The Structure of Living Things

Unit 8

Any living thing

Organism

A body part that is made up of smaller parts that work together to do a certain job.

Organ

A group of organs that work together to do a job for the body.

Organ System

The organ in the human body that processes information.

Brain

The human body’s largest organ that covers the outside of the body.

Skin

A hard organ that has a spongy layer inside that may help support the body or protect other organs.

Bones

An organ made of bundles of long fibers that can contract and work with bones to help you move.

Muscles

A hard outer covering, found in many types of animals, that supports and protects the body.

Exoskeleton

The large organs that supports the respiratory system that brings oxygen from the air and into the body and releases carbon dioxide.

Lungs

A muscular organ that pumps blood through the rest of the circulatory system.

Heart

A bag like organ in which food is mixed with digestive juices and squeezed by a muscle.

Stomach

A large organ that makes a digestive juice called bile.

Liver

A large organ that makes digestive juice and insulin.

Pancreas

Organs in the human excretory system that removes waste materials for the blood.

Kidney

Organ in the excretory system that stores and releases urine.

Bladder

The nervous system is made up of these tiny cells.

Aids in passing information to the brain.

Nerve Cells

Chains of nerve cells that carries information to and from the brain.

Nerves

A rope like bundle of nerves that runs along your backbone.

Main pathway for information to travel to and from the brain.

Spinal Cord

The back of the eye that detects light.

Retina

Taste Buds Bumps on the

tongue that sense chemicals in food.

Passes vibrations (sounds) to tiny hairs attached to nerves

Part of the ear

Cochlea

The inner layer of the skin.

It contains hair follicles, sweat glands, bloods vessels, and nerve endings.

Dermis

The outer layer of the skin.

It is thin in some places and thick in others.

Epidermis

Connect bones to joints.

Ligaments

A place where two or more bones meet.

Some joints move and others do not (skull)

Joint

Provides cushion to the ends of bones and forms flexible parts like ears and nose.

Cartilage

Allows air to pass from your nose to your lungs.

Trachea

Brings air from the trachea to the lungs.

Bronchi

Allows air to flow from the bronchi to the aleveoli.

Bronchioles

Tiny sacs that make up most of the lungs.

Alveoli

Carry oxygen throughout your body

Red Blood Cells

Fight foreign objects (viruses, diseases, bacteria, etc)

White Blood Cells

Carries nutrients and blood cells throughout the body.

Plasma

Stops bleeding by sticking together and forming clots.

Think scaps

Platelets

Are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to different parts of the body.

Arteries

Blood vessels that brings blood back to the heart from the lungs and body.

Veins

Are tiny blood vessels with very thin walls that connects arteries and veins.

Oxygen and nutrients can pass through the thin walls to the body.

Capillaries

A long tube that begins in your throat.

It moves food from your mouth to your stomach.

Esophagus

Long tube that digests food and absorbs nutrients your body needs from the digested food.

Anything not absorb is sent to the large intestines.

Small Intestine

A large tube that soaks up water and mineral and leaves only waste.

Solid waste passes out of your body.

Large Intestines

Is a way to measure how much energy your body will get from food.

Calories

A source of energy

Carbohydrates

Builds muscle The only source of

energy your brain uses.

Proteins

Used to make important chemical signals and to store energy.

Fats

Contains information about the food you eat.

Nutrition Label

Is toxic and made of broken down protein.

Ammonia

Takes urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Ureters

A small tube that takes the urine from the bladder to outside the body.

Urethra