©Nucleom inc.Used Fuel Containers NDE Inspection Program Report

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- Historical Context

- NWMO – Role and Responsibilities

- What is Canada’s Used Nuclear Fuel?

- National Infrastructure Project

- NDE Design and Development

- Results

- Partial Penetration Weld Inspection Program

- Copper Coating Inspection Program

- Conclusion

Agenda

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Historical Context

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NWMO – Role and Responsibilities

• NWMO: Nuclear Waste Management Organization (https://www.nwmo.ca)

• Formed in 2002 as required by the Federal Nuclear Fuel Waste Act (NFWA)

• Funded by Canada’s nuclear energy corporations as required by the NFWA

• Operates on a not-for-profit basis

NWMO’s mission is to develop and implement collaboratively with Canadians, a management approach for the long-term care of

Canada’s used nuclear fuel that is socially acceptable, technically sound, environmentally responsible, and economically feasible.

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What is Canada’s Used Nuclear Fuel?

• It is the result of using uranium to produce electric power in a nuclear reactor.

• It is typically a solid ceramic, encased in Zircaloy metal tubing.

• It is constantly generating heat, about 3-10 W per bundle, similar to an LED lightbulb.

• It contains high levels of radioactivity.

Fresh fuel

Uranium dioxide (UO2) 100%

Used CANDU fuel

Uranium dioxide (UO2) 98.5%

Non-radioactive products 1.0%

Radioactive products 0.5%

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Over 2.6 Million Fuel Bundles Safely Stored

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National Infrastructure Project

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Used Fuel Container

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Used Fuel Container

Steel Shell

• Nuclear pressure vessel grade steel

• A/SA-106 Gr. C NPS 22” SCH 140 Seamless Steel Pipe

Steel Hemi-Head

• Nuclear pressure vessel grade steel

• A/SA-516 Gr.70 plate, hot-formed

Welding

• Hybrid Laser Arc Welding (HLAW)

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Used Fuel Container

SHELL HEAD

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Used Fuel Container

Electrodeposition for main body• Reverse galvanic cell• Nano-crystalline coating

Cold spray for Closure Weld Zone• Solid state high-speed spray

of copper particles

Copper Coating

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Used Fuel Container

Final Product

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NDE Design and Development

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Define inspection techniques to achieve 100% coverage within applicable codes of all critical components at different stages of UFC

manufacturing for increase reliability of the long storage life.

NDE Design and Development

Partial Penetration Weld Program Copper Coating Program

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NDE Design and Development

INPUTComponent Geometry, Material Characteristics

Review of Codes and

Standards Requirements

Sample List

Preliminary Target

Flaw Size ReportReview of Potential

Inspection Techniques

Technology

Matrix

Inspection

Techniques Selection

Definition of Inspection

Configurations

Data Acquisition and

Analysis

UT and ECT

Data Files

Optimization of Inspection

Configuration

Data Analysis Report &

PoD Analysis Inputs

Specifications of Selected

Examination Methods

Final Inspection

Procedures Target Flaw Size Definition &

Statistical Relevance

Program Report

Modeling and

Calculations

PoD Analysis

Flaw Manufacturer

Capabilities Assessment

Used Fuel Container NDE Design & Development

Flowchart

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NDE Design and Development

Used Fuel Container Manufacturing Stages

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Results: Partial Penetration Weld

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Partial Penetration Weld

SHELL HEAD

Area of Interest:• Manufacturing flaws• Depth of the Penetration

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Partial Penetration Weld

Looking for:• Surface connected defects• In-volume cracks/porosities• Weld penetration depth

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Partial Penetration Weld

TOFD

Angle Beam - SW

0°LW

ECACombination NDE Techniques

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Partial Penetration Weld

100% Detection

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Partial Penetration Weld• Real Welding Defects (On-Purpose)

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Results: Copper Coating

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Copper Coating

Copper Coating Thickness : ~4.5mm

Electrodeposition Cold Spray

Copper/Carbon Steel Interface Signal

~23dB Amplitude Delta between Coating Techniques

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Copper Coating

Copper Coating

Carbon Steel

Wedge

UT Beams

~4mm

Looking for:• Surface connected defects• In-volume porosities• Bonding issues with carbon steel• Coating thickness

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Copper Coating

Hole Id Diameter Measured Diameter Measurement Delta

1 3/64” (1.2mm) -- --

2 3/32” (2.4mm) 3.0mm 0.6mm

3 9/64” (3.6mm) 5.00 1.4mm

4 7/32” (5.6mm) 7.0mm 1.4mm

5 21/64” (8.3mm) 10.0mm 1.7mm

6 29/64” (11.5mm) 13.0mm 1.5mm

7 1-1/32” (26.2mm) 27.0mm 0.8mm

• Bonding Issues

5MHz, 128 el. (Aperture: 16el.) – Linear Scan

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Copper Coating• Samples with FBH (Electrodeposited and Cold Sprayed Coating)

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Copper Coating• SDH of the Same Samples (Electrodeposited and Cold Sprayed Coating)

FBH

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Copper Coating• Typical UT Results (Straight Beam - Electrodeposited Copper)

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Copper Coating• Typical UT Results (Straight Beam - Electrodeposited Copper)

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Copper Coating• Typical UT Results (Straight Beam - Electrodeposited Copper)

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Copper Coating• Typical UT Results (Straight Beam - Cold Sprayed Copper)

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Copper Coating• Typical ECA – Low Frequency Probe (In-Volume Features – SDH and FBH)

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Copper Coating• Typical ECA – Low Frequency Probe (Surface Breaking Features)

=0.5mm

=1.0mm

=1.5mm

=3.0mm

0xCT ¼xCT ½xCT ¾xCT

x1.0mm

x1.0mm

x0.3mm x0.5mm x1.0mm x2.0mm

x0.3mm

x0.5mm

x1.0mm

x2.0mm

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Copper Coating

Cold Spray

Electrodeposition

• Coating Thickness (Part 1)

Interface Signal Amplitude

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Coating Thickness Demonstration Sample

Copper Coating

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Copper Coating

Cold Spray

Electrodeposition

• Coating Thickness (Part 2)

Carbon Steel Back-Wall Signal Monitoring

(0° LW Examination)

Thicker (4mm Coating) Thinner (0.5mm Coating)

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Copper Coating

Cold Spray

Electrodeposition

4mm 3mm 2.5mm 2mm 1mm 0.5mm

0.5 mm

2 mm

2.5 mm3 mm

4 mm

1 mm

• Coating Thickness (Part 3)

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Copper Coating• Coating Thickness (Part 4)

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Conclusions

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• Identified NDE Techniques

• Partial Penetration Weld

• Copper Coating

• Identified the Challenges

• NDE System Specifications

Conclusion

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Question