Post on 17-Jan-2016
The Global Environment
Chapter 1
Geography
What is it?
Geography
The study of where:– People – Places– Things
ARE LOCATED – AND how they relate to each other.
Ancient Egypt
Egyptian Priests– Studied the land
Why?
– Land uses– What the land could produce– Base a tax system off of the land – supported building
their temples
Greeks
First to create maps of Europe, Africa, and Asia.
5 Themes of Geography
Location Interaction between
people and environment
Movement Place Region
Location
Where is Penncrest High School?
On a sheet of loose leaf try to explain to someone: “where is the location of Penncrest High School?”
Turn to a neighbor and see how much your explanation is helpful.
Rate your partner’s explanation: – 10 being very helpful (you could find it easily), – 1 being not helpful at all (where is Penncrest!?)
– 5 being helpful but not helpful enough (I might recognize it if I passed it, but I’d have
difficulty finding it).
Relative Location
Did we:– Describe PHS in terms
of another location?– How else did we
describe it?
– How do we determine its
EXACT or ABSOLUTE location?
ABSOLUTE Location
Use grid of numbered lines of latitude and longitude.
Penncrest is located at: – 39 degrees, 55” N– 75 degrees, 26” W
Latitude & Longitude
Latitude– Measures distance north and south of the
Equator.
Longitude– Measures distances east and west of the
Prime Meridian
Equator
Divides the Earth into two halves (Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
Line of latitude
Prime Meridian
Divides World into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Greenwich, England
International Dateline
Opposite of
Prime Meridian
PLACE II
Described by physical and human characteristics
PLACE - physical
Landforms Climate Soil Animal Life
PLACE – Human Characteristics
Way of life– Transportation– Religion– Languages
Think about our PLACE
On a sheet of loose leaf/ note book paper:Describe Media as a place.Consider the following: Stores Landforms Religions Animal Life Weather Transportation
Interaction Between People & Environment
How do we interact with our environment?
Hidden Cost
How has interactions with environment created “hidden costs?”– Farming– Transportation
People adapt
How do people adapt to different environments?
Desert Tropical Artic Earthquake Prone Beach Mountain
MOVEMENT III
Movement of– People– Places– Goods
How did people get to America (early settlers/natives) Early people moved primarily for? Alaskan land bridge
Trade
Exports – What is it?
Imports – What is it?
Copper/ Farm products/ Coffee Beans/ Oil
Ideas Spread
Religion Technology Television
Interdependence
Global Interdependence– Dependence of countries on goods, resources,
and knowledge from other parts of the world.
– What is something we are dependant on?
Understanding the Physical World
REGIONS (V)
Identified by:– Physical characteristics– Economic– Political– Cultural
PEPC
Tools of Geographers
Geographers use globes and maps. Why is a globe more accurate than a map?
What is a drawback of using a globe?
Map Projection
Show a curved earth on a flat surface. Accuracy varies depending on type of map.
Mercator Projection
Gerardus Mercator - 1569– Sailors needed a map that showed direction
accurately (N/S/E/W)
Mercator Projection
Mercator Projection
Accurate view of land areas NEAR EQUATOR
Direction (N/S/E/W) North and South Poles
– Land becomes distorted
– What is the problem with using a Mercator Projection?
Interrupted Projection
Show correct sizes and shapes of landmasses
Cut-out oceans Impossible to:
– accurately measure distance– plot a course across an ocean
Interrupted Projection
Peters Projection
Shows correct areas of landmasses and oceans.
Directions are accurate Distorts shapes of continents
– Notice how Africa appears longer and thinner.
Peters Projection
Robinson Projection
Shows correct sizes and shapes of most landmasses
Fairly accurate view of sizes of the oceans Fairly accurate view of distance over
landmasses Distortions along the edge of the map
Robinson Projection
KEY TERMS
Geography LIMPR Latitude Longitude Export Import Interdependence
HOW am I going to remember these FIVE themes?
LIMPR
Location Interaction between people and Environment Movement Place Region
Review
Positives and Negatives– Mercator – Interrupted– Peters– Robinson
Which do you think is the best?
Special Purpose Maps
Political Map– Shows borders that divide nations
Physical Map
Shows physical features (lakes/mountains)
Topography
Physical features of a place or region
Population Map
Climate Map
Vegetation Map
Natural Resources Map
Cartographer
A Mapmaker
Landforms
Mountain What makes a mountain? Hills Plains
– Low elevation, flat. Coastal Plains
– Plains that border oceans Plateaus
– Large area of high, flat or gently rolling land.– Mexico City
Landforms
Bay– Part of a body of water that is partly enclosed by land
Cape– Narrow point of land that extends into a body of water
Delta– Area formed by soil deposited at the mouth of a river
Divide– Ridge that separates rivers that flow in one direction from those that
flow in the opposite direction Hill
– Area of raised land that is lower and more rounded than a mountain
Landforms
Isthmus– Narrow strip of land joining two large land areas or joining a
peninsula to a mainland Lake
– Body of water surrounded by land Mountain
– High, steep, rugged terrain that is at least 2,000 ft. above sea level Mouth of a river
– Where a river empties into a larger body of water Peninsula
– Piece of land that is surrounded on 3 sides by water Plain
– Broad area of fairly level land – usually close to sea level
Landforms
Plateau– Large area of high land that is flat or gently rolling
River Valley– Land drained or watered by a river
Source of a River– Place where a river originates
Strait– Narrow channel that connects two larger bodies of water– Stream or small river that flows into a larger stream or river
Landforms: Review
Think of the state of Pennsylvania and what landforms exist in our state.
– Make a list of concrete examples that come to mind.
End
The Global Environment