Post on 15-Dec-2015
description
. , 3/5/2004 8-1
8
8.
8.1 ( ) . , , . : 1. , .
2. ( ).
3. . , .
4. .
5. . 6. .
8.2 , : 1. (..
) .
2. (.. ).
( RMR) ( ). , (k) . (
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- ) k = 0.10, 10% () . , , () 2%, 2.2% , 2.4% 2.6% . , . : ( )[ ]oeteoet ttkttk /log1)/log( +=+= k , t (t), e () , (to) . 1 2 t1 t2 t2=10xt1, : ek = 12 , (k) . , ( 1). , eoE / ( to) /E (t), :
( )oo ttkEE /log11
+= , n- ( o
n tt =10 ), to=1.2 (n = 1 1 , n = 2 10 n = 3 100 ) :
nkEE o += 1
1
:
/ k 1 10 100
0.02 0.980 0.961 0.943 0.05 0.952 0.909 0.870 0.10 0.909 0.833 0.769 0.15 0.870 0.769 0.690
30% .
. , 3/5/2004 8-3
8.3
8.3.1 : 1. ( ) . , , . , .
2. .
3. , ( " "). : () ,
Winkler .
() , .
. ( ) .
8.3.2 ( )
. , , . , .
. , 3/5/2004 8-4
8.3.2.1 RMR Unal (1983) RMR. :
tv Hp = BRMRHt
=100
100
: = = RMR = ( Bieniawski)
: vh pp = NGI ( ).
5-10 , NATM RMR>50 100 . , RMR>50.
8.3.2.2 NGI ( Q) (Q) :
=
SRFJ
JJ
JRQDQ w
a
r
n
: RQD = Rock Quality Designation ( ) Jn = Jr = Ja = Jw = SRF = (Stress Relief Factor)
( kg/cm2): 312132
= QJ
Jp n
rv
: vh pp = :
Q Q > 10 0.58
0.1 < Q < 10 0.74 Q < 10 1.0
NATM NGI. (Q>0.05).
. , 3/5/2004 8-5
Q 1.5 (b+h). Terzaghi 1940 5 , .
8.3.3
.
8.3.3.1 Terzaghi
8.3.3.1.1 (D < 2.5 B) , .
. , 3/5/2004 8-6
dz ( 1): dzdBdzB v 2+= :
+==+=
245tan2tan hbBKc vhh
:
=
+B
cBBK
dzd
vv 2tan2
: v(z=0) = q z :
( )zzv eBcqe += 121 tan2
BK= . () Terzaghi
(=1). (v) (v = q + z). ( z=D):
( )DDv eBcqep += 121 , (d) :
( )
+=2
45tan22
45tan2 cdpp vh (pv) .
1: Terzaghi.
. , 3/5/2004 8-7
8.3.3.1.2 (D > 2.5 B) , , . ( ) ( 2.5 ), q = (D - H), ( ):
( ) ( )p D H e cB
evH H= +
1 2
1
.
8.3.3.2 Protodyakonov ( )
( ) :
HBfp
=2
: B b h= + 2 45 2tan
: b, h = , . f = :
: f cc
= + tan , c =
: f c= 100
,
c ( kg/cm2)
2: Protodyakonov
. , 3/5/2004 8-8
(f) :
- f 10-20
, 8 , 5-6 , , 2-5
1.0-1.5* , 0.3-0.8*
* f : f = tan + c/c , Protodyakonov (D) Hp 2Hp. . ( ):
p Hv p,max = ( x) :
p px
Bv v=
,max 1 2
2
:
( )p H B bv p=
1
1
32
Terzaghi ( ). ( ), , :
pv 1.50 ph 0.2 1.2
Protodyakonov ( ) (RMR>40). ( ) .
. , 3/5/2004 8-9
8.3.4 , ( " "). : () ,
Winkler .
() , .
8.3.4.1 Winkler Winkler (r) () :
( )kE
Rr= +1 , k = (0.3-0.5)kr
: = = Poisson R = . , . ( Terzaghi RMR), Winkler () .
8.3.4.2 , . , . : 1. ( ). ( ).
. , 3/5/2004 8-10
2. . - . () .
, ( ) ( ). . (deconfinement) ( ).
() (, , ). ( ).
() . . .
. , : () ,
.
() . ()
. 3. . , . , . , : () .
. .
() . (
. , 3/5/2004 8-11
). , , ( ). , .
() / . , , , ( ) . . , , , .
() .
8.4
8.4.1 ' (.. ). , : 1. . ( ). , . , ( ) .
2. . . , .
. , 3/5/2004 8-12
. , (10-15 ) (100-500 ) . : 1. (30-100 ) .
2. . ( ) .
3. 1 , . , ( ) , .
8.4.2 , "" . (.. ). , . , : 1.
( ) (S) .
2. ( ) (S) .
1
. , 3/5/2004 8-13
, ( ) , ( ). , , (.. 10-15 ) . , .
8.4.3 () T.R. Kuesel: "Earthquake Design Criteria for Subways", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol 95, No ST6, June 1969, pages 1213-1231. : 1. . 2. . .
8.4.3.1 ( ) (S) . () ( 3): () :
= txAux cos2sinsin () :
= txAuy cos2sincos :
=
=
. , 3/5/2004 8-14
sin =
cos = /cos = = 2f = (f = ) x = y =
( ) :
== txA
xux
x cos2coscossin2
:
cossin2 Ax =
, () :
yy u
xu
R 222
2
2 cos41
==
, ( ) () :
3:
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=R
Bb
12
:
( ) 232
2
22 cos2coscos42
12
ABAB
RB
b =
==
, :
coscossin2 2
+
=+= BAbx . 2 (6) (), : /cos = 6, :
coscos
6sin2
+
= A
= 32, :
A2.5max =
= 32 . () Kuesel (1969) 4. () : 1. () 2. , :
gamaxmax = 4 ( , , ). Kuesel (1969) . Kuesel . . . 2/3 . 4 (max = 5.2 /) . , . : = V/f, (V ) (f ) 2
. , 3/5/2004 8-16
. 3 . , : = maxL, (L) . ' , , (max) (.. max < 10-4). : cross-hole: Vo = 600 m/sec ( ): f = 0.5 Hz , amax = 0.24 g.
50-75% (Vo) :
V=0.67*600=400 m/sec :
= V / f = 400 / 0.5 = 800 m Kuesel :
5maxmax
102.21000
24.009.01000
09.009.01000 ==== AA
: = 2.2 x 10 -5 x 80000 = 1.76 cm
3
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
100 1000 10000
Wa ve length (m)
1000
*A/(
* m
ax)
soft soilstiff soilsoft rockmedium rock
4: (A)
() (max) (Kuesel, 1969).
. , 3/5/2004 8-17
: max = 5.2 x 2.2 x 10-5 = 1.1 x 10-4 12 m, :
= maxL = 1.1 x 10-4 x 12000 = 1.4 mm
8.4.3.2 ' (SV) . Kuesel (1969) () :
max230.2
=VH
: ( ) ( ).
V ( m/sec) .
(u) (d) :
u = (H - d) .
. , 3/5/2004 8-18