Post on 25-Feb-2016
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The French and Indian War, a.k.a “Seven Years War”
(1754 – 1763)The Birth of American Resistance to British
rule
Blue: Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal, with alliesGreen: France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Sweden with allies
France’s Empire-French areas of colonization
-St. Lawrence River Valley,
-Quebec,
- Great Lakes,
-Louisiana
-Interest in trading not colonizing
-better relationship with Indians
-English colonists want to expand into Ohio River Valley
France’s Empire
-Indians resist and ally with French
-Old rivalry with Britain
-multiple wars fought between French and English in past centuries
-1754 conflict ignites again as French begin building forts near Virginia border
French and Indian War
-Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington led militia against the French• Washington lost Battle of Fort
Necessity – forced to surrender and return to VA in disgrace
-The French and Indian allies won many early battles• Battle of Fort Duquesne
-However, the tide of the conflict changed after the British seize Louisbourg (1758), Quebec (1759), and Montreal (1760)
http://youtu.be/9rnDj0QpfmY- Victory at Quebec finally gave the
British control of the region
• turning point of the conflict
Portrait of George Washington – Charles Willson PealeThe earliest authenticated portrait of George Washington shows him wearing his colonel's uniform of the Virginia Regiment from the French and Indian War.
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Battle of Fort Duquesne, 1755
French and Indian War-Albany Plan of Union
7 colonies debate forming central government
“Join or Die” – Benjamin Franklin in Poor Richard’s Almanac – the 1st political cartoon
Proposed a central govt. with power to tax and raise army for “common defense” against French and Indians
Plan rejected over issue of taxation
Set precedent for future Continental Congress formed to unify colonies against Britain
French and Indian War
Treaty of Paris of 1763• France lost all lands in
America• Britain gains Canada; French
settlement of Montreal and Quebec remain French today
• Spain ceded Florida to Britain; received French land west of Miss. River (Louisiana) in return for Fla.
Opposing Views of British and Americans
► British views Low opinion of colonial
military effort► Poorly trained► “Disorderly rabble”
Colonies didn’t do their fair share► Some colonies refused to
contribute troops or money for war effort
Proclamation of 1763 was necessary ► Protection of colonial
empire► Inability to pay for troops
to protect settlers► Forced colonists to pay for
protection in frontier
► American views Proud of military
contributions►Gained confidence they
could defend themselves Unimpressed with British
troops or leadership► “Old” methods of warfare
were outdated and not suited for densely wooded terrain
► Americans learned British weaknesses and vulnerabilities
Proclamation of 1763 began string of violations of colonial liberties and tradition of representative government► Americans had fought and
died for right to settle in west
► American defiance set tone for revolutionary resistence
Problems after the War
•War left British govt. in huge debt
•Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts and American settlers
•conflicts were becoming costly for Britain
•Proclamation of 1763• stated that colonists could
not cross the Appalachian Mtns.
• Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians
• Ended Period of Salutary Neglect
What if the administration of Butler High School decided the new “electronic device” policy would be revoked, and from now on there would be no cell phone use between classes or at lunch?
How would you feel?
Describe how this is similar to how the relationship between Great Britain and the American colonies changed from 1607 to 1776?
Complete p. 30 – “Immediate Causes of the American Revolution”
Tensions Build
-British heavily in debt because of war
-standing British Army in the colonies
-Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products
-smugglers avoid paying taxes
Tensions Build
-writs of assistance
-Sugar Act (1764)
affected merchants and traders
-protests began against taxation without representation
James Otis: Called for cooperation among the colonies. This led to the so-called “Stamp Act Congress” (only colonials can tax colonials)
Stamp Act
-Parliament passes Stamp Act (1765)
-placed a direct tax on the colonists
-required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards
-affected many colonists rich and poor
-Quartering Act, 1765
Stamp Act
-Parliament passes Stamp Act
-placed a direct tax on the colonists
-required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards
-affected many colonists rich and poor
-Quartering Act, 1765
Resistance-Sons of LibertyBostonSamuel AdamsJohn Adams
-no taxation w/o representation
-protests and boycotts were organized
-stamp agents were harassed
-law eventually repealed
Resistance-Sons of LibertyBostonSamuel AdamsJohn Adams
-no taxation w/o representation
-protests and boycotts were organized
-stamp agents were harassed
-law eventually repealed
Resistance-Sons of LibertyBostonSamuel AdamsJohn Adams
-no taxation w/o representation
-protests and boycotts were organized
-stamp agents were harassed
-law eventually repealed
Townshend Acts
-new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint
-colonists again reacted with protests
-British reacted by sending more troops
Boston Massacre-March 1770
-protests by colonists
-British troops fire on crowd
-5 colonists killedCrispus Attucks
-Most soldiers found not guiltyJohn Adams served as attorney for the soldiers
DBQ – Albany Plan for Union► pp. 38-41 AMSCO Exam
Prep book► Read the three provided
documents and answer the “Analyzing The Documents” Questions 1-3
► For #3 instead of writing an essay: Write a thesis statement
agreeing or disagreeing with the statement provided
Identify at least one reason from each of the 3 documents that support your thesis.
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