

'IJ1:: L VHU bba ::191! 'Uti111J LJ1 ::"111mci1'U1VIajtl''U~e:i1"11 '1'U1'Y!'Vl u fl"1c.inu"!f11B'11t1

1vic.i..t11 tJ LJ1:: L V'Huvl~'U'VlBVltl'UlJ1 hi'tJ1V1'11tJflB ~llla'U'1B'I Vl~u'IJ1:;b 'WcU~'U'1tl..:!L~e:J'U"!l11U1'U"il::i'i L 1mL .U11~ 1rnHi~ n'U'W1~'WYJul"l1'1t.11 bn~ m1'W'U'l.J~~~nn'U ~~'l;'LI Lrn~ v'l'Vi11 ~'Vl nfl'Lii'im1:1-J L~ c.i'1n~

' ~ ' vi1'11t.1a''IY1l.J~1l.Jnt.1 u1'ltJ1~L'Wrunn~Y111l.J~1~qin'I L"lit.1 ll'l!if'l1Yl t.1e:in'i\l1ndv-:iii.Uv~1l.Jvi~e:i'!Je:im1

tJfi~vl~uYJe:i~ni..im L"lit.1 m1tj~c:i m1~vc:i m1'11l.llJ!~IJi't.1bJ 1t.1-d1'IL'tl1'W11~1 LtJt.111i't.1

"\J1m.h~thIJb •1n 1v11'1"B~~~tJ bbl'11'UU"\J~U'U'11lJ1".m1-tltl1"\J1mh~'l.hIJb "In 1 'U'!i1~ b~B'U 'Wtl~fl1fllJ f)~

b~B'U ~~'Vl1fl:IJ b vi1i!'U b ~B~"\J1nc.l'U~~'!i1~ bL"~cJ'Uiitl~:IJ1UJUBV"~ hliicJ1vflBV~'UJ11:1J "l Vil 'Vlm.h

e:i~1~11~L ~1 J1"\J1ntl1~tl1m "IJ1L U'Utl1vi'1~B1~"ll:1J"ll'U'11:1J11ti'111:1J1u11nfl 1v1 'UBn"\J1nd"!l:1J"ll'UV~i1 'U ' •

J1"\J1ntl1~tl1V1liu1'Uvi'l11tl1m"\J1nti1~ LnuJ1~1 vmmvh b U'UU1~U1VlliUTU '11lJ1)tl 1 m~ \Jl" B~ 'U 'U

~~tJ LL~1li'11m1ti 1iu~lnfl1~ ci1'U 1Vtru"\J~1 itl1"\J1nt11~tl1V1liu1'U L 'Um1e:itl1nfltL"~ 1 iJ1"\J1nti1~ v 'U •

LnuJ1~1V"1'vl1fl1flLf)~\Jl)f))):IJ b'!i'U m1tl"n-U111-w~ 31''U6":1Jtl~V1~'3 oLJ11 ., bLl'ii1u1-lci1'U1BV"~ 5 'U

"1JB-l"1J:1J"ll'UviauJ1"\J1mLiitl11"ll~m1-nl 'Ufl1flm1Ln~m a1t V11J1vihluv:1J'111J11"ll-lm1 iL ~B-l"\J1n!Jl~-lil ' 'U '

'Vl'Yl'rn1mu11:1J"!l1~ 1e:iv"~ 901~vn1'W11mL~11itJ1~1v"lltl"\J1n'Vl:r-wmmu11:1J"!l1~ i1rhrn~v

1e:iva~ 90 hrnnT;JL oLJ11 tltnuV11Yi"!ltl1 L'!i'U L~~ Lb"~1'!Jltitl1~a~r1"1Je:i.:im1t-U'11 tl1-fftl1~1v"llU"\J1n '

'Vl:r-wv1mu11:1J"!l1~ ~e:i~m1vi"\J~'l111tJ1itJ1~1v"lltlL'Ufl-!1t~B'U 1e:iv"~ 951.ffwmL"~m'UvittJ'U

t ~m 'W~-lG11V1:ruV1-l ~:IJ t tJ'Uci1'U1 Vtru 1e:i va ~ 98 LLa~tl1~"!l1"1J'Uci1'U1 Vtru1ii tfl vtil~ 1:W L ~e:ia11.:i • v v

