Post on 16-Sep-2018
Tripartite Meeting on Sustainable Urbanization for Poverty Eradication
Side Event on the Lake Tanganyika Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Management Programme (LT-WATSAN)
Kigali, Rwanda September 4, 2013
OVERVIEW OF LT-WATSAN
Presentation by Urban Basic Services Branch,
UN-HABITAT
Small Towns – The Context Defined as Urban centres with
population typically between 10,000 and 500,000 persons
They are commercial/marketing centres with large daytime/market day population figures
They have features that are both urban and rural which presents challenges in service delivery
Their evolution is often more spontaneous and ad-hoc rather than planned and they are growing rapidly with urbanization trends that exceed national averages
REQUEST BY COMESA TO UN-HABITAT TO FACILITATE A WATSAN PROGRAM IN LAKE TANGANYIKA REGION
Following the successful implementation of the LVWATSAN programme in the Lake Victoria Basin, COMESA requested early 2011 UN-HABITAT to formulate a similar programme in the Lake Tanganyika Basin. The following targets were agreed: Identification of small urban centres in the 5 countries bordering Lake
Tanganyika (Burundi, DRC Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia), which would meet the set objectives.
Development Objectives: Improve water and environmental sanitation while building capacity in
governance, urban planning, climate change adaptation and environmental management through a regional approach.
Use the project as an entry point to promote social and economic stability, to support economic and trade expansion, and regional integration.
Establish partnerships with the LTA and national governments (Min. of Water, Min. of Health, Min. of Environment, Min. of Local Government, etc)
The 2nd deepest and 2nd largest lake in the world by volume – starting to show signs of environmental stress
Known for its rich biodiversity
An essential transportation link for the riparian countries
Located in a region that is slowly recovering from long years of conflict
Although the region is rich in natural resources, the riparian countries are among the poorest in the world.
OVERVIEW OF LAKE TANGANYIKA
Lake Tanganyika
DR Congo
Zambia
Tanzania
FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (1)
Initial consultations were held with LTA on a Lake Tanganyika water program(2010)
UN-Habitat made available a budget for preparation (May 2011)
Identification of potential towns (July 2011)
FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (2)
Meeting was held with Delegates of the 5 Countries to discuss selection and confirmation requested
Rapid Appraisals were carried out in the period August – Sept 2011
Formulation of ‘Project Identification Fiche – (‘PIF’) - September 2011
FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (3)
Preparation of Country Packages (Oct-Nov 2011)
Confirmation of selected towns with national governments (Jan 2012)
Detailed Field Appraisals carried out (Jan – Feb 2012)
Draft MoU prepared between LTA and UN-Habitat
SELECTED TOWNS
During August-September 2011, an initial appraisal study was carried out in the pre-selected 15 towns by UN-Habitat in close coordination with the five Governments:
Burundi Rumonge, Nyanza-Lac and Gatumba
DR Congo: Kalemie, Moba, Uvira and Kiliba Tanzania Kigoma, Kasulu, Mpanda, Namanyere Rwanda Rusizi and Rubavu Zambia
Mbala and Mpulungu
FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (4)
Preparation of ‘Action Fiche’ with IRCC/COMESA - Feb. 2012
ACTION FICHE
1. IDENTIFICATION
Title/Number LAKE TANGANYIKA WATER, SANITATION AND
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT.
Total cost EUR 45 MILLION
EU/EDF contribution:36 MILLION
Contribution of the beneficiary countries (parallel co-
financing):EUR 9 MILLION
Method of
implementation
JOINT MANAGEMENT : CONTRACTING AUTHORITY and
COMESA
IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT: COMESA and UN-HABITAT
DAC-code Sector
2. RATIONALE
2.1. Sector context policies and strategies
2.1.1. Regional Organisations
The five Regional Organisations in the Lake Tanganyika Region, COMESA, Lake Tanganyika
Authority (LTA), East Africa Community (EAC), Great Lakes Initiative Conference (GLIC),
and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) all have mandates and strategies for
promoting socio-economic development and improving the sustainable management of natural
resources. COMESA’s overall strategy includes a focus on coordinating joint action on trans-
boundary environmental conservation, as well as promoting programmes which can help to
overcome infrastructural bottlenecks to trade and investment. COMESA also attaches
importance to programmes which can strengthen the capacity of women to play a more active
role as economic actors. The member states of the EAC have adopted a Protocol on the
environment and natural resources management. The GLIC is charged with the coordination of
a number of regional programmes aimed at achieving peace and stability in the Great Lakes
Region of Africa. These programmes include natural resources management, regional
integration and economic development. Regional projects which involve member countries of
COMESA, EAC and SADC, (such as the proposed Lake Tanganyika Water, Sanitation and
Environmental Management Project) have been identified as an effective operational
mechanism to further strengthen the collaboration between these organizations.
