Post on 19-Jan-2016
The Growth of The Growth of Industry in Industry in
AmericaAmerica
By: Ms. Becky RampeyBy: Ms. Becky Rampey
Jenks High SchoolJenks High School
Causes of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrializationCauses of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrialization
1.1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.
2.2. The Railroad fueled the growing US The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:economy: * * First big business in the US.First big business in the US. * A magnet for financial * A magnet for financial investment.investment. * The key to opening the West. * The key to opening the West. * Aided the development of other * Aided the development of other industries. industries.
1.1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.
2.2. The Railroad fueled the growing US The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:economy: * * First big business in the US.First big business in the US. * A magnet for financial * A magnet for financial investment.investment. * The key to opening the West. * The key to opening the West. * Aided the development of other * Aided the development of other industries. industries.
Causes of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrializationCauses of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrialization
3.3. Technological innovations.Technological innovations. * Bessemer process* Bessemer process
* Refrigerated cars* Refrigerated cars
* Mass Production Methods* Mass Production Methods
* Great Inventors – Thomas * Great Inventors – Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, George Westinghouse, Bell, George Westinghouse, Henry Bessemer, etc…Henry Bessemer, etc…
3.3. Technological innovations.Technological innovations. * Bessemer process* Bessemer process
* Refrigerated cars* Refrigerated cars
* Mass Production Methods* Mass Production Methods
* Great Inventors – Thomas * Great Inventors – Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, George Westinghouse, Bell, George Westinghouse, Henry Bessemer, etc…Henry Bessemer, etc…
Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison
““Wizard of Menlo Park”Wizard of Menlo Park” ““Wizard of Menlo Park”Wizard of Menlo Park”
•Light Bulb
•Phonograph
•Dictaphone
•Motion Picture Camera
4. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance.
5. Abundant capital.6. New, talented group of
businessmen [entrepreneurs] and advisors.
7. Market growing as US population increased.
8. Government willing to help at all levels to stimulate economic growth.
9. Abundant natural resources.
4. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance.
5. Abundant capital.6. New, talented group of
businessmen [entrepreneurs] and advisors.
7. Market growing as US population increased.
8. Government willing to help at all levels to stimulate economic growth.
9. Abundant natural resources.
Causes of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrializationCauses of Rapid Causes of Rapid IndustrializationIndustrialization
New Business CultureNew Business CultureNew Business CultureNew Business Culture
1.1. Laissez Faire Laissez Faire --> the ideology --> the ideology of the Industrial Age.of the Industrial Age.
1.1. Laissez Faire Laissez Faire --> the ideology --> the ideology of the Industrial Age.of the Industrial Age.
• Individual as a moral and economic ideal.
• Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.
• The market was not man-made or invented.
• No room for government in the market!
• Individual as a moral and economic ideal.
• Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.
• The market was not man-made or invented.
• No room for government in the market!
New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities
New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities
1.1. PoolPool 1887 --> Interstate Commerce Act 1887 --> Interstate Commerce Act --> Interstate Commerce --> Interstate Commerce Commission created. Commission created.
2.2. TrustTrust --> John D. Rockefeller --> John D. Rockefeller
1.1. PoolPool 1887 --> Interstate Commerce Act 1887 --> Interstate Commerce Act --> Interstate Commerce --> Interstate Commerce Commission created. Commission created.
2.2. TrustTrust --> John D. Rockefeller --> John D. Rockefeller
* Standard Oil Co.* Standard Oil Co.
Standard Oil Co.Standard Oil Co.Standard Oil Co.Standard Oil Co.
New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities
New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities
2.2. TrustTrust:: * Horizontal Integration --> * Horizontal Integration --> John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller
2.2. TrustTrust:: * Horizontal Integration --> * Horizontal Integration --> John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller
* Vertical Integration: A. Gustavus Swift-->
Meat- packing
* Vertical Integration: A. Gustavus Swift-->
Meat- packingB. Andrew Carnegie-->
U. S. SteelB. Andrew Carnegie-->
U. S. Steel
Iron & Steel Iron & Steel ProductionProductionIron & Steel Iron & Steel ProductionProduction
New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities
New Type of Business New Type of Business EntitiesEntities
New Financial New Financial BusinessmanBusinessmanNew Financial New Financial BusinessmanBusinessman
The Broker:The Broker: * J. Pierpont Morgan * J. Pierpont Morgan
The Broker:The Broker: * J. Pierpont Morgan * J. Pierpont Morgan
The Reorganization of The Reorganization of WorkWork
The Reorganization of The Reorganization of WorkWork
Frederick W. Taylor
The Principles of Scientific Managemen
t (1911)
Frederick W. Taylor
The Principles of Scientific Managemen
t (1911)
The Assembly Line
““The Protectors of Our The Protectors of Our Industries”Industries”
““The Protectors of Our The Protectors of Our Industries”Industries”
The “Bosses” of the The “Bosses” of the SenateSenate
The “Bosses” of the The “Bosses” of the SenateSenate
““On Wealth” On Wealth” Religion in the Era of Religion in the Era of
IndustrializationIndustrialization
““On Wealth” On Wealth” Religion in the Era of Religion in the Era of
IndustrializationIndustrialization
Russell H. ConwellRussell H. Conwell
Wealth no longer looked upon as bad.