61le:imL61l:IJU1'Ub~B'U 1vv"~ 30 "tf:1J"ll'UU1mhn"11~:ru-Uv:w""ll11a11L~v1nufi"\Jm1:1Jm1e:i'U:rn~ • 'U •

'Vl'!'Wv1mu11:1J"!l1~:w1nvia~ ~e:iva~ 80 LLm:1~:ru.Ue:i:1J"°ll11aT';IUBvvia~ ~vva~ 20 m1t.U1~1:1J • 'U •

A i.I V'Q.I Qi.I

f)"\Jf111:1J~1'Un11B'U1f)~'Vl':i'WV1n1511:1J"ll1\Jl 1BV"~ 75 • "ll:1J"ll'UU1'Utl1nml'i'e:i-lm1vi"\J~L-U'11 'llilci1'U~1:1J L 'U m1-;ij'~ rn1'Vl~'Wv1mu11:1J"!l1~ ~ern" ~ •

55 G11V1~u1'llLL uum1i1ci1'U~1:1J 'Wu111 'Urn1u1V111-;ij'~rn1r;i:wJ1m1~111i1t1n'U~.:i.n1fl~~ e:i.:iri rn1 'U ' ..

u~V111ci1'U'vfe:i.:i~'U e:i~rim1u1V111ci1'U-;ij-l'Vli'~u.a~'ll1~"!l1"!l'UVJB.:1~'Um111ilm1-;ij'~~.:iflru~m111rn1

u~V111~:1JJ1 tLa~"!l:1J"ll'U'11:1J11tin1V1'U~nn1~Lifoum11-tl'l.h~fo"!ltl"\J1ntl11~ tl1~"!l1milm1:1J • ' d.J

inmm1ilci1'U~1:w L 'Ufl11~~~'U h ~e:iva~ 55 i1m1:1J~e:i~m1ilri1'LI~1:w 1 'Um1tli)twi.:11'U ~e:iv"~ 70

i1fl11:1J~e:i.:im1i1ri1'U~1:1J L 'Um1~~1J11:1Je.i"m1tli)twi~1'U ~e:iv"~ 60 LLrt~i1fl11:1J~B-l m1i1ri1'U~111 L 'U

m1tl1~"ll16111~'U~ ~e:iva~ 65 v11'UUqJV11L~mnum1v'4~n~'Vl'r-wmmu1111"!l1~ 'Wu11 i1tlqiV11m1 d .·1 v d v

Lf)'l.J'tJB-lu1"1JB-l"ll11'1.J1'U:IJ1n'Vl'1~ )Bf.Jrt~ 70 ,

" ,, 0 0

l'l'U'U1a151';i

' ,, " YM,;?i'n~ i'Vl1'1'11&ini.='l brn:::riru::: (2552) r.=b'Ui~titif"Utl1 r.=11-Urnm~n,;bbi.='l:::~~nTjiif'lJtl1 mll , , ,

a'Vlti1mb vi'3'111&i i11'11tl1bLi.='l:::w'U5-W'11 1Ji'tlwLil'Ue.Jfl'11L ~\l"lla'3m';i'1~1'3eJ1tJl'i'mJ1 fatJ'11lJ1';if1'11tl , , ,

1~mi1'3L "lltl1Ji'~'3d m1Pim~1~13l'U6Wl91J'U1 Lfl1'3fl1';i'Vlm-3'11ti~fl el1L.fle:Jb ;tJ'3m1 ~'3Vl1~b;tJ'31 VI~ 'IJ

vn1111mh-3~~LL'1'3 V!~B6llru:::~r.=:l1u11iJa\Jl'i1m11Vlfl"llB'3tl1vi11'Ur.=:l1u11(stream flow discharge)

b vi1n'U 12 '1n'U1\31nb:u\Jl1n'U1Vi cJ1tJ'11mwfl~am1m11Vli.='l1Ji' ~af.Ji.='l::: 53.14 1 'U"llru~L~mn'U ll1 'IJ

