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Government of TamilnaduFirst Edition - 2004
CHAIRPERSON
Dr. M. CHANDRAVALLIReader & Head of the Dept. of Telugu,
Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005.
REVIEWERS
Tmt. M. KAMESWARIHead of the Dept. of Telugu,
Queen Mary's College,
Mylapore, Chennai - 600 004.
Thiru P. CHANDRA SEKHARA SARMA
SR. SPL. GR. P.G. Asst.,
S.K.P.D. Boy's. Hr. Sec. School, Chennai - 600 001.
AUTHORS
ThiruK. PRABHAKARA NAIDU Dr.T. PADMALOCHANA DEVI
SPL. GR. P.G. Asst., P.G. Asst. (RTD)Pachaiyappa's College, Sri Venugopala Vidyalaya,Hr. Sec. School, Hr. Sec. School,Chennai - 600 001. Chennai - 600 028.
Thiru G. RAMESHUDU ThiruCH. BUCHAIAH
SPL. GR. Telugu Pandit, P.G. Asst. in Telugu,S.K.P.D. Boy's Hr. Sec. School, Kesari Hr. Sec. School,Chennai - 600 001. T.Nagar, Chennai - 600 017.
Price : Rs.
This book has been prepared by the Directorate of School
Education on behalf of the Govt. of Tamilnadu
This book has been printed on 60 G.S.M. paper
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=O J## ~}"# ~=, ~`, KH_ x, x~H=" Q Hq` Q}= xO_ O_#.
J # "kHJ~= :
H= _|, #= B^~= Q}= Q _ =
O :D HOk"xx q_n Ok ~#, =# "=.
Hq`H, ~=
== :D HOk"xH qQ "H= " == ~# "=.
H;^$+ ``"^= huQO^= ~h` Hq`Q}=.
J~ O ~= :
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3. "=# h # Qi "=.4. "=# Hq = Qi KiOK=.
q^~ K# :
"=# hu =# HxO\x HiOz HO~= QqO_.
V
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"H~}=
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"H~}=O :
Ok : ''~ ~~O| ~~OH^=Q@ Ok#|_#. Ok "^\ =# ~ =x, ~O_= =#L ~ =x JO^~. D ~O_ = H~H Ok.
L : ~=_ { J`_ - ~=_ _.=#= { LO\q - =#=O\q
1. O$` O :
1. q~ Ok : q~=# + ~=Q#_ H==Q + =K#
L^ : K { |= K `|= { _|= _|=
{ ^ #= ` #=
2. q~=# H Y ~=Q#_ q~==~^
L : =# { H== =#H==` { H= `H= [ { O[= * O[= { = =
3. JH~= gk q ~ = ~ Qx, JK Qx, =~ `$f K`~ OK=H ~= Qx~=Q#_ JH~= ''F H~=Q =~#.
L^ : = { =$^ ==$^
120
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{ =#= `=#=t~ { ~ = t~~ =~[ { Ja+_ ~*a+_
4. ''q~ K K ~=Q#_ =~=Q#,@ ~ ~=Q#_ + =~=Q#, ^ ~=Q#_ =~=Q# =~#.
L^ :- ` { K~ ~^# { @OH~= ^#+OH~==# { = =# =
5. q~ Hx `=O^ ~Q==Q#.L^ :- ^# { }= ^#~}=
JO { P` JO ~ # { q #i^
2. `Ok : ^ KK[~ ~=Q#_=~Q #q P^=Q#.
L^ :- =# { Ou =#Ou { H H { Ki`= Ki =[Q { [##= [Q[##=
3. [ Ok :
=~ =H~= =~ $f K ~H~=, = ~ Qx, JKQx ~=Q#_ H==Q Q [ _ | P =Q =K#.
121
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L^ :- "H { ^= "Q^=~\ { ~_ ~ { = ~ =
`Q O :1. uHOk :
P D U uH=. uH= gk JOH #k =#, uHn~=# = |=Q #Q#.L^: P { H#, P { H# JH#, PH#
D { q^=, D { q^= Wq^=, Dq^=U { "~, U { "~ Z"~, U"~
2. @QQ=Ok :
1. H ~ ~ =O^ L #H K ~=Q#_ @QQ=O|QL^ :- O_ { P O_\
x= { J^= x=@^=
2. H~ ~=# ~k |= JK~O|Q#_@QQ=O|Q#.L^ :- ~ { L~= ~@~=, ~~=
zQ~ { P zQ~\, zQ~.
3. ~QQ=Ok :
1. H~ ~=# ''^k |= ''P |= ~=Q#_~QQ=Q#.L : { P ^~
[= { P [=~n~ { P n~~
122
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2. H~^~=# = |= P |= ~=Q#_J O|# O|#, ~QQ=O|Q.L^ :- + { P + ~
# { P #~O# { P O#~
==
''=~O|Q O| UH O|Q@ ==
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L^:- J~"\ J@ ~ =Lz "\ J@ ^z =
6. #& `~+ == :
O$ =# ''# J##k =u~H~=# #. Q HxkJ~= =K#. ==#O^ D..... ''# "^\ ^=Q#O_, ~O_= = "^@ #K ''J Q =~#. JK#K ''J
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x == .
u : u^=# ~O_ K#.
