Post on 16-Nov-2015
description
SYSTEM APPROACH
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
InputTransformationOutPutRaw MaterialsHuman ResourcesCapitalTechnologyInformation
Employees work activityMGMT. ActivitiesTechnology &Operations Methods
Product & ServicesFinancial ResultsInformationHuman Results
Feed Back
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Takes holistic view of the organizationEach organization consists of a number of subsystems which when working together creates synergy
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Concepts:- Subsystems Synergy System Boundary Flow Feedback
A system is defined as an organised, whole composed of two or more interdependent parts, components, or subsystems and delineated by identifiable boundaries from its environmental suprasystem.DEFINITION OF SYSTEM
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The Contingency Approach
Every situation is UNIQUEBegin around early/ mid 1960sManagement technique has to changeSituational approach
What is the problem here?What should the Manager do here?What is the BEST action here?
There isNO BEST WAY IT DEPENDS!
Situational Approach
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MGMT is entirely situational & there is nothing universal principal of MGMT or one best way of doing things .MGMT depends upon the environment
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It is an extension of system approach .The basic idea of this approach, is that there cannot be a particular MGMT action which will suit all situation.
Where as contingency approach depending upon the interrelation between variables in a situation managerial
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IT DEPENDS ONSituations & variables
OrganizationalproblemExternal EnvironmentInternal EnvironmentEconomicalSocialPoliticalTechnologicalTechnological constraints(Technology used in production, interdependency of units , flexibility)Task constraints(nature of the task, procedures)Individual / people constraints(Competence level, psychological needs, skills and individual abilities)The Contingency Approach
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The contingent Variables are :-
Organizational Size
Technology
Environmental Uncertainty
Individual differences
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Decision-makingGrasp the situationIdentify the variables presentIdentify their interrelationshipsIdentify effective ways/ configurationsDecide on most appropriate oneThe Contingency Approach
Integrative Framework of MGMT. Perspective
System Perspective Recognition of internal interdependence Recognition of environmental forces
Contingency perspectivesClassical MGMT perspective Behavioral MGMT perspective Quantitative MGMT. Perspective Effective & efficient MGMT.
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Uncertainty
ProfessionalismResourcesScare
Dynamic environment?
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STRUCTURAL CONTIGENCY THEORY
Chapter1
MANAGEMENT Science OR Art ???ARTAS WELL ASSCIENCE
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MANAGERProfessionalScientificArtisticJUGGLER
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