J1vh 1 "Ur.=:l1u11iJ\Jl~flB'ULb"ll'J'Ui.='lBtJ 1.23 n-r:u/~\Jl1 eJ1tJ~'Utl1r.=:l1u11'11lJ11t1i.='l~tn:u1ru\Jl~na'U 1~~e:iti '1::: 81.03 fl11i.='l~i.='l'3"lltJ'3eJ\Jl11fl111 'Vlfl6lle:J'3tl1vh1 'Ur.=:l1u11vh1 '1tl11 "Ur.=:l1u11ffie:imm~'n~1 LLi.='l:::LL 'Vl1fl

;:uL-il11 tJ1 'U~'UG'ltJ-3'W1fl~'3r.=:l1tl1:u1n~'U vh 1 '1tl11 'Uoff'U~'U'U~L 'Jfi!G'ltJ'3~'3r.=:l1tl1L ~lJlJ1fl~'U~tJf.Jr;'l::: 43.98

tl1~~~~ \Jl~TI~'U1'1111ru LLfl:::L'V'l'111 'V'lfle:Jm\l~ru (2549) 'V'l'U11 m1?1~1'3eJ1tJ~'UJ1~iai'U6 ~ , u \I

Pin~1m1-W'~'U1.fl'V'11'U am~mlJ1\11fl'V'11:::11'1lv11~ ~'3'Vll~G'lni.='l'Um vh1 '1m1L\l~ruL&i'U L\Jl6lle:J'3~'LI1~ 'IJ v

1 'LI'u1L~'3-r'3'1.J~n ru?1a'3~'3r.=:l1~1 m ~:umn~'U~e:Jf.Ji.='l~ 0.08 LL fl~ 1 "UlJ1~'1.J LL'1'3\l:::iJm1 L \l~qJL&i'U L\JlL ~ll " :u1n:fi'U~e:Jti'1~ 0.86

'V'l-3,;Plfl~ l'Vll?l'll~fli.='l Lbi.='l:::'J1~'U'VI{ ~1:::G'l"ll'Vl1flfl (2550) '11V1~'1.JeJ1tJl?i''UtlTviiJ\Jl:::fltJ'U\JlfltJ~ , , , , \I

L~:ULL~1 ~1'Lii'<iltJ~'Utl11~Pin~1'V'l'U11 eJ1tJl'i'"Litl1~'3ri'3v!1V1'LJ1~1Jlm ~e:i-31 tlan 1~tJiJm1vl1'31'U\Jl1lJ

V1u1~f1~Lll'LI~e:itJi.='l::: 40.36 6lle:J-3eJ1tJl'i'"Utl1~a~1-3~'Um 1 'VI~ i L~iai Lte:i'Vl1'V'lfl (2538) 1m-tlim,im:::ti::: 1nm vJan1V1'U~~'U~L~tJ'3ntJl'ie:in11Ln~LL~'U~'Ufl~ll

'U~nruei'1L.fla 'Wtj'U ~'3V!l~'Umiai~u11:u11'11 L~tJm1n1V1'U~m1lJ-a''U ~n~ru:::m11-tltJ1:::1tJ'lltl~~'U

~n~ru:::V11'3u1rui1ru\i1'U ~ n~ru:::V11'3tl\iwi'VltJ1 LLi.='l:::tl~lJ1rutl1eJm ll"Uvi'1LL tl1a?11::: LL fl::: 1 iri11lJ~ ... ... 'IJ

'V11.:J JI 1'U fl111 bfl11:::~fl~fltJ f.JG'1Vli1:uw'U5 1 'U fl11'Vl11U Lb 'U'IJ"lleN'1:Ufl1';i L tle:ii b 6il'U ~ bb~'U ~'U fl~lJ 'IJ

b~tJ-3 ~'U'Vl'fo'VILG'l~f.J';i (2550) fl1';j~~ m11'i''Utl11 'UB'U1fll'Pil:::~e:i-3v11 L 'Ll'Ufl11B V1'3tl1:::ru\Jl

(intensive) LLi.='l:::iJG11'U~'JlJ\11fltl1:::"111'11'U 1~movn:::-q:w'11'U'U'U~'U~~'3ll1fl;ff'U tl1:::"111'11'U\l:::tl1:::?1'1.J

nu.fl f.Jli11lJ'111&i ?ie:i .fl tJLLa-3 bL'1:::tl1vl'JlJ ~'Ufl'1:UlJ1 fl ~.:J;ff 'U fl-3\J::: hiiJ'Vl1.:JL~tJfl~'U'UB fl\! 1 fl\J:::l'i'e:i-3

