Post on 23-Feb-2016
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TRANSFORMATIONS AROUND THE GLOBEChapter 28
China• Self-sufficient• Did not want anything from the Europeans• Europeans had access to the port at Guangzhou - opium
Opium Wars - 1839 - 1842 • China’s outdated fishing ships destroyed by Britain’s
battleships
• Treaty of Nanjing gave US and European citizens extraterritorial rights – foreigners were not subject to Chinese laws at Guangzhou and four other Chinese ports
Internal Problems• Read the Qing emperor’s letter to Britain before the war
pg 806
• The Chinese were not happy with the Qing’s inability to stop the opium trade
• Taiping Rebellion – reformers took over but broke up while in charge – very bloody
Cixi• Dowager Empress from 1862 – 1908
• Self-strengthening movement of education, diplomatic relations, military, industrial (rifles, gunboats, ammo)
• Although successful, many European nations and Japan gained a sphere of influence
U.S. Sphere of Influence• Open Door Policy – doors be opened to all nations
• This strengthened trading rights for Europe and US and protected China from colonization
The Righteous Harmonious Fist• Boxer Rebellion – angry about foreign influence
• “death to the foreign devils”
• Very bloody but put down in Beijing – people wanted change
Japanese Modernization• Meiji Restoration
• Treaty of Kanagawa – US Commodore Matthew Perry opened two ports for trade
• Just like China, by 1960 several had been opened
Meiji Power• Feeling strong like western nations, Japan wanted to
expand and gain more resources
• Japan attacks Korea and China in the Sino-Japanese War
• Gave Japan the colony of Taiwan – much conflict today between Taiwan, China, and Japan over Taiwan
Russo-Japanese War• Russia wanted Manchuria
• Treaty of Portsmouth give Japan Korea as colony, later annex it
Latin America
Latin America• Large landowners owned everything. Workers were
basically slaves. Unequal distribution.
• Army leaders, called caudillos, became military dictators
• Wealthy landowners supported caudillos because caudillos did not want to give power to the lower classes
Latin America Economies• Export oriented
• The steam engine, boats and railroads, made Latin America an important trading partner.
• Refrigeration made beef and fruits easier to export
• Because Latin America exchanged their exports for manufactured goods, their economies did not develop
Latin America Economies• Countries that imported a lot of goods did not use their
money on important things like schools and hospitals
• They borrowed money to improve their export facilities
• Why is this bad?
Economic Colonialism• Latin American countries couldn’t pay back their loans
• Many European countries tried to reconquer the new republics
Monroe Doctrine• “the American continents are henceforth not to be
considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers”
• 1832
Cuba• Declared its independence from Spain in 1868 and fought
a ten year war
• Gave up
• I thought the US had the Monroe Doctrine???
Jose Marti• Exiled from Cuba and lived in New York
• Dragged the US into another war with Spain
Spanish-American War• USS Maine - Philippines, then the Caribbean • United States instilled a military government – not
independence • Yellow Journalism, TR and the Rough Riders• The United States gain Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the
Philippines
American Giant• Wanted to dominate even further - video
• Offered Panama $10 million plus a yearly payment to build the canal
• Big deal for trading and war
Roosevelt Corollary• An extension to the Monroe Doctrine
• Said we are an “international police power”
• Used this to police Latin America
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna• Leader of Mexican independence from Spain in 1821 –
Mexican president in 1833
• Americans were getting a little rowdy – Stephen Austin
• Lead a revolt against Mexico to make Texas part of the US
The Alamo • Santa Anna beat 200 American rebels with 3,000
Mexicans
• Davy Crocket - Video
• Battle of San Jacinto – Sam Houston catches Santa Anna napping
• Pg 176 & 16
Mexican-American War• Nueces River/Rio Grande
• “fifty-four forty or fight”
• Ordered across the river
• Dominated
Benito Juarez and La Reforma• Opposite of Santa Anna – put his country first
• Redistribute land, separate church and state, increase educational opportunities for the poor
• Sent into exile by Santa Anna
Porfirio Diaz• Caudillo
• Dictatorial powers to stay elected
Madero Begins the Revolution• Francisco Madero – educated in France and US,
democracy
• Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata became popular. Wanted more for the poor
• Madero was elected president, but Pancho and Zapata didn’t like that
• Eventually a new constitution was adopted in 1917 under Venustiano Carranza