Post on 19-May-2015
description
Lucas Jellema (CTO, AMIS)
25 April 2014
The evolution of the Database – role of the database in application architecture
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Two years ago – here at Fontys
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Agenda
• Wie of wat is AMIS?• Hoe verging het Chiel na zijn studie in Eindhoven?• Hoe zit het met die Database?• Vragen & Opmerkingen
AMIS
• Leuke organisatie!• Oracle & Java specialisten (pakweg 90 man & vrouw)• Gevestigd in Nieuwegein• Opgericht in 1991 door studenten van de Universiteit Twente
– A M I S
• Opdrachten in – Heerlen, Joure, Almelo, Nijmegen, Deventer– Utrecht, Den Haag, Amsterdam, Rotterdam– New Caledonia, Mongolië, Canada,
Denemarken, België, Koeweit, Faroër eilanden, Duitsland, Verenigde Staten, …
• Stage-opdrachten– Mail: eva.van.der.kleij@amis.nl
The Presenter:Lucas Jellema
• Lives in The Netherlands (close to Amsterdam)
• Started doing Oracle in 1994 with Oracle Consulting (Oracle Designer, Forms, Database)
• Joined AMIS in 2002 – now working as CTO, Consultant (Architect, Technical Lead, Programmer)and Trainer
• Oracle ACE (2005) & ACE Director (2006)• Author of ‘Oracle SOA Suite 11g Handbook’
(Oracle Press, 2010)• Presenter at Oracle OpenWorld, JavaOne and
many Oracle and Java User Group Conferences• Frequent blogger at http://technology.amis.nl• Active with SQL & PL/SQL, Java EE & ADF,
SOA, BPM & more Fusion Middleware
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AMIS
• Projecten rond (enterprise) web applicaties en portalen, B2B integratie, “mobilisering”, 24/7 beschikbaarheid, User Experience, business process management
• Klanten waaronder:– Politie Nederland, Randstad, Raad voor de Rechtspraak, NS, ProRail, Eneco– Pensioenfondsen, financiële instellingen, logistieke bedrijven, software producenten
• Technische kreten– Database, Middleware
SOA, BI, IoT,Big Data, UX, HTML 5,(No)SQL, Events,Java, grid, IdM, XML,Cloud, BPM, VM,Provisioning, ScalabilityEngineered Systems
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Chiel
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THE EVOLUTION OF THE DATABASE – ROLE OF THE DATABASE IN APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE
Overview
• Role of the Database in Modern Architecture • More than a container for data• Evolution of the Oracle Database• Recent Trends around the Database• Q & A
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Decentralized Silos to central, consolidated Layers
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Decentralized Silos to central, consolidated Layers (2)
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Consolidated, Layered Architecture
Data
Business
Interface
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Consolidated, Layered Architecture
Data
Business
Interface
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Cloud Power
PaaS
More than a container for data
• “We could also do that in the database”• in the database? Huh?
RDBMS ≈>>
Brief history of Oracle Database
• 1970: Paper “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks” by Ted Codd (IBM)
• 1977: Software Development Laboratories was founded• Late ‘70s – Project “Oracle” – executed by SDL for the CIA• 1979: SDL became Relational Software, Inc. and introduced Oracle V2
(built in PDP-11)– Basic SQL functionality (query, join) but no transactions
• 1982: RSI became Oracle Corporation• 1983: Oracle 3 - rewritten in C, ported to UNIX platforms and extended
with COMMIT and ROLLBACK• 1984: Oracle 4 – read consistency• 1985-1990: Oracle 5, 5.1 and 6: client/server, distributed queries, row
level locking & hot back ups• 1993: Oracle7… more than just a database
PL/SQL VM
(Oracle7, 1993)
PL/SQL VM
PL/SQL Virtual Machine
• Ever since Oracle7, the Oracle RDBMS contains a PL/SQL Virtual Machine
• That means: write [PL/SQL] once, run anywhere (as long as the RDBMS is running)
• This portability of PL/SQL across platforms is pretty extraordinary!
PL/SQL
1993 2009
10g7.0 8.0 8i 9i
internet
xml
JVM inside
ANSI/standardsinterMedia
Spatial
OLAP/BI/Analytics
Data Warehouse/ETL
The Grid
11g
PL/SQL:Triggers, Packages
SOA
SOX
Constraints
20011997 2004
Data Mining
Semantic Query
OO
RegExp
‘13
XE
NoSQL
Evolution of the Oracle Database
12c
CBO
RAC
Flashback & Total Recall
Data Guard
R
24/7 EBR
Cloud
Multi-platform porting
Materialized Views & Query Rewrite
SQL2Hadoop
Pattern Matching
Temporal DB
Multitenant
In Memory DB
JSON
Data Masking
Backup and recovery
• Back up is not relevant….• .. unless you have an established and test recovery strategy!• Backup should be done ‘hot and on line’• Recovery should be
– Unnecessary– Online– Focused– Quick
• Oracle Backup & Recovery facilities– Data Guard – (remote)
synchronized Stand By Database
– Flashback Recovery – RMAN
24/7 – High Availability
• Unplanned Downtime– Real Application Clusters (RAC)– Data Guard Standby Database for fail over– Hot Patching– Back-up Air Conditioning & Power Generator
• Planned Downtime– Online Redefinition– Edition Based Redefinition for zero down time database application upgrades– NoSQL “read ahead & write behind” cache layer
Compression
• When the system’s performance is I/O bound– Reading/writing data from/to storage cannot keep at the same rate as the CPUs
• there is spare capacity in the CPUs to alleviate the I/O burden– Through a reduction in the volume of data to be read and written – by zipping before write and unzipping after read
• The same information gets across in fewer bytes and therefore with less I/O
• It even reduces storagerequirements– Has a green bonus!
