Post on 23-Dec-2015
The New Māori and Māori Health
Professor Chris CunninghamResearch Centre for Māori Health & DevelopmentMassey University @ Wellington
Overview
Defining Māori is a non-trivial exercise Hauora, health, cultural identity – “M-
factor” The “New Māori” framework
Defining Māori
Race/ethnicity– I define you– You define you
Treaty relationship– Descent from a signatory
Cultural– Look, think and operate as Māori
Standards for Ethnicity
He Kainga Oranga
Māori respondents– Same questionnaire schedule– Same interviewers– Same environment
18% ethnic migration
Treaty of Waitangi
“the only thing that matters is that the Treaty exists”
Relationship NOT partnership Parties NOT partners Descent
Ethnicity
Phenomenon of ethnicity Categorisation for measurement
purposes
Inequalities
ACCEPTABLE
Male/female life expectancy
Older/younger people outcomes
UNACCEPTABLE
Income Education Geography Identity
– Sexual– Cultural– Ethnic
Te Hoe Nuku Roa – Best Outcomes
Established 1993 Some 500 households, 1500 individual
Māori Survey at 3 yearly intervals 80-90% retention rate
Māori identity indicators/qualities
Te reo Māori Marae Whakapapa Political identity Māori ethnicity Cultural identity Iwi Whānau
Value Participation Knowledge Expression Preference Knowledge/practice Knowledge/practice Contribution
Māori indicators and items
Te reo Māori
“Te Reo Māori is an important language for me”
Māori indicators and items
Marae
“I have a high level of comfort participating in activities at marae”
Māori indicators and items
Whakapapa
“I can recite more than three generations of my Māori whakapapa”
Māori indicators and items
Political identity
“The Māori electoral roll should continue as one way of recognising Māori rights”
“Māori development should be parallel to the development of NZ generally”
Māori indicators and items
Māori ethnic identity
“I prefer to identify only as Maori”
“I prefer to include Māori as one of my ethnic groups”
Māori indicators and items
Culture
“It is important for Māori children to feel confident about Māori culture”
“Māori and Pakeha are very alike”
Māori indicators and items
Iwi
“I responded positively to the Tuhono initiative”
“I know my iwi but they don’t know me very well”
Māori indicators and items
Whānau
“I interact with my whānau as frequently as possible”
“I prefer to associate mostly with Māori people”
Item Response Theory
Can reduce these items from 8 to 2-4 Can predict responses to other
questions
Indigenous
“being born in a place” older indigenous group versus younger
indigenous group Flora and fauna and people treated
differently Worldview
Indigenous Worldview
“All creation is spirit”
Western versus Eastern versus Indigenous
“Integral association with nature/land”
Hauora and health
MODELS– Whare Tapa Wha (M Durie)– Wheke (RR Pere)– Nga Pou Mana (RCSP)– Waiora (S Palmer)
Health Hauora
Diverse Māori Realities
Isolated
IntegratedConservative
Tibble Continuum
The New Maori
Pluralistic
Integrated
Isolated
Conservative
Summary
Defining Māori is a non-trivial exercise The Treaty exists / relationship / parties Hauora is not the Māori word for health Ethnicity is part of your identity – it is NOT
your identity Perfecting ethnicity question is a holy grail Māori identity : continuous measurable trait New Māori includes an increasingly
pluralistic group