The Unification of Italy and Germany

1850s-1870s

Nationalism What is nationalism?

The belief that the greatest loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture & history

Types of Nationalism Nationalism that unifies culturally

similar lands and people Nationalism that separates

culturally different lands and people

The Unification of Italy Italian Unification

Italy forms from crumbling empires

1815-1848 Italians want independence from foreign rulers

Cavour Leads Northern Italian Unification

Camillo di Cavour - Prime Minister of Kingdom of Sardinia (1852)

Gets French help to win control of Austrian-controlled Italian land

The Unification of Italy Giuseppe Garibaldi Brings Unity

Leads nationalists who conquer southern Italy

Known as the “Red Shirts” for their attire during battle

Cavour convinces Garibaldi to unite southern Italy and Sardinia

Garibaldi steps aside, allowing King of Sardinia to rule

1861, Victor Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy

The Unification of Germany

Beginning in 1815: German Confederation

Divided into 39 German states Austria controlled the Confederation Prussia lead the unification movement

Prussian Advantage Very powerful army

The Unification of Germany

Prussia’s Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck

(1862) Member of the “Junker”

class Conservative wealthy

landowners Used military force to

achieve political gain

The Unification of Germany

Prussia Expands Prussia & Austria fight Denmark, gain

two provinces Quick victory makes other German nations

respect Prussia Seven Weeks’ war

Prussia defeats Austria Gains Austrian territory East and West Prussia are united

The Unification of Germany

The Franco-Prussian War Prussia defeats France

Wilhelm is crowned Kaiser – emperor of a united Germany

Bismarck creates a Germany united under Prussian dominance

THE END