Dance is a way of knowing and communicating. All societies use dance to

communicate on both personal and cultural levels and to meet physical and

spiritual needs.

Dance, as with all the arts, has its own language. We need to learn this language in order to fully understand and appreciate the

world of Dance.

The Language of Dance

Elements: Time, Space and Force

Choreographic Forms: Theme and Variations, Rondo and Narrative

Styles: (characteristics of)Ballet, Tap, Jazz and Modern

TIME: The relationship of one movement or part of a movement to another. Includes pulse, speed (or tempo), duration, rhythm, and phrases.

Pulse: the ongoing underlying beat

Tempo: The speed with which a movement is performed

Rhythm: a flow of sound or movement having regular accented beats; a movement or activity in which some action repeats regularly; patterns made by arranging long and short sounds or strong and light sounds

Duration: the length of time a movement lasts: a long time, short time or something in between

Syncopation: a temporary accenting of a normally weak beat in music to vary the rhythm

Phrasing: a grouping and articulation of a group of notes

Accent: a movement or shape performed in such a way as to give emphasis.

Elements

• SPACE: the area of space occupied by the dancer’s body; includes direction, size, pathways, levels and shapes.

• Direction: which way a dancer faces or moves; e.g., forward, backward, sideways, up and down

• Size: magnitude of a body shape or movement; from small to large movements

• Pathways: patterns made as a dancer moves through the air or on the floor (straight, vertical, horizontal, zig-zag); can be made with locomotor or non-locomotor movements, separately or in combination.

• Levels: the vertical distance from the floor. Movements take place on three levels: high, middle or low and deep.

• Shapes: the form created by the body’s position in space. Aspects of shape are open/closed, symmetrical/asymmetrical, angular and curved.

Elements

Elements• FORCE: (energy) degree of muscular tension and use of

energy while moving.

• Dynamics: how a movement is done

• Flow: continuity of movement (bound/free flowing)

• Weight: strength (force) lightness of movement (heavy/light)

Rondo: a dance structure with three or more themes where one theme is repeated. ABACAD

Theme: the basic idea of the play, which the author dramatizes through the conflict of characters.

Narrative: choreographic structure that follows a specific story line to convey specific information through a dance

Variations: contrasts in the use of the dance elements, repetitions.

Choreography is the art of arranging dances

Choreographic Forms

SPACE

• Pathways - curved lines, straight lines, zigzags, circles, figure-eights, and many more

• Shape - large, small, rounded, and angular• Level - high, medium, low or on the floor• Direction - forward, backwards, diagonally,

sideways

All dance movements can be labeled as

locomotor or nonlocomotor.

NONLOCOMOTOR-movements that do not change location

AH-E-2.1.31

LOCOMOTOR-movements that travel

Locomotor MovementsDancers using locomotor movements may walk, run, skip, hop, jump, slide, leap, or gallop.. These movements may be high (possibly indicating joy), medium, or low (possibly indicating sadness.)

AH-E-2.1.31, 1.15, 2.23

Non-locomotor Movements

Dancers are using non-locomotor movements when they stay in one place but bend, stretch, twist, or

swing their body.

Styles (characteristics)Ballet: a classic form of dance growing out of the

French nobility. Its root is court dances.

It is known for its:

•standardized dance movements

•specialized leaps and lifts

•French terminology to describe each standardized movement

•Pointe shoes for women

•slippers for men

•costumes---tights, tutus

Styles (characteristics)Tap: is a percussive dance form in which dancers produce sound by wearing shoes to which metal taps have been added. Tap dance, an American dance form which concentrates on footwork and rhythm, has roots in African, Irish and English clogging traditions. Its roots lie in recreational dance (Irish Step dance, jig and African steps).

It is known for:

•An emphasis on rhythm

•Tap shoes

•Costumes—formal to street wear

•Improvisation

Jazz: American music marked by lively rhythms with unusual accents and often including melodies made up by musicians as they play. It’s roots are in social dances and early musical theatre dance.

It’s known for:•Stylized movement•Accents in hands, head, hips and feet•English/French terminology to describe movements•Jazz shoes or boots•Costume related to theme of dance•Improvisation

Styles (characteristics)

Modern: a form of dance developed by dancers interested in breaking from ballet traditions and expressing a more liberating form of movement. It expresses complex emotions and abstract ideas.

It is known for:

•Freedom of movement

•Usually barefoot but can use shoes based on theme

•Costume related to dance theme

•Improvisation used in the development of choreography

Styles (characteristics)

How is a dance created?

Dances are created by combining locomotor and nonlocomotor

movements. A dance, like a book,

has a beginning, a middle, and an end.

AH-M-2.1.34

EXPRESSIVE QUALITIES

Ideas and emotions communicated by the movement patterns of dance composition

Dance has 3 main forms

• ceremonial (religion, celebration, ritual)

• recreational (folk, social dancing, aerobic dance)

• artistic (ballet, modern, narrative, tap, lyrical).

AH-E-2.2.32

Culture and Dance• Nearly all cultures

incorporate dance in some way.

• Dance is a major component of many cultures.

• Dance is often used to communicate or celebrate.

Some more about dance & culture

• Cultures use dance in ways that are both social and personal.

• What are some examples of culture and dance you can think of? How do those cultures use dance?

AH-E-2.2.33, A-HI-2.2.31, AH-M-2.2.32

Dance is also representative of time periodsWhat time period do you think of when you hear:

*Charleston,*Virginia Reel,*Swing,*Disco,*Break dancing, or*Hip Hop?

Something to think about…How are the dances of these time periods related to the politics of the time?

AH-H-2.3.31, AH-H-2.3.311

Dance in History

• Dance has played an important function in many cultures throughout history.

• Dance styles, costumes, and music often reflect the political climate of the time.

• Dances such as the “Locomotion”, “Macarena”, and even the “Chicken Dance” all perform a function in our society – they create a “group” of dancers having fun!

AH-E-2.2.31, 1.15, 2.23, 2.25

LANDLERS

• USED IN MIDDLE AGES, THESE FOLK DANCES BECAME POPULAR AT WEDDINGS, CHRISTENINGS, AND FESTIVALS

Folk Dance

Variety of dances by groups or communities, as opposed to being made up by a choreographer. There are several types of this dance, including clogging.

AH-E-2.1.14, 1.15, 2.22

Dance is often used to tell a story

AH-M-2.2.31, AH-2.2.32, AH-E.2.1.31

Like a story or a book, each dance has a

beginning, middle, and an end. Dance is made up “movement material

s”, connected into “phrases” and put

together into a complete dance.