Flashback and Total Recall
• Oracle Database has long had two capabilities for ‘remembering’ the old situation regarding records– Uncommitted transactions whose changes are local– Read consistency, even for long running queries
• In 9i, 10g and 11g this featurehas been extended to remember‘the old situation’ for far longer– Undo Data => Flashback Archive
• This allows for – Historical queries– Trend analysis over time– Point-in-time recovery
• At database, schema, tableor even record level
• 12c adds Valid Time Modeling (aka TemporalValidity): database keeps track of begin and enddate of the valid period of records
Valid time aware flashback queries
• Select all employees who were employed at a certain moment in time
• Perform all queries as if we traveled back in time
• Example: Run an end-of-year report in the end of January
SELECT * FROM EMP AS OF TIMESTAMP TO_TIMESTAMP('01-JUN-2012 12.00.01 PM')
EXECUTE DBMS_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE.enable_at_time ( 'ASOF' , TO_TIMESTAMP('29-MAR-20414 13:14:15') );
Role of the Database in Modern Architecture
• Single Point of …• What goes where …
Reaching out from the database
Database
Java Class processing an HTTP request: The servlet
• The JVM can handle HTTP requests via the Servlet Container• HTTP requests are routed to a custom Java Class that writes the (usually
HTML response)• The Servlet infrastructure handles the actual HTTP response to the
invokerJVM
Servlet
http request
http responseWebLogic Server
PL/SQL Package processing an HTTP request: The embedded PL/SQL gateway
• The Database (the PL/SQL VM) can handle HTTP requests via the Embedded PL/SQL Gateway
• HTTP requests are routed to a custom PL/SQL Package that writes the (usually HTML response)
• The EPG infrastructure handles the actual HTTP response to the invoker
http request
http response Custom PL/SQL package
EPG
htp
The Talking Database
Details on the Employee. Employee name is Smith, his job
is Analyst. He works in department 20…
EMP
The Talking Database
PL/SQLexposed through
dbms_epg
http
audio/mpeg, binary data
http
Employees Table
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2
3
45
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Reaching out from the database
Database
dbms_epg(mod_plsql)
http
XMLDB
httpftp
webdav
utl_http
http
AdvancedQueuing
AQjms
Queue
RESTWeb
Service
File, O/S
JDBC, SQL Net, DB Link
Stock management
Stock management
Do not do it…More often than required
• If it has been produced before…– Reuse before re-produce!
• If it has been shipped before…– Reuse instead of re-ship
• … provided it is still fresh
Web Browser
RDBMS
Java EE Application Server
Do not do it…More often than required
• Save on network trips, context switches and tiers to cross
• Save on ‘reproducing’ same results Web Browser
RDBMS
Java EE Application Server
- JS data (memory)
- Cookies- HTML 5 db
Edge Cache
CacheCluster Fail-Over(Session State)Result StoreWrite Behind Client Result
Cache
Result Cache
Materialized View
Fast Data – Real Time Event processing
• The league of real time events– Continuous stream of a multitude of tiny events with hardly any payload, to
analyze & aggregate– Sent from physical sensors (temperature, pressure, RFID, security gates), process
sensors, Twitter, manufacturing equipment, database triggers, web servers, ESBs, stock trade tickers, sport statistics, RSS, network switches, …
No SQL
• Replacing Relational Database?– Front End & Middle Tier Cache for read only data provisioning – Non-Transactional processing of large volumes of data
– Not Only SQL– Working closely with ‘back-end’ relational database– Working with Hadoop for off-line, parallel processing
Do not do it…In a suboptimal place
• Do not perform a task in a resource that is not ideally suited for that task– If it directly contributes to overall performance
Do not do it…In a suboptimal place
• Leverage database for what it’s good at– Data Integrity – Primary Key /Unique Key /Foreign Key– Aggregation– Sorting– Data Rule enforcement– Bulk DML and Copy data– Analytical Functions, Model clause, Rollup
• Specialized engines for– HTML rendering and Session Management– Imaging and Document Processing– Match and Search– Speech Recognition– Cryptography– 3D – ….
