Post on 27-Dec-2015
Transportation Planning and Design in Practice
Presented by Presented by
Dr. Adiele Nwankwo, Ph.DDr. Adiele Nwankwo, Ph.D
Senior Vice-President, Parsons Senior Vice-President, Parsons BrinckerhoffBrinckerhoff
at theat the
Developing Sustainable Transportation Developing Sustainable Transportation SystemsSystems
US/Africa WorkshopUS/Africa Workshop
August 26 – 27, 2009August 26 – 27, 2009
Naura Springs HotelNaura Springs Hotel
Arusha, TanzaniaArusha, Tanzania
“Current Transport Inefficiencies Create High
Transportation Costs”
Transportation costs in Africa are among the highest in the
World. In many African Countries, transportation costs represent 33 to 52 percent of the value of exports
Major Cities in Developing Countries Experience Significant
Congestion Problems
Traffic Accidents Lead to Tremendous Loss of Lives
Transportation Investment
Creates Capacity, Efficiency and Reliability
Reduces Transportation Costs
Reduces Transit Times
Presents Opportunities for
Business Expansion
Increases Productivity
Higher Competitiveness
Transportation Investment
Modes of Coordinated Transportation System
• Roadways• Transit• Airways• Seaports• Motorcycle/Bike Paths• Etc.
Rivers and Canals
• The first stage of the industrial revolution was linked to the development of canal systems in Western Europe and North America to transport heavy goods.
• This permitted the development of rudimentary and constrained inland distribution systems.
Seaports
• Linked with the early stages of European expansion from the 16th to the 18th centuries.
• Ports supported the development of international trade through colonial empires, but were constrained by limited inland access
Railways
• The second stage of industrial revolution in the 19th century was intimately linked to the development and implementation of rail systems
• Allowed a more flexible inland transportation system.
Roadways
• The 20th century saw the development of road transportation systems and automobile manufacturing.
• Individual transportation became a commodity available to the masses, especially after the Second World War.
• This process was reinforced by the development of highway systems.
Airways
• The later part of the 20th century saw the development of global air networks
• Fueled by Globalization of economic activities.
• Electronic communications supported transport functions, especially in realm of logistics and supply chain management.
Transit Sub-Modes
• Personalized Transit Systems• Bus Transit• Bus Rapid Transit• Streetcars• Fixed Guideway Vehicles• Light Rail System• Heavy Rail• Commuter Rail
Personalized Transit System/Transit On Demand
Bus Transit
Bus Rapid Transit
• Premium transit using rubber tire vehicles• Dedicated running way• Fewer stops than local
bus• Distinct stations,
vehicles, and systems
• Allows flexibility to operate multiple routes
LAMATA BRT Buses – Ojota DepotLAMATA BRT Buses – Ojota Depot
LAMATA Bus Shelter – IlupejuLAMATA Bus Shelter – Ilupeju
Streetcar or Light Rail Transit
• Street Car or Light Rail Vehicle: An electrically propelled rail vehicle operated singly or in trains on shared, semi exclusive, or exclusive right-of-way
Fixed Guideway Vehicles
• Automated guideway small and medium-sized vehicles that operate fully automatically on guideways with exclusive rights-of-way
• Typically on a loop or as a shuttle within central business districts, airports or other high activity centers
Light Rail Transit
• Modern version of traditional streetcars
• May operate alongside auto, rail traffic• Reduces costs• Increases travel time
• Stations 1∕3-1½ miles apart
Heavy Rail
• The term heavy rail is often used for regular rail, to distinguish from systems such as light rail, monorail, Street car etc.
• Heavy rail typically refers to the standard inter-city rail network, which is built to be robust enough for heavy and high-speed trains, including freight trains, and long distance passenger trains.
Commuter Rail Transit
• Similar to passenger railroad service
• Existing railroads with improvements• Sidings• Additional tracks
• Long-distance commuting
• Stations 1½ -5 miles apart
Functional Classification of Roads
Figure II-1
Channelization of Trips
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/fcsec2_1.htm
Functional Classification of Roads
Figure II-2
Schematic Illustration of a
Functionally Classified Rural
Highway Network
Functional Classification of Roads
Figure II-3
Schematic of a Portion of an Urban Street
Network
Functional Classification of Roads
Figure II-4
Functional Classification of Roads
Rural areas Urbanized areasSmall Urban
areas
Principal arterialsMinor arterial roadsCollector roadsLocal roads
Principal arterialsMinor arterial streetsCollector streetsLocal streets
Principal arterialsMinor arterial streetsCollector streetsLocal streets
Table II-1 -- The Hierarchy of functional systems
Steps to Transforming East Africa Community Economies
• Develop Comprehensive Transportation Plan
• Employ Appropriate Technology to Manage Infrastructure development and Maintenance
• Seek Innovative Funding Strategies• Encourage Public-Private Partnerships
Thank You
Questions?