Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it.

He has lost his key. = He lost it a short time ago and he still doesn’t have it.

This is The Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect - AFFIRMATIVESujeito + have (has) + verbo no particípio

I have workedYou have workedHeShe has workedItWe have workedYou have workedThey have worked

Present Perfect - NegativeSujeito + have not + particípio

has not

I have not workedYou have not workedHeShe has not workedItWe have not workedThey have not worked

INTERROGATIVEHave + sujeito + particípio(Has)

Have I worked ? Have you worked ? heHas she worked ? it Have we Worked ?Have you worked ?Have they worked ?

EXEMPLOS :

I have sailed across the Atlantic.

I have seen gorillas in Africa.

I haven’t danced the Flamengo.

QUANDO USAR PRESENT PERFECT

• Usamos o present perfect para expressar um fato passado que tem alguma relação com o presente.

• Há situações básicas em que ele é usado , veremos a seguir.

Jack opened the window a few minutes ago.

Jack has opened the window.

Fatos que ocorreram no passado em tempo não determinado.

- What’s the matter , madam?

- My little Jimmy has disappeared! I’m nervous. - I need you help!

Com referência de tempo indicando que a ação acabou de acontecer (just)

Mary is eating an apple

Mary has just eaten an apple.

Com referência de tempo indicando que a ação nunca aconteceu . (never)

I have never seen an alien .

I have never seen one either!

What about you ?

Com referência de tempo indicando que a ação que aconteceu alguma vez (ever)

Have you ever broken your arm?

Have you ever won a gold medal ?

Com referência de tempo indicando que a ação que ainda não aconteceu.(yet)

Come on, dear haven’t you finished

your breakfast , yet ?

Sorry , mom. But I haven’t finished it ,yet.

Com referência de tempo indicando que a ação já aconteceu.(already)

What’s the matter, John?

II have to go to New York on business.But my

plane has already left.

I’m sorry !

Com referência de tempo , indicando freqüência (often , many times, frequently, several times)

I know it’s a good film but we have gone to the movies three times this week.

Present Perfect é usado para expressar um passado não acabado:

• Ações que ocorreram em um período de tempo que inclui o presente ( lately, recently , this week ....)

I haven’t seen Tom recently.

Have you heard about him?

Expressando um período de tempo através das preposições:SINCE e FOR

• Since - desde (a partir de um determinado momento)

I I have been here

since five o’clock

• For – (durante , há) período de tempo

They have worked here for five years.

PRESENT PERFECT x SIMPLE PAST•Present Perfect

(tempo não determinado)

•Simple Past

(tempo determinado)

They went shopping on March 3rd. They have gone shopping

PRESENT PERFECT x SIMPLE PAST•Present Perfect

(tempo não determinado)

•Simple Past

(tempo determinado)

The Smiths travelled to New York on February 16th.

The Smiths have travelled to New York.

sS

Observações • Nunca usar Present Perfect se a ação passada

não tiver relação com o presente.Embora o tempo não seja mencionado.

Cabral discovered Brazil.

Man reached the moon.

• Na linguagem falada é comum ouvirmos a expressão have got ( ‘ve got) . Esta expressão tem o mesmo sentido que have (ter) . Não se trata de present perfect.

I have got a car. = I have a car.

He has got a sister. = Ele tem uma irmã.

ExercisesQue comentários as pessoas fizeram? Relacione as figuras às frases correspondentes.

They’ve bought a new car. I’ve read Romeo and Juliet five times

John has lost his passport. Ann has visited many different countries.

John has lost his passport.

I’ve read Romeo and Juliet five times

Ann has visited many different countries

They’ve bought a new car.

since

Complete as falas usando for ou since.

forsince

for since

Complete as falas com just,never,ever ou already.

evernever

just already