Post on 23-Feb-2016
description
Understanding Children
Two and Three Year Olds
Terms to Know• Language comprehension
• Expressive language
• Egocentric
• Gender roles
• Self – concept
2 year olds
Physical Development• Gross motor development – Improved coordination and body
control – Can walk up and down stairs if they
place both feet on each stair – Can jump several inches off the
floor– Can sit on a riding toy and move it
by pushing with their feet
Physical Development• Fine motor development – Can insert keys into a lock and turn
pages in a book one at a time – Can hold scissors properly – Hand preference is fairly developed – At 24 months, kids can scribble – Hold the crayon or pencil in their fist – Can build with blocks
Physical Development• Self – help skills – Undress self – Dress self by pulling on simple
garments – Zipper usage– Drink from a cup or glass– Can use a spoon – Potty training
Cognitive Development
• Language Comprehension Skills – Understanding of language – 2 year olds can understand and
answer routine questions (e.g. What is that?)
– Can tell difference between soft/heavy, big/tall
Cognitive Development
• Expressive Language Skills – The ability to produce language forms– The child’s experiences affect the rate
and content – Important to provide an environment
that stimulates language development – Two language strategies
• Feeding – in: you provide child’s language • Expansion: reframing child’s word into a
sentence
Cognitive Development
• Express language skills– 50 to 200 word vocabulary – Girls generally develop language
skills faster than boys – Often use the word “no”
Cognitive Development
• Math Readiness Skills– Developed as children interact with
others and with objects – Begin to sort objects by shape and
color
Social – Emotional Development
• Social development – Children play next to each, but not
with each other–More interested in adults than other
kids – Act out adult experiences as they
play (driving, talking on the phone)– Possessive; do not want to share – Affectionate
Social – Emotional Development
• Emotional development – 2 year olds like to be able to control their
surroundings – Doing a task too difficult for them may cause
anger – Commonly develop fears (most often of
being harmed or hurt, or stem from their imagination)
– Need regular routines to build trust and security
– Need love and caring, despite their temper
When teaching 2 year oldsbe prepared for:
– The word “no”… A LOT – Egocentricity … they think you feel
the same way they day– Dawdling … they go at their own pace – Curiosity … especially with toys. Add
new items a few at a time. – Temper tantrums … be calm and
composed.
3 year olds
Physical Development • Gross motor
development – Throwing, jumping
and hopping improve due to better coordination
– Can climb and descend stairs easily
– Can ride and steer tricycle
• Fine motor skills – Cutting skills more
refined – Can reproduce simple
shapes as they draw – Can trace – Enjoy drawing faces
that include a mouth, eyes, nose and ears that are not proportional
Physical Development• Self – help skills – Daily care routines require little
assistance from adults– Open buckles on clothes – Put on shoes (without strings)– Have trouble telling front from back
of clothing –Most have almost full control of toilet
routines
Cognitive Development
• Able to solve simple problems • Still egocentric • Learn quickly – Language comprehension,
expressive language, and math readiness skills continue to improve
Cognitive Development
• Language comprehension skills – Can remember and follow 3 part
instructions – Understand pronouns such as you,
they– Space concepts become clearer
Cognitive Development
• Expressive language skills – Children may use more than 900
words – Start to use question words
(why/when) – As children play, they frequently
talk out loud to themselves
Cognitive Development
• Math Readiness Skills – Understand
more/less/smaller/empty– Like to compare objects– Counting skills begin at this age – Distinguish between one and many
Social – Emotional Development
• Social development – Eager to help others, especially
adults – Adjust to new people more easily – Begin to play with other children –Will share some– Begin to learn gender roles • Behaviors that are expected of girls and
boys
Social – Emotional Development
• Emotional development– Strong, visible emotions – Eager to act in ways that please others – Likely to become angry when things do not go
their way, but direct anger toward object instead of person
– Developing a self – concept: the way they see themselves
– Not as frightened by objects that they know, but afraid of imagined dangers (dark)
– Fearful of pain – Affectionate
Teaching 3 year olds: • Eager to please • Enjoy playing alone and in groups
of 2 or 3 • Enjoy pretending to cook, shop • Become increasingly independent• Need encouragement to be
independent
Task Rotation• You will be visiting 4 different stations.
You will have approximately 10 minutes at each station.
• After you complete the task at each station, you will answer the following questions on your own paper: 1. Which station are you at? 2. What task did you complete? 3. Does this task work on fine or gross
motor development?