1. ^= "^\ JH ~=# 3= Q}= "^\ JH~=# XHu K#.
2. 5= Q}= "^\ JH~=# 7= Q}= "^\ JH~=#=iH uK#.
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L^:-~
U I U I I U I U I I U I
H=h H H=Oz =
~ # ~ #U I U I I I I U I U I I I
= u H# ~ K^= = : 3 WO^Q}= { 1 ~Q}=.
1. ~Q}= : ~Q}= ~O_.
Q}= - U I#Q}= - I I I
2. WO Q}= : WO^Q}= P~.
#= - I I I I
#Q= - I I I U= - I I U IQ}= - U I I~Q}= - U I U Q}= - UU I
K ~` Q}= : D K ~` Q}= HO^ =#"_|_#.
QQ= - U U#= - I I I IQ}= - U I I[Q}= - I U IQ}= - I I U
130
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'JOu ~= ~} x=OK =#= (JO ~=) JxJ~^= Hey# = =~ K@K xk =H=.
4. JO`= : ^O`= O^ # JO`Q#. L^:- N~~= K~ `^^= =H =k$OQ~
Q}a~=! u[Q## ~~= =.
WO^ ^O = O^ ~= ^= Ja~= = Jx K@K xkJO =.
J~OH~= : J~= ^#=Q Qq J~OH~=.
1. L=OH~= : XH ==# =iH ==` e=
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KO^aO|" =Y=.... Jx L=# L"= J =KC@K xk ~H=.
'' _= ~=
3. L HOH~= : L"=# L=#=Q TOK@#L HOH~=.L^:- P= Hi #_HO_ x #_z =KK#k.
L"= : =^Hi (U#Q)L=#= : #_HO_
WK@ =^Hix #_HO_Q TOK@K xk L HOH~=.
(L H TOK@)
4. ~OH~= : XH^xHO> =iH\ Qk Jx K@~OH~=.L^:- ` J=$ = =^~=. x HO>Hq " =^~=.
WK@ J=$ =, J=$ =HO> Hq " = ~=xQQ KC@K xk ~OH~=.
5. JuH : XH ==# QiOz qHe QQ =iOz K@#JuHOH~=.L^:- P @}=O^e "_ PH=# `K#q.
WK@ "_ K Z Q##=x K@ | Q, PH=
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WK@ lOH H (=x+x) "ix Kz#_ "_ H @,K= xHOK@, a ~ K KK@ "^Q K+ lOH ==# L#^#@ K@K xk "HOH~=.
10.O^= : XH ==# Kz Jk? H Wk? JxO^OK @ O^OH~=.L^:- P=Y= ^ =? H KO^ aO|=? =
x~= Q#k.
WK@ HO^~ =Y=# Kz =? H KO^aO|=?Jx O^OK@K xk O^OH~=.
11.Ou= = : XH ==# Kz "~H ==x = _@#Ou =^OH~=.L^:- =kOz# QO_ "^ P=Y=# Kz H==x
"K#k.
WK@ QO_ `"^ =Y=# Kz `=~=x =_@K xk Ou=^OH~=.
( "^ =x =H~O^= P~=)
12.HH : HH #Q "`. Hx "` K@HHOH~=.L^:- Hx
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L^:- ''#=O`_ = =# ^>#.= ^= Hx xQ^!
WK@ #=O _ =^=# ^@@ ....... q+=.
=` ^ = Hx x Q^!.... =#=. Hx,#=O _ =# HuH_. = _ Q=# =^=# ^>#Jx q+=# =#=K =iOz K@K xk J~O ~
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K}_- H}N KO Y~~
- H..#~O~=
1. = :H =_ @@ =_=O^ W~" _O_ |~= H~
~[=O^ K~ O#_#, x` `=`_#, "^^# ~ _# #Q
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#OK@H HtH ~ K~#. P~O_ K@ " ^#=#O^ Q_#.P `~"` `Ht #Q~=# = ~O_O_ P~^=, ~[hu,J~= "^Q H q^O^ i~ O_ =# OkOz,~*#=# # O_`_#. Hx, HkH=#H =#_=_O^ K}# H=yO Hey#k. P H=# w i_#'PbO^~ (JQO_~) D YO_ =O_=
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K}_ Hj@}=# x=OKKO_Q,
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WOHq H=#! J#K, #. K}_ `# O_ QK# iQOK ^=#, J= =}~=#=`$^qH E, "
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J# ` _
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#=bQ x~eOz, QkOQeyui. P `" =|=O`_#
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=$+_#
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|uk#=# =O^k } O_ +_`=Q =~^# [~ |_KO_#. KO^Q _^~kHi ^q #O_, H~H==# [iyOKKO_=#. Wk #O^~A ~@.