Viewed as a sign of God’s approval.
Christian duty to accumulate wealth.
Should not help the poor.
Wealth no longer looked upon as bad.
Viewed as a sign of God’s approval.
Christian duty to accumulate wealth.
Should not help the poor.
The Gospel of WealthThe Gospel of WealthThe Gospel of WealthThe Gospel of Wealth
Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie
The Anglo-Saxon race is superior.
“Gospel of Wealth” (1889).
Inequality is inevitable and good.
Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.”
The Anglo-Saxon race is superior.
“Gospel of Wealth” (1889).
Inequality is inevitable and good.
Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.”
So who is doing all this So who is doing all this work??work??
• The The Changing Changing American American Labor Labor ForceForce
Child LaborChild Labor
Child LaborChild Labor
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
The Molly Maguires(1875)
The Molly Maguires(1875)
JamesJamesMcParlaMcParla
ndnd
The Corpor
ate “Bully-Boys”
–Pinkert
onAgents
The Corpor
ate “Bully-Boys”
–Pinkert
onAgents
Management vs. Labor
Management vs. Labor““Tools” of Tools” of
ManagementManagement““Tools” of Tools” of
LaborLabor
“ “scabs”scabs”
P. R. campaign.P. R. campaign.
Pinkertons.Pinkertons.
lockout.lockout.
blacklisting.blacklisting.
yellow-dog yellow-dog contracts.contracts.
court injunctions.court injunctions.
open shop.open shop.
boycotts.boycotts.
sympathy sympathy demonstrations. demonstrations.
informational informational picketing. picketing.
closed shops.closed shops.
organized organized strikes. strikes.
“ “wildcat” wildcat” strikes.strikes.
A Strik
er Confronts
a SCAB
!
A Strik
er Confronts
a SCAB
!
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of
1877
The Great Railroad Strike of
1877
Knights of Labor
Knights of Labor
Terence V. Terence V. PowderlyPowderly
An injury to one is the concern of An injury to one is the concern of all!all!
Goals of the Knights of Labor
Goals of the Knights of Labor1.1. Eight-hour workday.Eight-hour workday.
2.2. Workers’ cooperatives.Workers’ cooperatives.
3.3. Worker-owned factories.Worker-owned factories.
4.4. Abolition of child and prison labor.Abolition of child and prison labor.
5.5. Increased circulation of Increased circulation of greenbacks.greenbacks.
6.6. Equal pay for men and women.Equal pay for men and women.
7.7. Safety codes in the workplace.Safety codes in the workplace.
8.8. Prohibition of contract foreign Prohibition of contract foreign labor.labor.
9.9. Abolition of the National Bank.Abolition of the National Bank.
Haymarket- Riot (1886)Haymarket- Riot (1886)
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
Haymarket Martyrs
Haymarket Martyrs
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers
How the AF of L Would Help the
Workers
How the AF of L Would Help the
Workers1.1. Catered to the skilled worker.Catered to the skilled worker.
2.2. Represented workers in matters of Represented workers in matters of national legislation.national legislation.
3.3. Maintained a national strike fund.Maintained a national strike fund.
4.4. Evangelized the cause of unionism.Evangelized the cause of unionism.
5.5. Prevented disputes among the many Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.craft unions.
6.6. Mediated disputes between Mediated disputes between management and labor.management and labor.
7.7. Pushed for Pushed for closed shopsclosed shops..
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
The Amalgamated The Amalgamated Association of Association of
Iron & Steel Iron & Steel WorkersWorkers
Homestead Homestead Steel WorksSteel Works
A “Comp
anyTown
”:
Pullman, IL
A “Comp
anyTown
”:
Pullman, IL
Pullman Cars
Pullman Cars
A Pullman A Pullman porterporter
The Pullman Strike of 1894
The Pullman Strike of 1894
President Grover Cleveland
President Grover Cleveland
If it takes the entire army and navy to If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card
will be delivered!will be delivered!
The Pullman Strike of 1894
The Pullman Strike of 1894
Government by injunction!Government by injunction!