Unit 2Colonial America

to theFrench and Indian War

Section 1:13 BRITISH COLONIES

New England Colonies

• Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Connecticut• New Hampshire

forward

Section 1 – British Colonies

• Puritans

N.E.

John Winthrop

N.E.

Section 1 – British Colonies

• Massachusetts Bay Colony

• reform

• Great Migration

N.E.

Roger Williams

N.E.

Section 1 – British Colonies

• separate

• toleration

N.E.

Anne Hutchinson

Thomas Hooker

N.E.

Section 1 – British Colonies

• limiting

• expansion followed by war

• Meetinghouses

• Sabbath

• strict

N.E.

Middle Colonies

• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania• Delaware

forward

Section 1 – British Colonies

• purchased

• trade

• colonies

M

William Penn

M

Section 1 – British Colonies

• Quakers

• reformers

• equality, pacifism, no slavery

• holy experiment

• Philadelphia

M

Section 1 – British Colonies

• Towns

• cash crops

M

Southern Colonies

• Virginia• Maryland• Carolinas

(North & South)

• Georgia

forward

Section 1 – British Colonies

• plantations

So

Nathaniel Bacon

So

Section 1 – British Colonies

• Bacon’s Rebellion

So

• Virginia House of Burgesses

– 1st elected lower house in legislative assembly in the New World; established 1619

Lord Baltimore, George Calvert

So

•Catholics

•Act of Toleration

Section 1 – British Colonies

• slave

• plantations relied on slave labor

• Charles Town

So

James Oglethorpe

So

Section 1 – British Colonies

• indentured

• Spain

• Geography

So

Section 1 – British Colonies

• Gentry

• Middle

• 75%

• Indentured

So

Section 1 – British Colonies

• strong

• weaker

So

Section 1 – British Colonies

• duty

• public

• private

• England

• dame

Col

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

Girl with Hornbook(wooden paddle)

• Easy to hold handle

• Hole in handle for leather thong

• Carried on belt or around neck

• Transparent Horn kept lessons from being spoiled

• Used in Europe beginning in mid-15th C

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

Girl with Hornbook

(wooden paddle)

• Transparent Horn

– Horn of oxen & sheep• Left in cold water

for several weeks, to separate usable part from bone

• Then heated, first in boiling water, then by fire

• Pressed by plates & machines to make it smooth & transparent

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

Typical Hornbook

• Alphabet• Vowel and consonant

combinations• Lord’s Prayer• Form of a cross• Praise of the Trinity

(hand written on piece of

parchment & tacked to

wooden paddle)

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

New England Primer

• Textbook used by students in English settlements in North America

• First published and used in London

• First printed in Boston in 1690

• Over 5 million copies sold

• Used into the 19th C

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

• In 1700s, schools in colonies were strongly influenced by religion, including moral values

• Inability to read was Satan’s attempt to keep people from the Scriptures

• Emphasis was placed on fear of sin, God’s punishment, and the fact that all people would have to face death

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

Scene from a poorly lit grammar school room

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

Scene from a dame school

African Slaves – Middle Passage

1753 North America

George Washington

Benjamin Franklin

• Proposed the

Albany Plan of Union at the

Albany Congress

• Grand Council to– make laws– raise taxes– to set up defense

Albany Congress – Albany Plan of Union

• Delegates voted to accept the plan

• No colonial assemblies approved it

– Colonies did not want to give up any of their powers to a central council

French and Indian War

French advantages

in the beginning

English had no united defense

Single New France government acted more quickly

More Indian allies

English advantages

English colonies were clustered along coast

French settlements were widely scattered

English population was 15 times greater

British navy ruled seas

William Pitt

James Wolfe

Quebec

Montreal

After French and Indian War

control

Proclamation of 1763

• Colonials were forbidden to settle west of the line

• Colonials already settled west of the line were ordered to remove themselves at once

• 10,000 British troops were sent to the colonies to enforce the law

• Attempt to gain better control of colonists

Education in British Colonies

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

Girl with Hornbook(wooden paddle)

• East to hold handle• Hole in handle for leather

thong• Carried on belt or around

neck

• Transparent Horn kept lessons from being spoiled

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

Typical Hornbook

• Alphabet• Vowel and consonant

combinations• Lord’s Prayer• Form of a cross• Praise of the Trinity

(hand written on piece of

parchment & tacked to

wooden paddle)

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

New England Primer

• Textbook used by students in English settlements in North America

• First published and used in London

• First printed in Boston in 1690

• Over 5 million copies sold

• Used into the 19th C

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

Scene from a dame school

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

A stern and austere Puritan worship service

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies

Harvard College yard

13 Col

13 Col

After French and Indian War

mercantilismregulate

Navigation Acts

Yankees

governor

legislature

power of the purse

Africans, Indians, & servants

had almost no rights

Women had

few rights