Post on 20-Jun-2015
The Immune System
newgrounds.com
What it is…•The immune system enables an animal to avoid or limit any infections.
•The Immune System has 2 different defense systems– Innate and Acquired
http://hobokenwomensassociation.blogspot.com/2009/09/ten-ways-to-strengthen-your-immune.html
Innate Immunity
Barrier Defenses:• Skin- an outer covering
which provides a significant obstacle to invasion by the microbes that are present on the body.
• Mucous membranes- Form physical barriers that bar the entry of microorganisms and viruses
Internal Defenses:• Phagocytic cells(types of White
Blood Cells)- A cell that ingests microorganisms and foreign particles.
• Inflammatory response- the changes brought about by signaling molecules released upon injury or infection
• Natural killer(NK) cells- help recognize and eliminate certain diseased cells in vertebrates
Acquired(Adaptive) Immunity
• Humoral response
– Antibodies defend against
– Infection of body fluids
• Cell-mediated response
– Cytotoxic lymphocytes defend against infection in body cells
http://hplusmagazine.com/sites/default/files/images/articles/jan10/influenza-virus-antibodies.gif
Acquired Immunity Defends against infection of body cells and fluids
• Helper T Cells- makes CD₄- a response to nearly all antigens
• Cytotoxic T Cells-make CD₈- response to infected cells
• B Cells- generate antibody-secreting plasma cells- response to extracellular pathogens
• Active Immunization- vaccine which is a nonpathogenic form of a microbe
• Passive Immunity- provides immediate, short term protection
• Immune Rejection- certain vaccinations could be rejected due to persons blood type