~'UYl~-3'1..l nrii.='lll~'U'U~ n rutil"Utl1r.=:l1u1';izj,:i L ll'U~'U~~1e:i'3-rutl1e.J'U 1'1iJm1l.l'111111fl1 'U nT~ ~~i'ULLi.='l::: 'IJ , 'IJ

nmnutl1afi1.:iiJtJ1:::~'Vlfi.fl1Yl:W1fl~.:J;ff'U L ~B'1~'1l.J 1 '1iJtl1 1~~'UL ~l.J;ff 'U \l:::~e:J'3'1~1'3eJ1tiiif 'Utl1

(check dams) 1'U'Vlnr.=:l1tl1a1·1n1'Uu~L 1ru~'Utl1r.=:l1u11'VlnLL vi-3 L ~ti'11:::mim11 V1n"lle:J'3tl1m V1a-u1\Jl1:u , ,

c.l1V1tJ1~'U (surface runoff) LLn~L ~:Wfl111J~l.J;ff'U 1 '1~'U~'li1Vfl11'Vl~LL 'Vl'U"Umi1.:iriu~'11 Yl~Bl.J~'3flvf.J

~fl\Jl~fltJ'U bJ 1 m Vlnn~ h.1~\JfllJ~'U~Lfl'l:HJl';i 1 mJ~nru'1l.Jtl1 \JltJ'U~1~ Bfl~~ ~~1Ji'v-3ile:i~n'U h-h'.111111 ~ ,

- • 1 1 ' 1- ' .r .J 1 ' ... ... :: 0 "" 1'Vltn 'U1 u11 lJ'VlCJ (2549) Vl1Lfil'n:::Vl'\/11'W'U'VlL'VllJ1:::'11J 'Uf111rnJ'1'51\leJ1Vl'l'\.J'\.J1'1151'l L 'WB

'lh 1 tJ1 m 'Uf11111\IU~'\.J Lb'1:::~1'l~'\.J 1'Jn1'Vl'\.Jl'l~'\.J~08'1~1\leJ1V9i''Utl1ci1511 L fiaf1118'\.J-rfl~~'\.JU'1:::tl1 • 1 'U~'\.J~ ci1Jtl1m.i'11 ;\ILU'UcilJtl1cJav"lJa.:icilJtl1'11"1J1tl.:i '1Tu~ 2 av"l 'UcilJtl1V1'1mLiill.:i ~i'.H:lrnV11

, • , '\J " g~

L~a.:im1~.:i'VlmEJ"lla\l~'\.J '1'111 ~Liil'lvi::: na'U"ti'UsU'\.J 1 'Uci1J1 61.:i~i;i m:::'Vlu~am1lJ'11v.:i1lJ"1Ja.:iJ1vin '

'11bb 'LI f) ~\IUflfili;JlJ~'\.J n1'Vl'Ul'lbflru6rlri1R:::bb '\.J'U LL'1:::1 Lfil11:::~~1LL U1"1Ja.:JsU8lJ'1'Vl1\lfl1f.J.fl1'W ;g1.fl1'W . ~

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3.1.5 .fl1'1"1V111bViti:w Landsat 8 tJ 2014 ~ d 0 ~ d 0

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Su = 3Sl + 2L.u+ Wscl (3.1)

..I ' .f .J bl.Jfl Su = fl1fl::bb'lJ'U'j'Jl.Jfl'J1l.J L Vll.11::'1l.J"llfl\l'V'l'U'VI

Sl = l°"i1fl~Lb 'U'Ufl11l.li.'11VJ-U''U

Lu = i'l1fl~Lb'lJ'Uf11'jL~'th~Lv"!ltl~~'lJ "' "'

wso = i'l1fl~u 'lJ'lJi'lJl"lru111'V'lal.Jtl1 ' '

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Su = 3Sl + 2Lu+ Wscl (3.1)

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Su = 3Sl + 2Lu+ Wscl (3.1)

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