THE ARTIFICIAL NITROGEN OF AGRICULTURE: TOP ECOTOXICOLOGICAL THREAT FOR THE HUMANITY

Mariano Montaño Armijos, Ph. D.mmontano@espol.edu.ec

Guayas Ecosystem: Applying urea to paddy

Atoms of the same element are identical in all respects, having the same size, shape and structure, and especially mass.

Different Nitrogens: Natural and Artificial

Elemental composition of the human body

oxygen

others

carbon

hydrogen

nitrogen

Nitrogen, agriculture and health

Salud

Biological fixation

Chemicalfixation

Agriculture

Food

Health

An error in the conformation of the protein may lead to disease. What are the genetic and molecular causes of misfolded proteins?

William ThomassonAlzheimer´s disease. Cystic fibrosis. Mad Cow disease. An inherited form of emphysema. Even many cancers. Recent discoveries show that all these apparently unrelated diseases result from protein folding gone wrong.

Watanabe, S., Kaneko, K. & Yamanaka, K. (2013)Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the aggregation of misfolded proteins, which accumulate to form insoluble clumps within or around nerve cells.

Nitrogen, cyanobacteria, Azolla, paddy ... TRIBIOSYS

Azolla-Anabaena-paddy

The rice fields are intended to be:

•Biofertilizer factories for agriculture.•Nutritional protein source.•Soil improvement factor.•Lever regeneration of natural microbiota.•Water purification system.•Agent climate change mitigation.•Source of health.•Foundation of economic prosperity.

Ecuador:PaddyEcosystem

Azolla. Biofertilizer of paddies

Azolla. Biofertilizer of banana

Water purification system

Ecuador: Cleaning the rivers Daule, Babahoyo and Guayas, and the Gulf of Guayaquil

Fern-cyanobacteria

Nitrogen

Ecuador's agricultural system.  New paradigms

Paddy

N

Clean water

Environmental improvement

Economic sustainable food sovereignty

Fertilizer

Feed

Health E

Annual Values Ecuador World

Rice (Mt) 1.6 750

Area (Mha) 0.4 180

Consumption-Production N (Mt) 0.387 100

Tribiótica Offer N (Mt) 0.487 219

Nitrogen: Global Issues

N

The case of Ecuador.A chemical element, nitrogen, can become the largest economic hub of Ecuador. The nitrogen is part of the 3% of agriculture, livestock, flora, fauna and people of the country, linking these areas to the natural resources, environment and health. Ecuador can become the global benchmark for nitrogen, as Chile's copper and gold South Africa.

Bhutan set to plough lone furrow as world's first wholly organic country.By shunning all but organic farming techniques, the Himalayan state will cement its status as a paradigm of sustainability.http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/feb/11/bhutan-first-wholly-organic-country

Proyectos Azolla (PROMSA, SENACYT, Banco Mundial).Proyecto de Manejo de Recursos Costeros. Dirección del Grupo de Trabajo de Calidad de Agua.Assessment of Nitrogen Cycling in Brackish Marsh of the Mississippi Delta in Louisiana.Inventarios nacionales de plaguicidas COPs, Dioxinas y Furanos y emisiones de Mercurio (Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador-GEF).Proyecto Control de Inundaciones Cuenca Baja del Río Guayas (CEDEGE).Docencia: ESPOL, Universidad de Guayaquil, Universidad Católica de Guayaquil, Escuela Politécnica Nacional.

Scientific and Technologic Basis

Mariano Montaño Armijos Ph. D., MAE, Ing. Quím.mmontano@espol.edu.ec