Post on 08-Aug-2018
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Project FUNDAH e a r i t L e a r n i t
Lets make engineering more easy
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Using Drawing Tools
& Applied Geometry
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TOPICS
Preparation of Tools.
Using of Tools
Applied Geometry
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Preparation ofTools
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Fastening Paper to Drafting Board1. Place the paper close to the tables left edge.
2. Move the paper until its lower edge place about
the top edge of T-square.
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3. Align the top edge of the paper with T-square blade.5. Move T-square down to smooth the paper.
4. Attach the papers corners with tape.6. Attach the remaining papers corners with tape.
Fastening Paper to Drafting Board
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1. Remove the wood with penknife while expose a
lead about 8-10 mm.
2. Polish the lead into a conical shape with a
sandpaper.
3. Clean the lead with tissue paper.
Sharpening the Pencil
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Preparing the Compass
2. Adjust the needle and the lead so that the tip of
the needle extends slightly more than the lead.
1. Sharpen the lead with a sandpaper.
needle lead
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Using the Tools
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Straight line
Arc, Circle4. Circle template
1. T-square
2. Triangles
3. Compass
Tools Shape to be drawn
Function of the Tools
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Using the Compass
1. Locate the centerof the circle by two intersecting lines.
2. Adjust the distance between needle and lead to a distance
equal to radius of the circle.
3. Set the needle point at center.
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4. Start circle. Apply enough pressure to the needle,
holding compass handle between thumb and index fingers.
5. Complete circle. Revolve handle clockwise.
Using the Compass
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Using a Circle Template
1. Draw two perpendicular lines that pass through center of
a circle to be drawn.
Construction line
Object line
2. Place the template till all marking coincide with center lines.
3. Tracing the circle. (Hold the pencil normal to the paper.)
Given
Center of a circle to be drawn
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Draw a Horizontal Line
1. Press the T-square head against the left edge of the table.
2. Smooth the blade to the right.
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Draw a Horizontal Line
3. Lean the pencil at an angle about 60o with the paper in the
direction of the line and slightly toed in.
4. Draw the line from left to right while rotating the pencil slowly.
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Draw a Vertical Line
1. Set T-square as before. Place any triangle on T-square edge.
2. Slide your left hand to hold both T-square and triangle in
position.
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Draw a Vertical Line3. Lean the pencil to the triangle.
4. Draw the line upward while rotating the pencil slowly.
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Draw a line at 45o with horizontal
2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.
1. Place 45o triangle on the T-square edge and press them
firmly against the paper.
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1. Place 30o-60o triangle on the T-square edge and press
them firmly against the paper.
2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.
Draw a line at angle 30o and 60o
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0 deg.
15 deg.
30 deg.
45 deg.
60 deg.
75 deg.90 deg.
= 30 + 45 deg
Already
demonstrated.
= 30 + 45 degAlready
demonstrated.
Draw the lines at 15o increment
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A
B
Draw the line passing through
two given points
1. Place the pencil tip at one of the points.
2. Place the triangle against the pencil tip.
A
B
Given
3. Swing the triangle around the pencil tip
until its edge align with the second point.
4. Draw a line.
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Applied Geometry
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To Bisect a Line
1. Swing two arcs of any radius greater than half-length of
the line with the centers at the ends of the line.
2. Join the intersection points of the arcs with a line.
(not to scale)
A
B
r1
Given
A
B
r1
3. Locate the midpoint.
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To Bisect an Angle
2. Swing the arcs of any radius from the intersection
points between the previous arc and the lines.
3. Draw the line.
1. Swing an arc of any radius whose centers at the vertex.
(not to scale)
r1
Given
A
B
C
A
B
C
r2
r2
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To draw the line parallel to a given line
and passes through a given point
Given
+C
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To draw the line parallel to a given line
and passes through a given point
Given
+C
Repeat
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To draw the line parallel to a given line
with a specified distance
Given distance = r
r
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r
To draw the line parallel to a given line
with a specified distance
Repeat
Given distance = r
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To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point
+C
Revolve method
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+C
To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point
Repeat
Revolve method
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To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point
+C
Adjacent-sides method
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+C
To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point
Adjacent-sides method
Repeat
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To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line at a given point
Using Compass
r1
r2
+
C
r2
r2 > r1
A
B
D
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Adjacent-sides method
To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line from a point not on the line
+
C
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+
C
To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line from a point not on the line
Adjacent-sides method
Repeat
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Using compass
r2
+ Cr2
r1
Note:
You can also use revolve method. How ? Try by yourself !!!
To draw the line perpendicular to a
given line from a point not on the line
B
A
D
T d li ki 15 ith i
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+C
To draw a line making 15o with a given
line and pass through a given point.
Given
T d li ki 15 ith i
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+C
To draw a line making 15o with a given
line and pass through a given point.
Given
T d li ki 30 ith i
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To draw a line making 30o with a given
line and pass through a given point.
+C
Given
T d li ki 75 ith i
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To draw a line making 75o with a given
line and pass through a given point.
+C
Given
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FILLET AND ROUND
Sharp corner
Fillet
Round
Round
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FILLET AND ROUND
To draw the arc, we must find the location of the center of that arc.
How do we find the center of the arc?
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To draw an arc of given radius tangent
to two perpendicular lines
Given arc radius r
r
r
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To draw an arc of given radius tangent
to two perpendicular lines
Given arc radius r
center of the arc
Starting point
Ending point
f
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To draw an arc of given radius tangent
to two lines
Given arc radius r
+
+
rr
T d f i di
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To draw an arc of given radius tangent
to two lines
Given arc radius r
T.P.1T.P.2
T d li t t t i l t
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C
To draw a line tangent to a circle at a
point on the circle
Given
T d li t t t i l f
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To draw a line tangent to a circle from
a point outside the circle
Given
C
mark a tangent point
Wh i l t t t th i l
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When circle tangent to other circle
C1
C2
Tangent point
R1
R2
R1+R2
The center of two circles and tangent point must lie on the
same straight line !!!
T d i l t t t t i l I
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To draw a circle tangent to two circles I
+
C2
Given
+
C1
C+
Example
T d i l t t t t i l I
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++
C1 C2
R + R1
Given Two circles and the radius of the third circle = R
R + R2
R1
R2
C
center of the arc
To draw a circle tangent to two circles I
R
Wh i l t t t th i l
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C2
R2
When circle tangent to other circle
C1
Tangent point
R1
The center of two circles and tangent point must lie on the
same straight line !!!
R2R1
T d i l t t t t i l II
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Given
+
C1
+
C2
C+
To draw a circle tangent to two circles II
Example
T d i l t t t t i l II
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++
C1 C2
R R2
To draw a circle tangent to two circles II
Given Two circles and the radius of the third circle = R
R R1
R1R2
C
R
T d i l t t t t i l III
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+C1
+C2
To draw a circle tangent to two circles III
Given Two circles and the radius of the third circle = R
R + R2
R R1
R1R2
C
Keep Your Drawing Clean
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Keep Your Drawing Clean
Do Dont
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Vision to spread knowledge
Send interesting contents about particular subjects ,articles on global stuffs, engineering materials to uswhich will be helpful to your friends and others.
We member of PROJECT FUNDA, provide a medium tomake all this world wide through your great support. Werequest you to join this project and make tutorial of at
least one chapter of your choice, that will help you toblow your name and your knowledge over the world.
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Thank You