Recent Trends around the Database
• Self managing => role of DBA• Cloud• Appliances & Engineered Systems (the ExaData machine)
– From I/O bound back to CPU bound
• NoSQL (data gathering) and R (data analysis) ...• 12c
– Multitenant, In Memory Database, Temporal Validity, Data Masking, JSON
Cloud
Cloud
• Automated (self-service) provisioning of database resources• Multi-tenant• Metering and per-usage billing• 24/7 uptime – hot patching, fail-over• Fine grained recovery, upgrade, authorizations• Scalable
• ‘The Oracle Public Cloud’ IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Appliances & Engineered Systems
• Pre-configured, installed, plug’n’play• One stop solution in case of issues• Software/hardware mutually optimized (*
– Infini-band, Storage Cells, Flash-memory (between RAM & Disk)
Data Masking
• Gartner reports that: data masking should be mandatory for enterprises using copies of sensitive production data for application development, analytics or training.
• They also believe the market is expanding into production and unstructured data protection.
Data Redaction
• At runtime, you can optionally have the query results modified to reset/scramble/randomize sensitive data– Through ‘data redaction’ policies associated with tables and view and applied at
query time
• Because the data is masked in real-time, Data Redaction is well suited to environments in which data is constantly changing.
• You can create the Data Redaction policies in one central location and easily manage them from there.
SQL engine SQL
POLICY
POLICY
RESULTS
Oracle 12c (released summer 2013)C is for…
Complete
Complementary
Cloud
Consolidation
Container
Crowd
Control
Core
CentralCool Carefree
Classified
DBA is resource intensive
Managing dozens of databases means…
– Installing– Configuring– Securing– Monitoring– Patching– Upgrading– Backing up
• many database instances on potentially a large number of machines
• Using dedicated resources for each individual database instance– 20 processes– Memory for SGA– Disk space for generic objects such as most of the SYS schema
Multitenant Architecture
Oracle Database Architecture
• Requires memory, processes and database files
ERP
Database Files
BackgroundProcesses
MemoryUtilized
RAM
Oracle Database Architecture
• Separate memory and processes required for each database
ERP
Database Files
MemoryUtilized
BackgroundProcesses
RAM
CRM
Database Files
BackgroundProcesses
MemoryUtilized
RAM
DW
Database Files
BackgroundProcesses
MemoryUtilized
RAM
New Pluggable Database Architecture
ERP
Database Files
MemoryUtilized
BackgroundProcesses
CRM
Database Files
MemoryUtilized
BackgroundProcesses
RAM
DW
Database Files
MemoryUtilized
BackgroundProcesses
RAMRAM
• Memory and processes required at container level only
New Pluggable Database Architecture
• Memory and processes required at container level only
RAM ERP CRM DW
BackgroundProcesses
MemoryUtilized Container Database
Multitenant Architecture
Multitenant Architecture
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Ease the administration burden
• Installing• Configuring• Securing• Monitoring• Patching• Upgrading• Backing up
Multitenant Architecture
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Fast Provisioning
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Simplified Patching
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Fast Cloning a PDB
PDBs can be cloned from remote CDBs
PDBs can be cloned from within the same CDB
Manage Many as One with Multitenant
Backup databases as one; recover at pluggable database level
DW
12.1
CRM
12.1
ERP
12.1
One Backup
Point-in-time recoveryAt pluggable database level
Multitenant Container Database
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Multitenant Agility
GOLD
SILVER
BRONZE
RAC, Data Guard, Daily Incrementals
Data Guard, Daily Incrementals
Weekly Full Backups
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Big News…
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Oracle Database In Memory Option
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Hybrid, dual-format data storage transparent to application
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Oracle Technology Networkhttp://otn.oracle.com
• Gratis download van vrijwel alle Oracle producten• Gebruiken voor studie, onderzoek, prototype development, …• Geen beperking in tijd of functionaliteit• Betalen als je een
systeem in productie(gaat) nemen
• Handig: Pre-BuiltVirtual Machines– PHP– BigData– SOA & BPM– Java EE– BI– Solaris
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Oracle XE Database – free!
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database-technologies/express-edition/overview/index.html
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Summary
• Database is core of enterprise IT– Persistent when the plug is pulled
• Consolidation is important theme– More efficient usage of hardware resources and
of human resources– Agile scaling – quick, simple, cheap– Cloud as ultimate target– Also: “logical consolidation” – centralize data
• Database is bottleneck – a single point of failure• Logical consistency demands require transactions to use locks on data –
scalability at database level is reduced as a result– CAP theorem – consistency, availability and partition tolerance can not all be
achieved
• Evolution of databases continues rapidly – the relevance of the Database Platform is quite strong today
• IT is a smart career choice – and AMIS is a fun company
• Blog: technology.amis.nl– On Oracle, SQL, Java, SOA, BPM & more
• Email: lucas.jellema@amis.nl
• : lucasjellema
• : www.amis.nl, info@amis.nl +31 306016000 Edisonbaan 15,
Nieuwegein