ULTRASONIC CAR BRAKING SYSTEM

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CONTENTS

• Introduction• Literature Survey• Objective• Scope • Block diagram• Methodology• Work Done• References

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INTRODUCTION

Accidents are increasing day by day. Cause serious injury, death and

property damage. Most commonly, accidents are caused

by delay of the drivers to hit the brake. Proposed a system that makes the car

brake by itself.

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Literature Survey

• India has now the worst road traffic accident rate worldwide as revealed by WHO(2008).

• The main reasons are speeding, drunk driving and low use of helmets etc.

• Every year accident death rate have crossed 1,35,000 mark according to NCRB.

• No companies have come up with automated braking system.

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OBJECTIVE

To develop a safety car braking system .

Reduction of traffic collisions.

To design a vehicle with less human attention to the driving.

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SCOPE

Detection of obstacles using Ultrasonic sensor.

To process the output from the ultrasonic sensor to drive the servo motor.

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TransmitterTransmitter

Obstacle detected

Ultrasonic receiver

Braking circuit

Reflected wave

Car brake

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Working in Brief

• Ultrasonic wave generation• Transmission• Obstacle detection• Receive the signal• Compare with reference signal• PIC 16F84A microcontroller process

the signal• Give instruction to output

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Basic operation of Ultrasonic sensor

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Ultrasonic sensorAdvantages:-• Discrete distances to moving objects can be

detected and measured.• Less affected by target materials and surfaces,

and not affected by color.

Disadvantages:-• Temperature fluctuation.

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Block diagramUltrasonic Transmitter

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• 555 IC is used to generate ultrasonic frequencies.

• f =1.44/[C1(R1+2R2)] R1 and R2 are in Kilo ohms. C1 is in microfarads. f is in KHz.• Controlled by the microcontroller.• Transmits sound waves of suitable

frequencies.

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Ultrasonic Receiver

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• Receiver receives the echo pulse.• Processed by the on chip ADC of the microcontroller.• For every particular distance of the obstacle

the signal value of the receiver is fixed and can be found using calibration process.

• This value can then be taken as a reference value in the program for controlling the speed of the motor.

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Pin Diagram of PIC 16F84A Microcontroller

• It is an 8-bit Microcontroller

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START

DETERMINATION OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE FOR THE SYSTEM

HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMMING IN PIC

ANALYSIS

INTEGRATION OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

OUTPUT

METHODOLOGY

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Software development: PIC16F84A microcontroller programming.

Hardware development: Ultrasonic sensor PIC16F84A microcontroller Servo motor : ( Servo Motor Movement Timing )

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Work Done

• Collected the data for the project.• Read the related theories from books.• Developed Block diagram.• Gathered information about the equipments

to be used.Ex:PIC16F84A,Ultrasonic Transducer, Ultrasonic Receiver.

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Queries..?

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Suggestions..!

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Thank You.

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