Post on 30-Dec-2015
description
THREE TIME PERIODS OF EARLY HISTORY
1. Paleolithic or “Old Stone”
Tamed fire Spoken Language Art Invention of tools “Ice Ages”
2. MESOLITHIC OR “MIDDLE STONE”
Gradual progress of Gathering food
Communities Weapons Art
3. NEOLITHIC OR “NEW STONE”
• Domesticated animals and plants•Farming revolution•Growth of villages•Earliest civilizations
• Jericho (Israel)
• Catal Huyuk (Turkey)
•Bigger populations•Trade•Specialization
FIRST CIVILIZATIONS
The beginnings of world history?
5 of the major religions of the world believed that life began somewhere in the Mesopotamia region.
COMMUNITIES VS. CIVILIZATIONS (CIVILIZATIONS WERE MORE COMPLEX)
•Earliest Civilizations developed in Southern Iraq
•Between the Tigris and Euphrates•The area was called Mesopotamia
•Which is the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent
•Fertile Crescent = Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Kuwait, Israel, Jordan, and parts of Turkey and Iran
•One of these regions in the Fertile Crescent was Sumer (located in Southern Iraq)
•Sumer + Fertile Crescent = Cradle of Civilization
SUMER’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO CIVILIZATION ( ZIGGURAT PICTURED ABOVE)
Earliest known civilization!
Greatest invention was writing = cuneiformOldest known story = Epic of Gilgamesh
Wagon wheel Sail BoatPlowGeometryCalendarCity-States
THE WORLDS FIRST EMPIRES
Akkadians – Northern Mesopotamia
The king of the Akkadians was Sargon
He conquered ALL of Mesopotamia and established the worlds first empire
The empire would last 200 yrs
KING OF BABYLON - HAMMURABI
Next would be the Babylonian Empire with King Hammurabi
Best known for his code of laws
“The Ordeal” Still used by some Bedouin tribes today
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE BAYBLONIANS
Babylon was a city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 mi) south of Baghdad. All that remains of the original ancient famed city of Babylon today is a mound, or tell, of broken mud-brick buildings and debris in the fertile Mesopotamian plain between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in Iraq.
THE ASSYRIANS
The heartland of Assyria lies in present day Northern Iraq.
The remains of the ancient capital of Assyria, Nineveh, lie next to Mosul in Northern Iraq.
ASSYRIAN ARMY
•Well organized•Professional Soldiers•Used iron weapons (from the Hittites)•Scattered their enemies
NINEVEH
Capital city of the Assyrian Empire (about 1000 years after Hammurabi)
Nineveh had one of the world’s first libraries (25,000 tablets)
CHALDEANS WERE KNOWN AS THE MEDES
Captured Nineveh and shortly after the Assyrian empire fell
Most Chaldeans were descendants of the Babylonian people who made up Hammurabi’s empire about 1,200 yrs earlier
King Nebuchadnezzar controlled all of Mesopotamia
He rebuilt Babylon and it quick became the world’s largest and richest city
Developed the first 7-Day Calendar
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON
THE ACHAEMENID EMPIRE OR PERSIAN EMPIRE
Persians would conquer the Medes about 100 years later
Most territory was Iran
The empire took its unified form with a central administration around Pasargadae erected by Cyrus the Great. The empire ended up conquering and enlarging the Median empire to include in addition Egypt and Asia Minor. During the reigns of Darius I and his son Xerxes I it engaged in military conflict with some of the major city-states of Ancient Greece, and although it came close to defeating the Greek army this war ultimately led to the empire's overthrow.