THE MODERN CITYPARIS and CHICAGO

THE GROWTH OF CITIESPopulations

~ 1800~ 1900

Manchester 75.000600.000

London 1.000.0006.500.000

Paris 500.0003.000.000

New York 33.0003.500.000

Chicago 3002.000.000

Reasons of this growth

•Urban migration to the rapidly industrialized cities

•Sudden drop in mortality due to improved standarts in nutrition and medical techniques

PARIS

Pre-Haussmann Paris, Dark, narrow streets, insecure city

Political unrest: The Aftermath of June 25, 1848A bloody but unsuccessful rebellion by the Paris workers against a conservative turn in the Republic's

course

Pollution: Urban factory, Paris, Before Haussmann

Polluted water in the city

MODERNIZING PARIS

• New boulevards and straight roadways cutting through le vieux Paris (old Paris)

• Improved circulation• Linking monumental sites• regulations imposed on facades of buildings, • public parks, • sewers and water works,

Baron von Haussmann, Reconstruction of Paris, 1853-70

Haussmann’s Paris, 1853-70, interventions in red.

Boulevard Henry IV, Paris, Before and after Haussmann

Displaced Parisians

Camille Pissarro, Boulevard Montmartre, 1897

Evening on a Parisian boulevard. Georges Stein (1870-1955)Champs Elysees - La modiste, Jean beraud (1900)

Boulevard Grand Armee

Boulevards focusing on monuments

Vision of Paris Centered on L’Opera

Charles Garnier, Opera, Paris, 1875 (photo: early 1900s)

Charles Garnier, Opera, Paris, 1875

Charles Garnier, Opera, Paris, 1875

Cleaning Up the Street and Gas Lamps

Bon Marche, Department store Paris, 1865-70

Bon Marche, Department store Paris, 1865-70

Displaced Parisians in New Shanty Towns

Gustave Caillebot, Parisian Street Scene

Manet, “Bar at Les Folies Bergeres”

Another Bar Scene

Life in Parisian apartments on Haussmann’s boulevards

THE FLANEUR

A literary type from 19th century France, essential to any picture of the streets of Paris.

the detached urban explorer, the man of leisure, the idler, the connoisseur of the street

Illustration by Daumier from ‘Physiologie du Flaneur’, 1841; Paul Gavarni, Le Flaneur, 1842

The Flaneur, Unknown photograph

Urban parks: Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894), Le Parc Monceau, oil on canvas, 1877

in 1850 Baron Haussmann engineered separate underground passages for drinking water and sewage using iron piping and digging techniques made possible by the Industrial Revolution, and in 1878 the system was 360 miles long.