Unit 4 Grammar

Attributive Clause

Lectured by Wu Binhua

定语从句（ Attributive Clause ）

学习目标 能识别定语从句 能运用定语从句描述人和物 能够根据语境选用合适的关系代词

A beautiful house

The fastest man

The redThe greenThe smallThe big

apple

The apple which is red is mine.

The apple which is green is yours.

The apple which is red is small.

The apple which is green is big.

形容词作定语

句子做定语

The handsomeThe strongThe cleverThe naughty

boy

The boy who is handsome is Harry Potter.

The boy who is strong is Harry Potter.The boy who is clever is Harry Potter.The boy who is naughty is Harry Potter.

Qing Lai School’s Monthly Test

A dialogue after the test

• A: I did very bad in last exam. I think I am a loser.• B: Take it easy! It is just an exam. I believe you will

be better next time. You know “God helps those who helps themselves”.

• A: Yes, you are right. “He who laughs last laughs best”.

• B: If you study hard, you will be the man. As an old Chinese saying goes, “He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man”.

• God helps those who help themselves.

• 天助自助者。• He who laughs last laughs best.

• 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最甜。• He who doesn’t reach the great wall is not a

true man.

• 不到长城非好汉。

Attributive clause

Attributive Clause

• An attributive clause gives more information about something or someone referred to in the main clause.

God helps those who help themselves.

Main clause Attributive clause

用一句话来修饰一个名词或者代词的句子

Different Parts of Attributive Clause

God helps those who help themselves.

Antecedent 先行词

Relative pronoun 关系代词

Function: subject 功能：在句中做主语

RelativePronoun

AntecedentFunctionSubjectObject

Point out the antecedent, relative pronoun and the function of relative pronoun.

•1. I know the girl who is standing over there.

•2. The bike which costs 300 Yuan is my birthday gift.

•3. We should not look down upon anyone whose family is poor.

Some examples in reading passage

• 1. (Para 2) A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.

• 2. (Para 2) The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400 000.

• 3. (Para 3) Late that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.

• 4. (Para 4) The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

• 5. (Para 4) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

Group discussion

• Translate those attributive clauses into Chinese.

• Tell me which is antecedent （先行词） , which is relative pronoun （关系代词） and the function of relative pronoun. （代词在句中功能）

Some examples in reading passage

• 1. (P2, 4)A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.

• 一条 8 千米长 30 米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。

Relative pronounAntecedent

subject

• 2. (P2,8)The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400 000.

• 死伤的人数达到 40 多万。

• 3 ． (P3, 7) Late that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.

• 在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样强烈的地震震撼着唐山。

• 3. (P4, 4)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

• 军人组成小分队，将被困的人挖出来，将死者掩埋。

• 5. (P4, 8) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

• 救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。

定语从句的构成关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 例句

。。。

。。。

。。。

。。。

which

Who

whose

that

指物

指人

指人或物

指人或物

作主语、宾语（可省略）

作主语、宾语（可省略）

作定语

作主语、宾语（可省略）

看图连句

Let me try!Let me try!

The man ____________________________ is Liu Xiangwho ran the fastest

Liu Xiang is the man ___________________________who ran the fastest.

Mo Yan is the first Chinese _____________________________________

who won

the Nobel Literature Prize.

Which house is mine?

My house

房顶是棕色的房子是我的

The house ______________________ is mine.whose roof is brown

Qing Lai is a private school which / that is_________________________________ supported by Hong He Tobacco Company

关系代词的选择前看

（看先行词）定中间

（关系代词）后看

（看关系词在从句中的功能 )

人 who 主语、宾语

whom 宾语whose 定语（谁的）

物 which 主语、宾语that 主语、宾语

Complete each sentence using that, which, who or whose.

• 1. Here are my neighbours ______ home was destroyed by the earthquake.

• 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ______were asleep.

• 3. “The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring ________ he had lost on the train.”

• 4. Several days later most of the buildings ________ had been damaged were repaired.

whose

who

(which/ that)

which/ that

做题原则：前看后看定中间

• 1. The prize will go to the writer _____story shows the most imagination. (2011 新课标 )

• A. that B. which C. whose D. what

• 2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______ are built close to each other. (2011 山东高考 )

• A. they B. where C. what D. that

C

D

Some proverbs• A man who has neglected ( 忽视 )his stud

ies in youth will regret it in later years. • 少壮不努力 老大徒伤悲• A man who fears suffering is already suff

ering from what he fears.• 害怕痛苦的人 已经在承受他所害怕的痛苦

了• Friendship is a plant which must be ofte

n watered. • 友谊之树要常浇水

Summary

An attributive clause is a clause which gives more information about someone or something referred to in the main clause.

Three parts of an attributive clause: antecedents, relative pronoun, functionHow to choose correct relative pronoun.

原则：前看后看定中间

导与练 47 & 48 语法练习