Post on 14-Jan-2016
The American Home FrontDecember 7, 1941 - 1945
Vocabulary List
• Ration: a fixed allowance of provisions or food • War Bonds: a debt issued by a government for
the purpose of financing military operations during times of war
• Morale: emotional or mental condition with respect to cheerfulness, confidence
• Riveter: a person who installs rivets to fasten an object together.
Rivets
Enlistment and Patriotism• The American military
was not prepared for an all out war.
• It only had 300,000 men. • The U.S. calls on American
men to enlist. • The American people
respond. • In fact the Government is
overwhelmed by the number that decide to join.
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U.S. Military
ALL AMERICANS FOUGHTDespite discrimination at home, minority populations contributed to the war effort:
• 1,000,000 African Americans
• 300,000 Mexican-Americans
• 33,000 Japanese Americans• 25,000 Native Americans• 13,000 Chinese AmericansThese “Golden 13” Great Lakes officers
scored the highest marks ever on the Officers exam in 1944
Contributions• The Americans were asked by the
government to ration everything.
• The government also sold war bonds (borrowed money from its own people to help with the war).
• They needed money to help the Allies as well as themselves. The U.S. was also not a very rich country and desperately needed money.
• The goal was to help Allies while the U.S. prepared.
Rationed Goods• Rationed Items: sugar,
coffee, shoes, meats, and cereals.
• Farms were producing as much food as possible.
• Much of the food went to British and Russian soldiers and citizens as a result of starvation.
COLLECTION DRIVES
Shift in Production
• American Industry had to go to wartime production, many factories were running 24/7.
• GM, Ford, and Chrysler went from creating cars to tanks.
• Boeing from regular airplanes to bombers and fighter jets.
• Gun makers like Colt, from hunting rifles to machine guns, flamethrowers, war rifles.
War Production
• In full war mode, the U.S. was producing weapons faster than anybody around thought that it would or could.
• In one month, the U.S. was able to produce up to 4,000 tanks and 4,500 planes.
• Ship production also increased dramatically to help protect our coasts.
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Ship and Submarine Production
Ships andSubs
Liberty Ships
• Transport vessels for troops and supplies
• 441 feet long
• Built in as little as 24 days!!!
ECONOMIC GAINS
• Unemployment fell to only 1.2% by 1944 and wages rose 35%
• Farmers benefited as production doubled and their income tripled
Success on the Home Front• The war provided a lift to
the U.S. economy
• Jobs were abundant and despite rationing and shortages, people had money to spend.
• By the end of the war, America was the world’s dominant economic and military power.
Question
What is one way that World War II affected the American economy?
Factories ran 24 hours a day producing military supplies
Jobs for Women
WOMEN MAKE GAINS• Women enjoyed
economic gains during the war
• Over 6 million women entered the work force for the first time
• Over 1/3 were in the defense industry
LABOR’S CONTRIBUTION
• By 1944, nearly 18 million workers were laboring in war industries (3x the # in 1941)
• More than 6 million were women and nearly 2 million were minority.
Unintended Benefit• Women joined the
workforce. Before the war, only about 3 million worked in the U.S.
• Most were housewives and raised families.
• Desperate for workers to produce weapons, women replaced the men that went to war.
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Women