THE NUTRITION

FUNCTION SEPTIEMBRE/OCTUBRE 2012

INDEX

1. What is nutrition?

2. Plant nutrition

3. ATP

4. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients

5. Animal nutrition: breathing

6. Animal nutrition: circulation and excretion

1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process

NUTRITION

Obtaining nutrients Respiration

Distributing

substances Excretion

1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process

Get energy To make / repair their

structures

Autotrophic nutrition

Heterotrophic nutrition

1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNOTpi7GOh4

1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process

OXYGEN

CO2

(Carbon dioxide)

H2O

(Water)

RESPIRATION

1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process

ALL

PARTS

OF ORGANISM

1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process

Waste products

1. What is nutrition? / Nutrition in cells

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7IN7HTWzLs

1. What is nutrition? / Nutrition in cells

Most of cells are not in contact with the environment

Organs or systems

W

h

a

t

i

s

n

u

t

r

i

t

i

o

n

?

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

1. What is ATP?

2. Draw a molecule of ATP.

3. Explain the chemistry of ATP.

4. What is the function of ATP?

2. Plant nutrition

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gLa5EWn9OI

P

H

O

T

O

S

Y

N

T

H

E

S

I

S

3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients

FEEDING

Consists of ingesting food (animals, plants and

their derivates) which contain organic nutrients.

3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients

DIGESTION

Is the transformation of food into smaller components to

obtain the organic nutrients from it.

3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients

ANIMALS WITH NO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• Simplest animals

• They do not have a digestive system

• Eg: sponges

3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients

ANIMALS WITH A DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• Gastrovascular cavities

• Cnidarios and Platyhelminthes

3. Animal nutrition: obtaing nutrients

ANIMALS WITH A DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Digestive tracts (2 opening: mouth and anus)

The simplest The most complex

3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients

DIGESTIVE TRACTS

THE SIMPLEST

They do not have

digestive glands

E.g. Annelids

Earthworm

3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients

DIGESTIVE TRACTS

THE MOST COMPLEX

They have digestive glands → substances which break down the molecules of nutrients.

E.g. Molluscs, arthropods and vertebrates.

4. Animal nutrition: breathing

Animals (take oxygen)

WATER AIR

4. Animal nutrition: breathing (water)

ANIMAL THAT CAN TAKE OXYGEN DISSOLVED IN WATER DO

IT THROUGH EITHER THE BODY SURFACE OR THE GILLS

4. Animal nutrition: breathing (water)

BODY SURFACE

Animals (water/very wet) → have very soft srfaces

O2 → inside the bodies → cells

SPONGES CNIDARIA WORM

AMPHIBIANS

The body surface

4. Animal nutrition: breathing (water)

GILLS

Very soft skinned filaments → capillaries(O2 cells of the animal)

MOLLUSCS

FISH

CRUSTACEANS

AMPHIBIANS

Gills

GILLS

4. Animal nutrition: breathing (air)

ANIMALS THAT TAKE OXYGEN FROM THE AIR NEED INTERNAL

SURFACES WITH THIN WET WALLS, SUCH AS THE TRACEAE

OR THE LUNGS

4. Animal nutrition: breathing (air)

TRACHEAE

Traceae are very thin tubes that lead out of

the body through pores: spiracles.

E.g. Insects

Tracheae

TRACHEAE

4. Animal nutrition: breathing (air)

LUNGS

2 spongy organs.

They have alveoli or air capillaries (in birds) → the oxygen passes into the blood. Lead out of the body through the rest of the respiratory tract.

REPTILES AMPHIBIANS

BIRDS MAMMALS

Lungs

5. Animal nutrition: circulation and

excretion

CIRCULATION: TRANSPORTATION OF

SUBSTANCES

5. Animal nutrition: circulation and

excretion

SPONGES CNIDARIA

THEY DO NOT HAVE BODY PARTS SPECIALISED IN

TRANSPORTION

THEY INTERCHANGE SUBSTANCES DIRECTLY WITH THE

OUTSIDE ENVIRONMENT

5. Animal nutrition: circulation and

excretion

OTHER ANIMALS NEED CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

CIRCULATING LIQUID

Interchanges substances

between the cells and the

exchanges surfaces

VESSELS AND A PUMP

Which moves the liquid

thanks to contraction an d

dilation movements

EXAMPLES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

5. Animal nutrition: circulation and

excretion

SPONGES CNIDARIA

THEY DO NOT HAVE SPECIALISED PARTS FOR EXCRETION

THEY ELIMINATE WASTE SUBSTANCES THROUGH THEIR BODY

SURFACE

5. Animal nutrition: circulation and

excretion

OTHER ANIMALS ELIMINATE WASTE SUBSTANCES

THROUGH EXCHANGE SURFACES

IN THE RESPIRATION

ORGANS

The CO2 from breathing is

expelled in these organs.

IN THE EXCRETORY

ORGANS

Collect the waste matter

from the fluids

Eliminate directly in the

environment

EXAMPLES OF EXCRETORY ORGANS