BLEEDING GUM

Dr. Somrita Bhattacharya

BDS

Reg no – 3635 A

Email – Somritabh@gmail.com

TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION

Introduction to Bleeding Gums

Major Causes

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

Other Generic Causes

Systemic Causes

Symptoms of Bleeding Gums

Diagnosing Bleeding Gums

Treatment

BLEEDING GUM

More than 80% of adults have some form of

periodontal disease

99% of those have no signs to indicate they

have a problem. patient's mouth is a portal to

patient's body.

More than 90% of all systemic diseases have

oral manifestations!

INCEDENCE

Bleeding gums is more commonly seen in

adults.

In case of children, it is mostly due to injury due

to improper brushing.

In case of adults or the aged, it is often found

to be related with disease.

Females have higher incidences than males.

Marginal gingivitis is most common

CAUSES

The main cause of bleeding gum is the build up

of plaque at the gum line. This will lead to a

condition called gingivitis, or inflamed gums.

Plaque that is not removed will harden into

tartar or more specifically calculus. This will

lead to increased bleeding and a more

advanced form of gum and alveolar bone

disease known as periodontitis.

GINGIVITIS..

Inflammation of the gums tissues is called gingivitis.

Bacteria in plaque (bacterial biofilms) around the

teeth release enzymes (collagenases) that can

damage and erode the gum tissues leading to

inflammation

The symptoms of gingivitis are:

Swollen gums

Bright red or purple gums

Gums that are tender or painful to the touch

Bleeding gums or bleeding after brushing and/or

flossing

Bad breath (halitosis)

Periodontitis Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene. However in the

absence of treatment, or if not controlled, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a set of inflammatory diseases affecting the periodontium, the tissues that surround and support the teeth. It involves progressive loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth, and if left untreated, can lead to the loosening and subsequent loss of teeth.

Periodontitis is caused by microorganisms that adhere to and grow on the tooth's surfaces, along with an aggressive immune response against these microorganisms.

A diagnosis of periodontitis is established by inspecting the soft gum tissues around the teeth with a probe (clinical examination) and by evaluating the patient's X-ray films (radiographic examination), to determine the amount of bone loss around the teeth.

Symptoms may include:

Redness or bleeding of gums while brushing teeth,

using dental floss or biting into hard food.

Gum swelling that recurs.

Spitting out blood after brushing teeth, gum bleeding.

Halitosis, or bad breath, and a persistent metallic taste

in the mouth

Gingival recession, resulting in apparent lengthening of

teeth.

Deep pockets between the teeth and the gums

Loose teeth, in the later stages.

Other causes of bleeding gums

include:

Brushing too hard

Ill-fitting dentures or other dental appliances

Improper flossing

Infection, which can be either tooth- or gum-related

Periodontal disease Dental caries Injury / trauma which may be caused by a blow,

insertion of foreign substances, tooth picking, improper flossing, etc.

It may also get injured from irritation of chemicals/acids in foods, drinks, mouth fresheners, tooth whiteners and medicines.

Mouth sores can also spread infection to gums to cause bleeding.

Systemic causes includes:

Leukaemia

Scurvy

Use of blood thinners

Vitamin K deficiency

Hormonal changes during

pregnancy

Idiopathic

thrombocytopenic purpura.

Diabetes

Dry mouth

Certain medications

Infection :◦ Bacterial infection

◦ Viral infection

Blood dyscrasias

Aplastic anemia

Neoplastic infiltration

Thrombocytopenia

Hemophilia

Symptoms• Bleeding on slightest injury or even touch.

• Red, tender or swollen gums.

• Blood with bloody taste in mouth.

• Sometimes, due to bleeding gums, pus can be

squeezed from the gums.

• Bad breath or halitosis.

• Recession of gums from the teeth.

• Sensitive teeth.

• Loose and mobile teeth.

• Food lodgment

• Difficulty and discomfort in mastication and food intake

occasionally due to pain and sensitiveness

For persistent bleeding gums, there are some essential tests:

Oral examination of teeth and gums

X-rays of teeth (IOPAR) and jaw (OPG)Blood analysis

Tc, Dc, Esr, Hb%, sugar (F,PP), calcium, urea, and creatinine

Coagulation factors and serum prothrombintime

Bleeding and clotting time.

To keep healthy, it is essential to

keep the gums healthy.

The first and best treatment is maintaining oral and dental hygiene.

Do it with proper brushing techniques.

Patients are prescribed antibiotics and varieties of paste to control infection

For complete cure, treatment should be started at the early stage.

Usually, pain is always preferable to numbness, where some people go for the gum with gum gel for pain relief and arresting the bleeding.

Maintaining oral and dental hygiene.

Thank You!!!

Follow best Dental practices and

Keep Smiling forever!

For Any queries , pls mail at :

somritabh@gmail.com