Post on 05-Jan-2016
The Rise of Europe
Section 1: The Early Middle Ages
Section 2: Fuedalism & the Manor Economy
Section 3: The Medieval Church
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
Section 1: The Early Middle Ages
Summary:– The Early Middle Ages was a time of Conflict in
Europe
Section 1: The Early Middle Ages
The Middle Ages, or medieval period, lasted from about 500 to 1500– During this time, Europe was cut off from the world:
Population decreased and towns emptied Trade almost ended Learning stopped
Section 1: The Early Middle Ages
Still, Europe did have fertile soil and many resources– Seas and rivers provided fish & transportation
Section 1: The Early Middle Ages
The years between 400-700 were frightening– Invaders such as the Huns, Avars, and the
Germanic tribes destroyed communities in Europe The Germanic people were warriors, farmers, and herders
– They had no cities and no written laws The strongest Germanic tribe, the Franks, formed an
alliance with the Roman Catholic Church
Section 1: The Early Middle Ages
A new force, Islam, swept out of the Middle East and into the Mediterranean region– Muslims captured Spain and Sicily– Many Christians feared the Muslims
However, Europeans did learn about science and mathematics from the Muslims
Section 1: The Early Middle Ages
Around 800, A Frankish king, built a large empire– The Pope crown Charlemagne emperor
Section 1: The Early Middle Ages
Charlemagne wanted his capital to be like Rome
He encouraged Latin learning throughout his empire
– He set up schools, even though he himself could not write
– He helped the Church spread Christianity– Charlemagne blended Germanic, Roman, and
Christian ideas
Section 1: The Early
Middle Ages
Section 2: Fuedalism & the Manor Economy
Summary:– A new political and social system, Fuedalism,
controlled medieval life
Section 2: Fuedalism & the Manor Economy
During the Middle Ages, kings were not strong enough to stop invasions by outsiders– People needed protection
As a result, a new system called Feudalism, developed
Section 2: Fuedalism & the Manor Economy
In feudal society, powerful lords owned large pieces of land– They divided their land into estates called
FiefsFiefs were given to less powerful lords called
vassals– The vassal promised loyalty and service to his lord – The lord promised to protect the vassal
Section 2: Fuedalism & the Manor Economy
The medieval economy was based on the manor, or lords estate– Peasants lived and worked on the manor
Most people were peasants or serfs– Serfs were not slaves, but they had to stay and work
on the land
Section 2: Fuedalism & the Manor Economy
Serfs farmed for the lord and repaired roads– The lord charged them fees for grinding
wheat, inheriting land, or marryingIn exchange, they received a small amount of
land to farm– They also received their lord’s protection from Viking
raids or feudal warfare
Section 2: Fuedalism & the Manor Economy
Serfs
Knights
Lords
Section 3: The Medieval Church
Summary:– The Roman Catholic Church played a vital role in
Medieval life
Section 3: The Medieval Church
After the fall of Rome, the Christian Church split into eastern and western churches– The western church became the Roman
Catholic ChurchIt was headed by the Pope
– The Pope also had some authority over the secular, or nonreligious aspects of Europe
Section 3: The Medieval Church
Religion was an important part of medieval life– The Church had absolute power over
ChristiansA person who did not obey the laws of the
Church could be excommunicated, or cut off from the Church
– People shunned an excommunicated person
Section 3: The Medieval Church
Church officials were the only educated people– Rulers often needed them as advisors
The Church played an important role in the daily life for peasants
– Besides providing religious services it was a social center
Section 3: The Medieval Church
Some Christians became nuns or monks– They spent their lives serving God
Nuns and monks did important work:– They cared for the sick and poor people– They preserved learning and set up schools for
children– They provided food and shelter to travelers– Some became missionaries
Section 3: The Medieval Church
But, as the Church became rich and powerful, it began to face problems– Some people saw the wealth of the Church
as an opportunity, and joined it only to find riches
These people ignored their vows and paid little attention to religion
Section 3: The Medieval Church
Everyday Life Nuns & Monks Power of Church Reform
-Christians attended village churches
-Priests run schools in village churches
-All Christians pay taxes to the Church
-Some set up housing, hospitals, schools for the sick & poor
-Some become missionaries
-Some preserve learning
-Pope leads Roman Catholic Church
-Church has its own laws and courts
-Church excommunicates those who do not obey rules
-Church becomes rich & powerful
-Some clergy become corrupt
-Reformers try to make changes
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
Summary:– During the High Middle Ages, Europe’s economy
grew– Cities and towns expanded, and a middle class
arose
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
Around 1000, life began to improve in Europe– This period from 1000 to 1300 is called the
High Middle Ages
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
By 800, farmers started using new inventions– Among these was the iron plow, the
harness, and the windmill– Peasants began to use the three field
system to keep the soil fertile
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
These changes contributed to the Agricultural Revolution– Farmers were able to produce more food
With more food available the population of Europe doubled
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
During the High Middle Ages the economy of Europe grew stronger– As the population grew people began to
trade againMerchants set up fairs
– These meeting places grew into towns and cities
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
As trade increased, people developed new ways of doing business– They began using money
They developed banks for lending– These and other changes were part of a Commercial
(or business) Revolution
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
Medieval society also changed– A new middle class emerged
It included traders, merchants, and artisans
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
Artists formed Guilds, or associations, to keep the quality of work high– Fewer people were serfs
Instead peasants rented the land they farmed
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
As cities grew bigger, they became noisy, crowded, and filthy– Still, cities continued to attract new people
Section 4: Economic Expansion & Change
Commercial Revolution
-More trade requires new ways of doing business
-Middle class of merchants, traders, and craftspeople grows
-As centers of trade, towns and cities get bigger
-Increase in food production leads to population growth
-A larger population needs more goods so trade increases
Agricultural Revolution