2.1.2. Partner Governments
Water supply, sanitation and environmental management are key components of the national
development strategies of the 5 countries which share the Lake Tanganyika Basin. Burundi and
DRC are in the process of developing a water and sanitation sector reform, with the support of
GIZ. Tanzania, Rwanda and Zambia have existing water and sanitation reforms, and have
developed strategies and action plans for investment for rural and urban areas. Considerable
work still needs to be done in terms of formulation and enforcement of comprehensive policies
with regard to terrestrial and lacustrine environmental conservation. In all the countries,
however, there exist functional frameworks for investments in the water, sanitation and solid
waste management. Building and strengthening the capacity of Member States is one of the
FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (5)
Application to EU for funding under EDF-10 was submitted (March 2012)
Concept Note prepared requesting co-funding from GEF / UNEP (Jun-July 2012)
CONCEPT NOTE Submitted by
UN-Habitat in partnership with Lake Tanganyika Authority
Strengthening of the Environmental Component of the Lake Tanganyika Water, Sanitation and Environmental Management
Project
Request for additional funding from GEF Trust Fund to meet Targets of the Strategic Components as formulated in the updated Strategic Action Programme (SAP) for the Protection of Biodiversity and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Lake Tanganyika and its Basin prepared by the Lake Tanganyika Authority Secretariat (LTAS).
The Strategic Action Programme (SAP) is a negotiated policy document that identifies actions in terms of policy, legal and institutional reforms and investments needed to address priority transboundary problems. The SAP defines national priorities within a regional framework, as there are incremental benefits to shared international water resources and global biodiversity.
The SAP document produced by the Lake Tanganyika Authority Secretariat was funded by UNDP/GEF project. Today, LTAS is facilitating the development of National Action Plans which contain the concrete activities to be implemented in each country
Six main Environmental Quality Objectives have been formulated in the SAP that are aimed to be achieved by 2035. For each objective, the SAP presents a set of specific targets that are subsequently broken down into a set of strategic actions. Table 1. Environmental Quality Objectives of the SAP
Environmental Quality Objective Targets
Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as human societies are sufficiently resilient to adapt to the impacts of climate change and variability
Enhanced resilience of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
Increased preparedness and capacity to adapt to climate change impact
Improved knowledge-base, monitoring and information-management mechanisms
Fish stocks are healthy and adequately managed to sustain future exploitation
Reduced fishing pressure in the pelagic zone
Reduced fishing pressure in the littoral zone
Ornamental fisheries controlled and managed
Erosion and sedimentation rates are reduced through sustainable land management practises
Sustainable agriculture activities increased
Deforestation rates decreased
Sustainable land management strategies in place
Critical habitats are protected, restored, and managed for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use
Protected area resource management improved
Critical aquatic and terrestrial habitats protected, restored and managed
FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (6)
Preparation of Bankable Feasibility Study – Nov- Dec 2012
Discussions with AfDB concerning possible funding (March 2013)
Numerous attempts to organise a High-Level Ministerial Meeting (Nov. 2012, March, May, June, July 2013)
Lake Tanganyika Water, Sanitation and Environmental Management Project Feasibility Study Report Volume I – Main Report November 2012
United Nations Human Settlements Programme P.O Box 30030, GPO Nairobi, 00100, Kenya Telephone: +254 7624910 Website: www. unhabitat.org
LT-WATSAN PROGRAMME STRATEGIES
• Feasible • Reliable • Sustainable • Affordable • Pro-poor focus • Regionally
accepted • Appropriate
to end user • Environment
ally positive • Attainable
goals • Adapted to
climate change
• Regional urban dialogue
• Capacity development in regional bodies
• Regional urban planning
• Regional watsan database
• Regional climate change adaptation planning
• Regional networking and collaboration
Design Horizon:
2017: Immediate Phase
2027: Medium term
2037: Long term Components:
Water supply: Reliable & Affordable
Sanitation: On-site & Sewered (long-term)
SWM: Removal management/Recycling
Drainage: Sustainable Urban Drainage/IWRM
Local economic development: with UNIDO
Urban planning: Capacity building & plans
Environment: Urban catchment management
Climate Change Adaptation & Mitigation
TCB: Regional, National and Town level
Financing: Phased-Planning > Immediate > Designs > Long term actions
Elements Regional Program design
MAIN FINDINGS OF THE APPRAISAL (1)
Massive post-conflict
unplanned
urbanization
Weak capacity of
service providers and
municipal authorities
facing large and
mounting problems;
Widespread poverty
and large groups of
vulnerable persons
MAIN FINDINGS OF THE APPRAISAL (2)
Widespread poverty and large
groups of vulnerable persons
Very limited access to basic
urban services, especially
water and sanitation and solid
waste management
Old CWP in Ujiji (TZ)
MAIN FINDINGS OF THE APPRAISAL (3)
Growing
environmental
deterioration in urban
centres and the Lake
Increasing impacts of
Climate Change
visible.
Kalemie DRC
OTHER FINDINGS OF THE APPRAISAL
Towns in Burundi and DRC have
suffered the ravages of civil war while
those in Tanzania and Zambia
received a massive influx of refugees.
Burundi has to accommodate large
numbers of ‘returnees’.
All towns have grown tremendously
and the existing infrastructure cannot
cope.
