1 Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes

Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes

Sintering of Ceramic Powders

Waldemar Pyda

Scope: Sintering

Breaking-down processes

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Categories of Sintering

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Selected materials

and connected

sintering processes

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SOLID-STATE SINTERING

Driving forces

Compres. Tensile

Stresses induced in the neck

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Determination of radia of curvature

21

11'

RRP

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Mechanisms of sintering

21

11'

RRP

Comp. Tens.

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Stages of sintering

Inital Intermediate Final

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Stages of sintering – a model

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Competition between densification and sintering

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Effects of grain boundaries

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Pore stability during sintering

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Sintering models

Analytical models

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Herring’s Scalling Law

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Sintering Stress

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The Stress Intensification Factor

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Normal and abnormal grain growth

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Normal Grain Growth

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Abnormal Grain Growth

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Abnormal Grain Growth

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Ostwald Ripening

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Control of Grain Growth

Solute drag

The Zener formula

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Grain Growth and Pore Evolution in Porous

Compacts

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Interaction between Pores and Grain Boundaries

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Microstructural Maps

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Microstructural Maps

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LIQUID-PHASE SINTERING

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LIQUID-PHASE SINTERING

Tens.

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Liquid-phase redistribution

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Morphology of liquid phase in the microstructure of

polycrystals

Dihedral angle dependence of liquid phase distribution

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Effects of Gravity

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Grain Boundary Films

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Effective Stress

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Role of the Wetting Angle

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Relative Amount of Liquid Phase

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Reaction Sintering

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Influence of Processing Parameters

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Sintering with etching o polycrystalline particles

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CONSTRAINED SINTERING

Disperced Inert Phases

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Supported Films

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Sintering Practice

Heating Schedules

Isothermal Sintering

Constant Heating Rate Sintering

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Sintering Practice

Multi-stage Sintering

Rate-Controlled Sintering

Fast-Firing

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Sintering Practice

Microwave Sintering

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Sintering Practice

Plasma-Assisted Sintering

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Pressure-Assisted Sintering

Hot pressing

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Pressure-Assisted Sintering

Sinter Forging

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Pressure-Assisted Sintering

Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing)

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Particle and Green Compact Characteristics

Particle size

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Particle and Green Compact Characteristics

Particle Size Distribution

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Particle and Green Compact Characteristics

Particle Shape and Particle Structure

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Particle and Green Compact Characteristics

Particle Packing Differential densification

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Particle and Green Compact Characteristics

Effect of Green Density on Sintering

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CHEMISTRY CONSIDERATIONS Gases in Pores

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CHEMISTRY CONSIDERATIONS

Vapor transport

Volatilization and Decomposition

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CHEMISTRY CONSIDERATIONS

Oxidation State

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CHEMISTRY CONSIDERATIONS

Defect chemistry and Stoichiometry

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Thank you for attention