The Carbon Cycle1. Animals breathe out Carbon Dioxide

2. Producers (plants) take in carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air during photosynthesis.

3. Producers use carbon dioxide to make food (sugar).

4. Consumers eat producers and take in carbon molecules.

5. Consumers release CO2 as waste product (by breathing) **cycle starts over again.

The Oxygen Cycle1. Producers (plants) release

oxygen during photosynthesis

2. Consumers breathe in oxygen to perform life functions.

The Carbon and Oxygen Cycles

                               

Plants take in CO2 and release O2

Animals take in O2 and release CO2

Plants also use carbon to make Plants also use carbon to make sugars which animals consume.sugars which animals consume.

#6 The Nitrogen Cycle

1. The air around us contains 78% nitrogen gas but we cannot use it

2. We rely on bacteria in the soil to “fix” the nitrogen so we can use it.

3. Plants use nitrogen in the soil to grow.

4. Consumers eat plants containing nitrogen.

5. Decomposers return nitrogen to soil again when animals eliminate waste or organisms die.

I. The Water Cycle

Precipitation

Evaporation

Condensation

The water cycle recycles Earth’s water.

The cycle moves the water from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back.

Purifies our water.

1. Evaporation – liquid water turns into water vapor (a gas). The energy for evaporation comes from the sun.

2. Condensation – Water vapor (gas) in the atmosphere cools down and turns into liquid water. *Clouds form when water droplets collect around dust particles.

3. Precipitation – Water droplets fall

from clouds as rain, sleet, snow, and hail.

Earth’s Natural ResourcesSome resources can be

replaced and reused by nature; these are renewable resources.

Natural resources that cannot be replaced by nature are nonrenewable resources.

Renewable Resources

1. AIR is recycled and purified through the carbon and oxygen cycles.

2. The WATER cycle allows Earth’s

water to be used over and over.

3. New SOIL is formed to replace soil that has been carried away by wind and water.

Renewable Resources Cont.

4. Trees and other new plants grow to replace those that have been cut down or died.

5. Animals are born to replace animals that have died.

6. Sunlight, or solar energy, is considered a renewable resource because it will continue to be available for billions of years on Earth.

Non-Renewable Resources

ENERGY

Once energy is used it is gone forever.

EXAMPLES:1. Gas/oil (fossil fuels)

2. Food

Conservation of Resources

1. Reduce – use alternatives (riding bike versus driving car)

2. Reuse – use resource again – plastic water bottles vs. water from sink

3. Recycle – reprocess an item to use again – paper

4. Protect – prevent loss of resource (living things) ex: endangered species, wildlife preserves.

Ground water – water that soaks into the ground

Aeration -

Pores are filled with AIR, water does not stay here.

Saturation -

Water fills all of the available pore space

Permeable

Surface water - water that stays above ground (run off, lakes, streams, and rivers).

Water Table – top of zone of saturation.

Lake (surface water)

Underground layer where water is stored

Impermeable – water CANNOT pass through

The area between the zone of aeration (air) and the saturated zone is known as the water table.

(drainage basin) -area drained by a river where all the small rivers and streams empty into.

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wa

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Where the river ends its journey into a large body of water.

*Deltas create unique

ecosystems.

Watershed/ Drainage Basin

Can be lake, pond or ocean.

Can be Mountain ridges or hills

Rain water falls on either side and drains down.

Deltas – Can be lake or ocean.

Floodplains – When a river floods, new sediment is deposited on the land enriching the area with new soil. The new soil is nutrient rich, allowing new crops or vegetation to grow.

Saluda watershed covers 1.6 million acres

Includes 12 counties

Greenville

Laurens

Newberry

SaludaGreenwood

Pickens

Watersheds

In South Carolina, watersheds are located within eight major river basins:

1. Broad River2. Catawba3. Edisto 4. Salkahatchie5. Saluda 6. Santee7. Savannah 8. Pee Dee

Study Guide-copy questions

1. What are the 4 layers of soil?Litter, Topsoil, Subsoil, Bedrock

2. A soil layer is also called a horizon.

3. Which soil layer provides nutrients for plant growth?

Topsoil4. The term that describes how easily

water passes through soil isPermeability

5. Which layer of soil contains dead things (like leaves and grass)?

Litter6. Which layer of soil is made up of

mostly rock?Bedrock

7. What happens to water as it moves through layers of soil.

it is cleaned8. What is weathering?

Breaking down of rocks

9. What are the three steps of the water cycle?

Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation **Know Definitions

10. List 2 reasons why the water cycle is important. Recycles Earth’s water, cleans water

11. Animals breathe out carbon dioxide and plants take it in to make food during a process called photosynthesis. In return, plants release clean oxygen for animals to breathe in.

12. What are the 4 conservations methods?reduce, reuse, recycle and protect

13. An example of NON renewable resource is

oil, energy 14. Things that come from Earth that

we can use are called Natural Resources

15. List 5 examples of renewable resources. water, carbon, oxygen, living things, soil