P
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|O^" ~\H
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=_"#. D K}x c+} u[ #O^
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'' = ~O \ u=O Q ~. Hx, s~ +} H~ x^ =H= Q^! `= ^ex q+= =O_#! "O@
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`# x O`#Q= =uH QeQ## ` QO^K# #O^^qH = H
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`=# H~=kH ^~= ## =~=#~"Q#. q`_ ^ H=# ^# ~O\H =K#x, WO^~ =#O^= OkK}xH Q = ez, =` HQeOz =_Q#.
K}_ @b`=# #O^~A H= ^# Qey# ==#=# QOz q` q=iOz, `# fH~ [=#HiO =#kQ Q~#. JO^ HO^~ O`+=` #OwHiOK#.WO^~ XH ^ *u+x "+=` #O^ H= *~= #x,
"iH ^# =O` `O` *u+ G= ^~ H q= |\OK H#=#x#, ^# #
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=#, KO^Q_ |@ "iQ# #O_, " ~|O_g^ }=yOz, `"~H =# #Q~ e"~ ^@Qeyi.
L^= HQ
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~=~= ##iOK#. QO_=
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KO^Q =
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f~= *~#. q` "^= =^ Q YO_= #O`\x[~Oz, ^xH |~ x |@ x *#. P _iH |~ kO Q OQ =# =OK K#=x, "xH= K^=# =Q =[ =#^x qx, ~[=# Q|oO #` _#.
=Q^ =[=#Q_ [~Oz, `# =H ~H==#H=# *@=#x PbO ~O`x `_#. Hx #= O HOwHiOKH, `= JO\=x, xH =O^Q ^
^=x zOzi. PbO^~O^ y#H =Oz *#kH, u~QqOK@H O _#.
J^==# K}_ KO^Qx` O~n_# q[Ox E_=#x =z, PbO^ ~O`=#O^ ~#"`_ q_kK#x, =Q ~[= ^O_ #
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PbO^~ # ^~#= Qi =z# KO^Qx ^Q =~^`
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''KO^Qx HO~=# }=O_Q
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P _Q=O\ "~# qx#O`
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P
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^O_` xe, x[ ~[=# =~#
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''=! Wk x==Q == Q# ! KO^QxQ~"# K} _#}_ x[=Q =H_. =O` `O`=xO\x
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~` _HO``_ "zOz, H n~ x=#q_z ''Z=ixtHO |x . g# ~[Ox `#, n~^`_, qH"`_
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@ ^~=# KO^Q_#, =~ ^~=# K}_# =@_Oz, =KHxi. H==Q qye# *#^= Q_ KO^QxH ==#. ZO`H =kH = Hi, q+ xH #+=`
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"~ x[x"= *~@ _=Q, H. . =_=O ~~=k=_= @, qq*` HQi# w KH=i PbO ~, # =k=_O_ = a# #Q~=#O^ =~}OK ## "~#O^Hxi. D _Q=O\ "~ , ~ =#O^ Q =# #O^# xs~ *#. KO^Qx # `O` `=` =#^~=x\x=KHxi. =#, K}#
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`# >@ |^#k, K~=# #O^ \H_ "~ #O^H#K ^=# |O_ "# =~
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~[^xx A@=@#O^H, =#=#, =# xH|=# QA^_yOKHx ~O_=
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^iOz, H@# KO^Q^ ="#~#. W^H~=, qye# ^~ x `=`= ^~=# ~H K}HKO^Q ="#ii. KO^Q _ ^~ # |[# # "Q K, =Q ~[=#
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[O^Q x` #=H~H=O|# ~K # ~H=`_ xi}_,H~=#O^# H~"=#
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KO^Q xK ~ =~ # qiqQ xOz, iOz, uiy "~~ KO^Qx \a+H =`==# ~Q~x KiOz, "i "i^= |O#.
9. =~}O = :~H _^=` =Ou^qx Q~
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= qk . H#H, "~ HqOKK# ~ H## "iH =iOK=#J
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=OuQ #Oz, `x HiH#
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#OHiOzi. =O "#H, xH i"~= ~ ~ s, _OH, =$ OQk =OQ "^= q#=@KO_, =O^ `
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''P~ bk#=# qK~Q #@ ^KK#k. H~}=~=K
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Q=. hH` _=`_#
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O_=K#x QOz, P# Hi#H~= KO^#^# =kOK@H[ O#.
11. KO Q q[= : KO^Qx [O@ ^x# = `O`=, =~}
O`= |~`H "~K |e#^kQ ^#`~H} H |~i# ~H=` _
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KO^#^# =~}^O_# qkO|_#^x, `= O^# *\O [~QK#q. K}H KO^QeH~=# ~=Q*@ ...
W@ K~ =Y_ K K O_ , #=`x < ` =i`=#.
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J@, =#=# ~HxH H#K"~
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''B~!
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`~# "_H#KO_#, a_ ~H}H " |^H=#x KO^#^~ `= QKO_#. JO`, "#H Q_ #O_ O^H#"xx Ez `~ ^i_i
''Fs! D O_# [~Q@ g^.
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''==O "iH [O^Q_^ #=iOKK