Analysis of Nursing Theory

WHAT IS A THEORY?

Definition

Components

A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon. (Kozier & Erb, 2007)

composed of concepts, propositions, definitions and assumptions.

A creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that projects a tentative, purposeful, systemic view of phenomenon. (Chinn & Krammer)

What composes a Theory?

□ Concepts

□ Propositions

□ Definitions

□ Assumptions

ABSTRACT

CONCRETE

CONCEPTUAL

OPERATIONAL

ConceptsPropositionAssumptionDefinition

Systematically organized

THEORY

VIE

W

PHENOMENA

WHAT IS A NURSING THEORY?

Definition

Components

Purpose

Characteristics

Categories

Development

Concepts

Nursing Theory A group of interrelated concepts that are

developed from various studies of disciplines and related experiences.

Framework of thought in which to examine situations. (Delaune, 2006)

Components of Theory(Accdg. To Barnum, 1994)

Context Content Process

Purposes of Theory

Education

Research

Clinical Practice

Characteristics of Theory

Correlational Logical in nature Simple but generally broad Source of hypothesis Contribute in knowledge enrichment Guide Consistent

Metaparadigm of Nursing:

4 Strategies of Theory Development:

Theory – Practice – Theory Practice – Theory Research Theory or Inductive

Method Theory – Research - Theory

Stages of Theory DevelopmentSilent Knowledge

Stage

Received Knowledge Stage

Subjective Knowledge Stage

Procedural Knowledge Stage

Categories of Theoriesaccording to:

Function

Range

Focus / Orientation

Underpinnings

According to Function:

Descriptive theories/ Factor-Isolating

Explanatory theories/ Factor-Relating

Predictive theories/ Situation-Relating

Prescriptive theories/ Situation-Producing

According to RANGE

GRAND Theories

MIDDLE-RANGE Theories

MICRO-RANGE Theories

According to FOCUS/ORIENTATION

CLIENT-CENTERED Theory NURSE-CLIENT Theory CLIENT-NURSE-

ENVIRONMENT Theoryclient

`

nurse

environment

According to Philosophical Underpinnings:

Needs Theory Interaction Theory Outcome Theory Humanistic Theory

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF NURSING

INTUITIVE NURSING / MEDIEVAL PERIOD

PERIOD OF EDUCATED NURSING/ NIGHTINGALE ERA (19th-20th Century )

PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING

PERIOD OF APPRENTICE NURSING / MIDDLE AGES

PERIOD OF INTUITIVE NURSING/ MEDIEVAL

PERIOD Nursing was “untaught & intinctive” Nursing was a function that belonged to

women No caregiving training Primitive men believed that illness was

caused by the invasion of the victim’s body of evil spirits

Use of trephining

PERIOD OF APPRENTICE NURSING/ MIDDLE AGES Care was done by Crusaders, prisoners,

religious orders Nursing care was performed without formal

education Nursing went down to the lowest level The Kaiserswerth Institute for the training

of Deaconesses was establishe in Germany

PERIOD OF EDUCATED NURSING

The dev’t of Nsg.was strongly influenced by trends resulting from wars, arousal of social consciousness

Increased educational opportunities offered to women

Florence Nightingale recruited female nurse 1860- the Nightingale Training School of Nurses

opened at St.Thomas hosp.in London Nursing evolved as an art and science Formal nursing education and Nursing Service

begun

PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING

Licensure of nurses started Specialization of hospital and diagnosis Training of Nurses in Diploma Program Dev’t of baccalaureate and advance

degree programs Scientific and technological dev’t as well

as social changes marked this period

ROLES OF

NURSES

RESEARCHER TEACHER

LEADERCLIENT

ADVOCATE

CARE PROVIDER

COMMUNICATOR

CHANGE AGENT

MANAGER COUNSELOR

EXPANDED ROLES OF NURSES

NURSE GENERALIST

NURSE CLINICIAN

NURSE PRACTITIONER

NURSE SPECIALIST

Nursing is an art:  and if it is to be made an art, it requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God's spirit?  It is one of the Fine Arts:  I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts.  ~Florence Nightingale

THANK YOU!!!!!