“The Great War”

What were the causes and effects of “The War to End All Wars”?

Assassination leads to War

• June 28th 1914

• Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Alliances

• France, Russia, Great Britain

• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Alliances

• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

• Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia

Militarism

Schlieffen Plan

• Defeat Russia Quickly and then turn efforts to France

Battles

Battles• Battle of Frontiers- 1914 Early German victory versus Great

Britain and France• Battle of Tannenberg- 1914 Russians defeated by German

Army• Battle of Marne- 1914 British and French counterattack

pushes German troops back, Germans dig trenches• Italian Front- 1915 Italy enters war against Austria-Hungary• Battle of Verdun- 1916 Germany versus France- over

400,000 casualties• Battle of Somme- 1916 Britain versus Germany- 60,000

British casualties on first day.• Battle of Ypres- 1917 British versus Germany near Belgium

front lines did not change• Gallipoli- Allies versus Ottoman Empire 200,000 casualties• Armenian Massacre- Ottoman Empire practices genocide

against Christian Armenians

Total War

Quiz

• Triple Alliance• Triple Entente• Central Powers• Allied Powers• Gavrilo Princip• Archduke Franz

Ferdinand

• Why did an assassination lead the major European nations into war?

• What was the impact of new types of warfare and new technologies on World War I?

Russia and World War I

What was the significance of the Russian Revolution on World War

I and on World History?

What was Russia’s experience in World War I?

• Bolsheviks vs. Nicholas II

• 6 Million Soldiers• Insufficient Factories• Transportation Issues• Outdated Military• Poor Leadership• Tremendous Costs• Czar takes control• Czarina Alexandra and

Grigory Rasputin

What were the main events of the

Russian Revolution?

• March Revolution 1917- Nicolas II abdicates

• Aleksandr Kerensky leads provisional government

• Bolshevik Revolution- November 1917 called October Revolution from the Old Russian calendar

• Vladimir Lenin in control– No Private Property-

land given to peasants

– Government owned factories given to the workers

What were the main events that took place after the Russian Revolution?

• Leon Trotsky signs treaty ending Russia’s participation in WWI

• Red Army vs White Army/Civil War

• USSR formed in 1922, Lenin dies in 1924

The War Ends

What led to the end of World War I and how was peace achieved?

Why did the United States enter the

war?• Woodrow Wilson- “He

kept us out of war”• Election of 1916• Unrestricted Submarine

Warfare• U-Boats• Lusitania• Zimmerman Note

What events led to the end of the fighting?

• New German Offensive- March 1918

• Second Battle of the Marne

• Armistice

What issues made the peace process difficult?

• 14 Points• Big Four

– Woodrow Wilson– Georges Clemenceau– Vittorio Orlando– David Lloyd George

• Treaty of Versailles– War Guilt Clause– Reparations– Military Limits– League of Nations

• Mandates• Balfour Declaration

What were the costs of war?

• 9 Million soldiers• 13 Million Citizens• Flu epidemic- 50 Million

people• $332 Billion estimated

costs• Austria-Hungary and

ottoman Empire dissolved• Russian Monarchy

overturned• New Countries in Europe

and Middle East• Colonies in Africa and Asia

Quiz

• What was the significance of the Russian Revolution on World War I and on World History?

• What led to the end of World War I and how was peace achieved?

• Bolsheviks• Grigory Rasputin• Vladimir Lenin• Woodrow Wilson• U-Boats• Zimmerman Note• 14 Points• Treaty of Versailles• Balfour Declaration