Post on 06-Mar-2018
Use of non-conventional biological
method in wastewater treatment in
Egypt
Eman Mokhtar, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of
Agriculture, Ain shams University, Egypt.
Ahmed Labena, Chair of Water Quality Control, Technische
Universität München (TUM), Germany.
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
In the name of God
the Merciful
We made from water every living
thing, do you not believe! (30,4)
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Today, the per capita water availability of less than 800 m3
per year in Egypt is already below the water poverty line
of 1,000 m3 per capita per year.
Wastewater challenges in Egypt
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Wastewater challenges in Egypt (continue)
•Unutilized wastewater is a hazard for the environment,
human health and in addition a waste of water resource
and nutrients. (According to El Kateb, 2012)
Resource Utilization:
• Strict saving in the use of resources as it is the first
measure to resource utilization.
•The natural resources including reuse and recycling of resources.
• Finding the best alternative measures to reach sustainability in resource utilization.
(According to El Kateb, 2012)
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
• Rice straw
• Mango kernel
• Pomegranate Peel
• Apricot and peach kernel
• Peanuts Peel
(El-Ashtoukhy, et.al,2007)
Non-conventional methods to reduce the
level of heavy metals and pesticides
residues form wastewater
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
The adsorption technique is one of the preferred methods for removal of heavy metals because of its efficiency and low cost. Utilizing the waste material from agriculture and industries can make treatment process economical and solve the solid waste disposal problem. The feasibility of several low cost, non-conventional adsorbents obtained from agricultural and industrial wastes was explored.
(El-Ashtoukhy, et.al,2007)
Non-conventional methods to reduce the
level of heavy metals and pesticides
residues form wastewater
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Wastewater treatment processes Wastewater treatment methods
Chemical
Sedimentation Gas Transfer Filtration Flocculation Flotation Mixing Screening
Biological Physical
Aerobic Anaerobic
Precipitation Adsorption Disinfection
(Despo Fatta University of Cyprus 2011)
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Biological treatment Classification of biological Wastewater methods
Suspended and attached treatment Aerobic and anaerobic
Suspended growth process is a
biological in which microorganisms
are maintained in suspension while
converting organic matter to gases
and cell tissue (Activated sludge).
Attached growth is a biological in
which microorganisms responsible
for the conversion of organic matter
to gases and cell tissue are attached
to some material such as rocks,
sand, or plastic (Trickling filter).
Aerobic: biological treatment is a
process in which the pollutants in
the waste water (organic matter) are
stabilized by microorganisms in the
presence of molecular oxygen.
Anaerobic: biological treatment is
a process in which the pollutants in
the waste water (organic matter) are
stabilized by microorganisms in the
absence of molecular oxygen.
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Activated sludge system
1-Aerobic digestion
• Bacterial process
• Need oxygen
• Consume organic matter
2-Anaerobic digestion
• Bacterial process
• Do not require oxygen
• Consume organic matter
• Produce biogas, which can be used in generators for electricity
(Samuel Lam,2010)
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
3-Composting
• aerobic process
• requires the correct
mix of carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen and
water with sludge
• Generate large amount
of heat
Treatment and use of potential of wastewater
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Filtration,
sedimentation
Filtration,
sedimentation
Filtration,
sedimentation
Do
me
sti
c
Ind
us
tria
l A
gri
cu
ltu
ral
Non-conven-
tional energy
Trans-esteri-fication reactor
* aerobic, anaerobic and algae-based treatment ** membrane filtration
Biological treatment & heavy metal removal using agricultural waste by-
products
Biological treatment & removal of heavy metal and
chemical residues using agricultural waste by-products
Biological* treatment & heavy metal removal and recovery
using mechanical** treatment and/or agricultural waste by-products
An-aerobic digester
Biogas Bio-
diesel
Heavy
metal
Treated
waste-
water
Treated
waste-
water
Fertiliser
Reuse in
agriculture
Use in
afforestation
Algal biomass
Sludge
13
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats
Aminoacids, Sugar, Glycerole, Fatty acids
Hydrolyses(facultative anaerobic bacteria)
Formation of acids(facultativeanaerobic bacteria)
Formation of acetic acid(acetogenic bacteria)
Formation of methane(methanogenic bacteria)
~70% CH , ~30% CO4 2
Propionic acidButyric acid
Alkoholes
HPO
NH /NH
H S
42-
4+
3
2
H /CO
Acetic acid2 2
H /CO
Acetic acid2 2
(Despo Fatta University of Cyprus 2011).
Biogas production
Treatment and use of potential of wastewater
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Filtration,
sedimentation
Filtration,
sedimentation
Filtration,
sedimentation
Do
me
sti
c
Ind
us
tria
l A
gri
cu
ltu
ral
Non-conven-
tional energy
Trans-esteri-fication reactor
* aerobic, anaerobic and algae-based treatment ** membrane filtration
Biological treatment & heavy metal removal using agricultural waste by-
products
Biological treatment & removal of heavy metal and
chemical residues using agricultural waste by-products
Biological* treatment & heavy metal removal and recovery
using mechanical** treatment and/or agricultural waste by-products
An-aerobic digester
Biogas Bio-
diesel
Heavy
metal
Treated
waste-
water
Treated
waste-
water
Fertiliser
Reuse in
agriculture
Use in
afforestation
Algal biomass
Sludge
15
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
(Wang et al. 2008)
Algae-based treatment Wastewater
16
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Biodiesel production
Emad A. Shalaby, 2011
Treatment and use of potential of wastewater
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research
Filtration,
sedimentation
Filtration,
sedimentation
Filtration,
sedimentation
Do
me
sti
c
Ind
us
tria
l A
gri
cu
ltu
ral
Non-conven-
tional energy
Trans-esteri-fication reactor
* aerobic, anaerobic and algae-based treatment ** membrane filtration
Biological treatment & heavy metal removal using agricultural waste by-
products
Biological treatment & removal of heavy metal and
chemical residues using agricultural waste by-products
Biological* treatment & heavy metal removal and recovery
using mechanical** treatment and/or agricultural waste by-products
An-aerobic digester
Biogas Bio-
diesel
Heavy
metal
Treated
waste-
water
Treated
waste-
water
Fertiliser
Reuse in
agriculture
Use in
afforestation
Algal biomass
Sludge
18
Establishment of Plantation Forests and Development of Sustainable
Forestry in Desert Lands of Egypt Using Sewage Water
Education and Research