Access to safe drinking water and
sanitation varies between 5% and
30%
None of the towns have a functional
solid waste management system.
HOW CAN LT-WATSAN ADDRESS THESE PROBLEMS? Delivery of water and sanitation
services provides an ideal entry point to address a broad range of developmental issues;
The Programme is designed to address service provision, institutional development, social stability, skills training and local economic development for the extreme poor and vulnerable, as well as environmental management and pollution control;
Through a regional approach, the Programme will forge regional networks and a shared awareness of the Lake as a regional public good, and provide twinning with LVWATSAN.
LT-WATSAN: PROPOSED AREAS OF IMPLEMENTATION (1)
Improving living
conditions by
expanding the
delivery of water
supply, sanitation
and other basic
services, with
special emphasis
on the needs of the
poor and
marginalized
groups;
LT-WATSAN: PROPOSED AREAS OF IMPLEMENTATION (2)
Reduced environmental degradation by promoting
energy efficiency in service provision, the expanded use of
energy from waste, waste recycling and more effective
approaches to urban catchment management;
Pro-poor approaches to service delivery and community
empowerment through capacity building and local
economic development;
Climate Change Adaptation strategy prepared and
mitigation measures developed
LT-WATSAN: PROPOSED AREAS OF IMPLEMENTATION (2)
Pollution control in the Lake Tanganyika catchment through
improved environmental sanitation, and waste management;
Improving governance and urban management by
strengthening the capacity of municipal authorities and service
providers;
Promoting sustainable management of land and other
natural resources through urban planning;
Strengthening regional cooperation by establishing
collaborative networks among local authorities and water and
sewerage utilities; and
Formulating a long term urban infrastructure and
institutional development plan in water, sanitation and
environmental management
PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION MODEL FOR LT-WATSAN
Design and implement a First Phase in the 15 Towns focusing on Quick Impact Interventions to rehabilitate and expand infrastructure to increase access to services in 3 years.
A comprehensive programme of institutional development and capacity building to include measures to promote stronger municipal governance, gender parity and social stability;
Skills training and capacity enhancement for the poor and disadvantaged including returning refugees, women and youth ;
Local Economic Development programme, to stimulate local economic activities and promote investment;
Assistance in participatory urban planning;
Technical assistance to the LTA to enable the LTA to design and mobilize funding for a long term programme of water, sanitation and environmental management (including preparation of a long term investment programme)
SUMMARY BUDGET FOR SHORT-TERM (2017) DEVELOPMENT (’000
USD)
Component Burundi DR
Congo
Rwanda Tanzania Zambia Scheme
Total
Water 1,298 1,897 795 1,535 1,209 6,733
Sanitation 935 1,665 774 2,050 801 6,226
Solid Waste 359 804 290 721 296 2,470
Other ST Interventions 814 3,078 742 3,711 1,336 9,682
Local Econ Dev (UNIDO) 175 100 170 160 160 765
Consultancy Costs 322 679 249 736 342 2,329
Project Sub-total 3,904 8,223 3,021 8,913 4,144 28,205
Institutional Capacity Building 645 860 430 860 430 3,225
PMU 252 336 168 336 168 1,260
Programme Coordination 600 800 400 800 400 3,000
Scheme Sub-total 5,401 10,219 4,019 10,909 5,142 35,690
Contingency (10%) 540 1,022 402 1,091 514 3,569
SCHEME TOTAL 5,941 11,241 4,421 12,000 5,656 39,259
SUMMARY BUDGET FOR MEDIUM TERM (2027) DEVELOPMENT (’000 USD)
Component Burundi DR
Congo
Rwanda Tanzania Zambia Scheme
Total
Water 3,104 26,719 4,064 9,296 6,742 49,924
Sanitation 1,217 8,863 1,854 11,940 4,249 28,122
Solid Waste 423 965 360 822 342 2,912
Other ST Interventions 2,443 16,067 1,789 12,248 4,078 36,624
Local Econ Dev (UNIDO) 30 - - 214 57 301
Consultancy Costs 650 4,735 726 3,107 1,392 10,609
Project Sub-total 7,866 57,348 8,792 37,626 16,860 128,493
Institutional Capacity Building 375 500 250 500 250 1,875
PMU 200 336 116 336 168 1,156
Programme Coordination 600 800 400 800 400 3,000
Scheme Sub-total 9,041 58,984 9,558 39,262 17,678 134,524
Contingency (10%) 904 5,898 956 3,926 1,768 13,452
SCHEME TOTAL 9,945 64,883 10,513 43,188 19,446 147,976
Financial and Economic Analysis In the Feasibility Report a financial and economic analysis was carried
out:
For the proposed water supply systems the objectives were to:
Appraise whether the proposed investment is financially viable and
economically feasible;
For the proposed sanitation interventions
The viability of the proposed investment was analysed in terms of the
benefit/cost ratio
The Analysis concluded that the Proposed Project is Feasible but
should include measures to reform tariffs subject to willingness to
pay and affordability
Economic and Financial Analysis: Example
Conclusions from the Financial and Economic Analysis for Sanitation